How can we define low disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus?

DuBois, 1964, Clinical manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus, JAMA, 190, 104, 10.1001/jama.1964.03070150014003 Urowitz, 2005, Prolonged remission in systemic lupus erythematosus, J Rheumatol, 32, 1467 Steiman, 2014, Prolonged clinical remission in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, J Rheumatol, 41, 1808, 10.3899/jrheum.131137 van Vollenhoven, 2017, A framework for remission in SLE: consensus findings from a large international task force on definitions of remission in SLE (DORIS), Ann Rheum Dis, 76, 554, 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-209519 Doria, 2015, Value and goals of treat-to-target in systemic lupus erythematosus: knowledge and foresight, Lupus, 24, 507, 10.1177/0961203314559087 Zen, 2012, Disease activity patterns in a monocentric cohort of SLE patients: a seven-year follow up study, Clin Exp Rheumatol, 30, 856 Polachek, 2017, Defining low disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus, Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken), 69, 997, 10.1002/acr.23109 Franklyn, 2016, Definition and initial validation of a Lupus Low Disease Activity State (LLDAS), Ann Rheum Dis, 75, 1615, 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-207726 Lopez, 2012, Lupus disease activity and the risk of subsequent organ damage and mortality in a large lupus cohort, Rheumatology (Oxford), 51, 491, 10.1093/rheumatology/ker368 Gladman, 2002, Systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index 2000, J Rheumatol, 29, 288 Tselios, 2018, Clinical remission and low disease activity have comparable outcomes over 10 years in systemic lupus erythematosus, Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) Tsang-A-Sjoe, 2017, Both prolonged remission and Lupus Low Disease Activity State are associated with reduced damage accrual in systemic lupus erythematosus, Rheumatology (Oxford), 56, 121, 10.1093/rheumatology/kew377 Tani, 2018, Remission and low disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus: an achievable goal even with fewer steroids? Real-life data from a monocentric cohort, Lupus Sci Med, 5, 10.1136/lupus-2017-000234 Ugarte-Gil, 2017, Remission and Low Disease Activity Status (LDAS) protect lupus patients from damage occurrence: data from a multi-ethnic, multinational Latin America Lupus Cohort (GLADEL), Ann Rheum Dis, 76, 2071, 10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-211814 Zen, 2018, Lupus low disease activity state is associated with a decrease in damage progression in Caucasian patients with SLE, but overlaps with remission, Ann Rheum Dis, 77, 104, 10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-211613 Zen, 2017, The effect of different durations of remission on damage accrual: results from a prospective monocentric cohort of Caucasian patients, Ann Rheum Dis, 76, 562, 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-210154 Piga, 2017, Failure to achieve lupus low disease activity state (LLDAS) six months after diagnosis is associated with early damage accrual in Caucasian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, Arthritis Res Ther, 19, 247, 10.1186/s13075-017-1451-5 Sharma, 2018, FRI 0350 Lupus low disease activity state (LLDAS-50) is a significant predictor for damage accrual and mortality: a Norwegian cohort analysis, Ann Rheum Dis, 77, 711 Golder, 2017, Association of the lupus low disease activity state (LLDAS) with health-related quality of life in a multinational prospective study, Arthritis Res Ther, 19, 62, 10.1186/s13075-017-1256-6 Golder, 2016, Frequency and predictors of the lupus low disease activity state in a multinational and multiethnic cohort, Arthritis Ther Res, 18, 260, 10.1186/s13075-016-1163-2 Furie, 2017, Anifrolumab, an anti-interferon-α receptor monoclonal antibody, in moderate-to-severe systemic lupus erythematosus, Arthritis Rheumatol, 69, 376, 10.1002/art.39962 Morand, 2018, Lupus low disease activity state (LLDAS) attainment discriminates responders in a systemic lupus erythematosus trial: post-hoc analysis of the phase IIb MUSE trial of anifrolumab, Ann Rheum Dis, 77, 706, 10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-212504 Carli, 2015, Leukopenia, lymphopenia and neutropenia in systemic lupus erythematosus: prevalence and clinical impact. A systematic literature review, Semin Arthritis Rheum, 45, 190, 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2015.05.009 Newman, 2013, Management of immune cytopenias in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, Autoimmun Rev, 12, 784, 10.1016/j.autrev.2013.02.001 