Cách Các Loại Thiền Khác Nhau Có Thể Nâng Cao Hiệu Suất Thể Thao Tùy Theo Kỹ Năng Thể Thao Cụ Thể

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 1 - Trang 122-126 - 2017
Lorenza S. Colzato1,2,3, Armin Kibele3
1Cognitive Psychology Unit & Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
2Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
3Institute for Sports and Sport Science, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany

Tóm tắt

Việc tham gia lâu dài vào thiền chánh niệm đã được chứng minh là hiệu quả trong việc đạt được hiệu suất thể thao tối ưu thông qua việc giảm mức độ lo âu, suy nghĩ lặp đi lặp lại và tăng cường trải nghiệm dòng chảy. Ngoài những tác động do tập luyện lâu dài, những năm gần đây đã chứng kiến sự quan tâm ngày càng tăng về ảnh hưởng của những lần thiền ngắn hạn đến nhận thức. Cụ thể, thiền chú ý tập trung (FAM) và thiền theo dõi mở (OMM) ngay lập tức thiên lệch các kiểu kiểm soát nhận thức theo hướng “nhiều hơn” (tức là, xử lý tuần tự) so với “ít hơn” (tức là, xử lý song song) kiểm soát từ trên xuống, tương ứng. Trong bài viết ý kiến này, chúng tôi lập luận rằng sự phân biệt giữa FAM và OMM đặc biệt hiệu quả khi xem xét các loại thể thao khác nhau. Chúng tôi suy đoán rằng FAM có thể nâng cao hiệu suất trong các môn thể thao kỹ năng khép kín (tức là, bắn cung, thể dục nhịp điệu), dựa trên xử lý tuần tự, trong đó môi trường là có thể dự đoán và phản ứng là “tự điều chỉnh”. Ngược lại, chúng tôi cho rằng OMM thúc đẩy hiệu suất trong các môn thể thao kỹ năng mở (tức là, bóng đá, lướt ván buồm), dựa trên xử lý song song, trong đó các yếu tố môi trường quyết định phản ứng “được điều chỉnh bên ngoài”. Chúng tôi kết luận rằng một can thiệp dựa trên thiền thành công vào hiệu suất thể thao yêu cầu một sự lựa chọn kỹ thuật phù hợp nhất theo lý thuyết dành riêng cho những loại thể thao nhất định.

Từ khóa


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