How can urban blue-green space be planned for climate adaption in high-latitude cities? A seasonal perspective

Adams, 1989

Akbari, 2016, Three decades of urban heat islands and mitigation technologies research, Energy and Buildings, 133, 834, 10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.09.067

Bowler, 2010, Urban greening to cool towns and cities: A systematic review of the empirical evidence, Landscape and Urban Planning, 97, 147, 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2010.05.006

Byrne, 2009, Can urban greenspace combat climate change? Towards a subtropical cities research agenda, Australian Planner, 46, 36, 10.1080/07293682.2009.10753420

Carvalho, 2017, Urban resilience to future urban heat waves under a climate change scenario: A case study for Porto urban area (Portugal), Urban Climate, 19, 1, 10.1016/j.uclim.2016.11.005

Chandrasekhar, 2013

Coumou, 2013, Historic and future increase in the global land area affected by monthly heat extremes, Environmental Research Letters, 8, 10.1088/1748-9326/8/3/034018

Demuzere, 2014, Mitigating and adapting to climate change: Multi-functional and multi-scale assessment of green urban infrastructure, Journal of Environmental Management, 146, 107, 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.07.025

Du, 2016, Research on the cooling island effects of water body: A case study of Shanghai, China, Ecological Indicators, 67, 31, 10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.02.040

Estoque, 2017, Effects of landscape composition and pattern on land surface temperature: An urban heat island study in the megacities of Southeast Asia, Science of The Total Environment, 577, 349, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.195

Fan, 2019, How to cool hot-humid (Asian) cities with urban trees? An optimal landscape size perspective, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 265, 338, 10.1016/j.agrformet.2018.11.027

Foley, 2005, Global consequences of land use, Science, 309, 570, 10.1126/science.1111772

Forman, 2014

Forman, 2016, Urban ecology principles: are urban ecology and natural area ecology really different?, Landscape Ecology, 31, 1653, 10.1007/s10980-016-0424-4

Gao, 2019, Suitability of regional development based on ecosystem service benefits and losses: A case study of the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration, China, Ecological Indicators, 107, 10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.105579

Gilbert, 2016, Keeping California cool: Recent cool community developments, Energy and Buildings, 114, 20, 10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.06.023

Gunawardena, 2017, Utilising green and bluespace to mitigate urban heat island intensity, Science of the Total Environment, 584, 1040, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.158

Hamada, 2010, Seasonal variations in the cooling effect of urban green areas on surrounding urban areas, Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 9, 15, 10.1016/j.ufug.2009.10.002

Hathway, 2012, The interaction of rivers and urban form in mitigating the Urban Heat Island effect: A UK case study, Building and Environment, 58, 14, 10.1016/j.buildenv.2012.06.013

Jaganmohan, 2016, The bigger, the better? The influence of urban green space design on cooling effects for residential areas, Journal of Environmental Quality, 45, 134, 10.2134/jeq2015.01.0062

Jiménez-Muñoz, 2014, Land surface temperature retrieval methods from Landsat-8 thermal infrared sensor data, IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 11, 1840, 10.1109/LGRS.2014.2312032

Kuang, 2015, What are hot and what are not in an urban landscape: quantifying and explaining the land surface temperature pattern in Beijing, China, Landscape Ecology, 30, 357, 10.1007/s10980-014-0128-6

Lee, 2016, An analysis of urban cooling island (UCI) effects by water spaces applying UCI indices, International Journal of Environmental Science and Development, 7, 810, 10.18178/ijesd.2016.7.11.886

Li, 2017, On the association between land system architecture and land surface temperatures: Evidence from a Desert Metropolis—Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A, Landscape and Urban Planning, 163, 107, 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2017.02.009

Lin, 2015, Calculating cooling extents of green parks using remote sensing: Method and test, Landscape and Urban Planning, 134, 66, 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2014.10.012

Manoli, 2019, Magnitude of urban heat islands largely explained by climate and population, Nature, 573, 55, 10.1038/s41586-019-1512-9

Martins, 2016, Impact of urban cool Island measures on outdoor climate and pedestrian comfort: Simulations for a new district of Toulouse, France, Sustainable Cities and Society, 26, 9, 10.1016/j.scs.2016.05.003

McDonald, 2016, Planting healthy air: A global analysis of the role of urban trees in addressing particulate matter pollution and extreme heat, The Nature Conservancy, 1

Mikami, 2009, Quantitative evaluation of cool island effects in urban green parks

Montazeri, 2017, Simulating the cooling effects of water spray systems in urban landscapes: A computational fluid dynamics study in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, Landscape and Urban Planning, 159, 85, 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2016.10.001

Nemani, 1989, Estimation of regional surface resistance to evapotranspiration from NDVI and thermal-IR AVHRR data, Journal of Applied Meteorology, 28, 276, 10.1175/1520-0450(1989)028<0276:EORSRT>2.0.CO;2