Charles, 2018, Analyses of genome wide association data, cytokines and gene expression in African-Americans with benign ethnic neutropenia, PLoS One, 13, 10.1371/journal.pone.0194400 Dale, 2017, An update on the diagnosis and treatment of chronic idiopathic neutropenia, Curr Opin Hematol, 24, 46, 10.1097/MOH.0000000000000305 Sicre de Fontbrune, 2015, Severe chronic primary neutropenia in adults: report on a series of 108 patients, Blood, 126, 1643, 10.1182/blood-2015-03-634493 Yarmohammadi, 2017, Idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia: pathogenesis, etiologies, clinical presentations and treatment strategies, Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol, 119, 374, 10.1016/j.anai.2017.07.021 Ziakas, 2005, Lupus thrombocytopenia: clinical implications and prognostic significance, Ann Rheum Dis, 64, 1366, 10.1136/ard.2004.033100 Jung, 2016, Thrombocytopenia in systemic lupus erythematosus: clinical manifestations, treatment and prognosis in 230 patients, Medicine (Baltimore), 95, e2818, 10.1097/MD.0000000000002818 Fernandez, 2007, Systemic lupus erythematosus in a multi-ethnic US cohort: XLIII. The significance of thrombocytopenia as a prognostic factor, Arthritis Rheum, 56, 614, 10.1002/art.22376 Miller, 1983, The significance of thrombocytopenia in systemic lupus erythematosus, Arthritis Rheum, 26, 1181, 10.1002/art.1780261002 Li, 2018, Retrospective analysis of the risk of haemorrhage associated with moderate and severe thrombocytopenia of 173 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, Medicine (Baltimore), 97, e11356, 10.1097/MD.0000000000011356 Tselios, 2017, Cardiovascular and pulmonary manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus, Curr Rheumatol Rev, 13, 206, 10.2174/1573397113666170704102444 Ceccarelli, 2018, Anti-carbamylated protein antibodies as a biomarker of erosive joint damage in systemic lupus erythematosus, Arthritis Res Ther, 20, 126, 10.1186/s13075-018-1622-z Gladman, 1979, Serologically active clinically quiescent systemic lupus erythematosus: discordance between clinical and serologic features, Am J Med, 66, 210, 10.1016/0002-9343(79)90529-1 Steiman, 2012, Outcomes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus with and without a prolonged serologically active clinically quiescent period, Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken), 64, 511, 10.1002/acr.21568 Steiman, 2010, Prolonged serologically active clinically quiescent systemic lupus erythematosus: frequency and outcome, J Rheumatol, 37, 1822, 10.3899/jrheum.100007 Steiman, 2015, Lack of interferon and proinflammatory cyto/chemokines in serologically active clinically quiescent systemic lupus erythematosus, J Rheumatol, 42, 2318, 10.3899/jrheum.150040 Thamer, 2009, Prednisone, lupus activity and permanent organ damage, J Rheumatol, 36, 560, 10.3899/jrheum.080828 Apostolopoulos, 2016, Independent association of glucocorticoids with damage accrual in SLE, Lupus Sci Med, 3, 10.1136/lupus-2016-000157 Van Staa, 2002, The epidemiology of corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis: a meta-analysis, Osteoporos Int, 13, 777, 10.1007/s001980200108 Costedoat-Chalumeau, 2013, Hydroxychloroquine in systemic lupus erythematosus: results of a French multicentre controlled trial (PLUS study), Ann Rheum Dis, 72, 1786, 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-202322 Akhavan, 2013, The early protective effect of hydroxychloroquine on the risk of cumulative damage in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, J Rheumatol, 40, 831, 10.3899/jrheum.120572 Jung, 2010, The protective effect of antimalarial drugs on thrombovascular events in systemic lupus erythematosus, Arthritis Rheum, 62, 863, 10.1002/art.27289 Cairoli, 2012, Hydroxychloroquine reduces low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in systemic lupus erythematosus: a longitudinal evaluation of the lipid-lowering effect, Lupus, 21, 1178, 10.1177/0961203312450084 Shinjo, 2010, Antimalarial treatment may have a time-dependent effect on lupus survival: data from a multi-national Latin American inception cohort, Arthritis Rheum, 62, 855, 10.1002/art.27300 Tselios, 2018, Abnormal cardiac biomarkers in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and no prior heart disease: a consequence of antimalarials?, J Rheumatol Choi, 2017, A review on SLE and malignancy, Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol, 31, 373, 10.1016/j.berh.2017.09.013 Mok, 2018, Effect of immunosuppressive therapies on survival of systemic lupus erythematosus: a propensity score analysis of a longitudinal cohort, Lupus, 27, 722, 10.1177/0961203317739129