O’Malley, 2015, Urban Heat Island (UHI) mitigating strategies: A case-based comparative analysis, Sustainable Cities and Society, 19, 222, 10.1016/j.scs.2015.05.009

Oke, 2002

Oliveira, 2011, The cooling effect of green spaces as a contribution to the mitigation of urban heat: A case study in Lisbon, Building and Environment, 46, 2186, 10.1016/j.buildenv.2011.04.034

Peng, 2016, Urban thermal environment dynamics and associated landscape pattern factors: A case study in the Beijing metropolitan region, Remote Sensing of Environment, 173, 145, 10.1016/j.rse.2015.11.027

Pitman, 2015, Green infrastructure as life support: Urban nature and climate change, Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 139, 97, 10.1080/03721426.2015.1035219

Ren, 2016, Quantifying the influences of various ecological factors on land surface temperature of urban forests, Environmental Pollution, 216, 519, 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.06.004

Ren, 2018, The impact of urban forest structure and its spatial location on urban cool island intensity, Urban Ecosystems, 21, 863, 10.1007/s11252-018-0776-4

Santamouris, 2014, Cooling the cities–a review of reflective and green roof mitigation technologies to fight heat island and improve comfort in urban environments, Solar Energy, 103, 682, 10.1016/j.solener.2012.07.003

Santamouris, 2018, Progress in urban greenery mitigation science–assessment methodologies advanced technologies and impact on cities, Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 24, 638, 10.3846/jcem.2018.6604

Schwarz, 2012, Relationship of land surface and air temperatures and its implications for quantifying urban heat island indicators—An application for the city of Leipzig (Germany), Ecological Indicators, 18, 693, 10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.01.001

Shiflett, 2017, Variation in the urban vegetation, surface temperature, air temperature nexus, Science of The Total Environment, 579, 495, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.069

Shih, 2017, Greenspace patterns and the mitigation of land surface temperature in Taipei metropolis, Habitat International, 60, 69, 10.1016/j.habitatint.2016.12.006

Sun, 2012, Cooling effects of wetlands in an urban region: The case of Beijing, Ecological Indicators, 20, 57, 10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.02.006

Sun, 2017, Effects of green space dynamics on urban heat islands: Mitigation and diversification, Ecosystem Services, 23, 38, 10.1016/j.ecoser.2016.11.011

Voogt, 2003, Thermal remote sensing of urban climates, Remote Sensing of Environment, 86, 370, 10.1016/S0034-4257(03)00079-8

Wang, 2014, Effect of ecosystem services provided by urban green infrastructure on indoor environment: A literature review, Building and Environment, 77, 88, 10.1016/j.buildenv.2014.03.021

Ward, 2016, Heat waves and urban heat islands in Europe: A review of relevant drivers, Science of The Total Environment, 569, 527, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.119

Xia, 2014, Terrestrial carbon cycle affected by non-uniform climate warming, Nature Geoscience, 7, 173, 10.1038/ngeo2093

Xu, 2006, Modification of normalised difference water index (NDWI) to enhance open water features in remotely sensed imagery, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 27, 3025, 10.1080/01431160600589179

Yu, 2014, Land surface temperature retrieval from Landsat 8 TIRS—Comparison between radiative transfer equation-based method, split window algorithm and single channel method, Remote Sensing, 6, 9829, 10.3390/rs6109829

Yu, 2017, How can urban green spaces be planned for climate adaptation in subtropical cities?, Ecological Indicators, 82, 152, 10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.07.002

Yu, 2018, Variations in land surface temperature and cooling efficiency of green space in rapid urbanization: The case of Fuzhou city, China, Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 29, 113, 10.1016/j.ufug.2017.11.008

Yu, 2018, Strong contributions of local background climate to the cooling effect of urban green vegetation, Scientific Reports, 8, 6798, 10.1038/s41598-018-25296-w

Yu, 2019, Spatiotemporal patterns and characteristics of remotely sensed regional heat islands during the rapid urbanization (1995–2015) of Southern China, Science of The Total Environment, 674, 242, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.088

Yu, 2019, Strong contribution of rapid urbanization and urban agglomeration development to regional thermal environment dynamics and evolution, Forest Ecology and Management, 446, 214, 10.1016/j.foreco.2019.05.046

Yu, 2015, Impact of urban cooling effect based on landscape scale: A review, Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 26, 636

Zhang, 2017, Optimizing green space locations to reduce daytime and nighttime urban heat island effects in Phoenix, Arizona, Landscape and Urban Planning, 165, 162, 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2017.04.009

Zhao, 2014, Strong contributions of local background climate to urban heat islands, Nature, 511, 216, 10.1038/nature13462

Zhou, 2017, Effects of the spatial configuration of trees on urban heat mitigation: A comparative study, Remote Sensing of Environment, 195, 1, 10.1016/j.rse.2017.03.043

Zupancic, 2015