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Các hộ gia đình và an ninh lương thực: bài học từ các hộ gia đình an ninh lương thực ở Đông Phi
Tóm tắt
Các yếu tố chính nào góp phần vào an ninh lương thực ở cấp độ hộ gia đình? Chúng ta có thể học được bài học gì từ các hộ gia đình được đảm bảo lương thực? Những lựa chọn nông nghiệp và chiến lược quản lý nào có thể mang lại lợi ích đặc biệt cho các hộ gia đình do phụ nữ đứng đầu? Bài báo này giải quyết những câu hỏi này bằng cách sử dụng một bộ dữ liệu độc đáo từ 600 hộ gia đình, cho phép chúng tôi khám phá một loạt các chỉ số phản ánh những khía cạnh khác nhau về hiệu suất và phúc lợi cho các loại hộ gia đình khác nhau—hộ gia đình do phụ nữ đứng đầu, hộ gia đình do nam giới đứng đầu, hộ gia đình an ninh lương thực và hộ gia đình không an ninh lương thực—và đánh giá các lựa chọn sinh kế và chiến lược cũng như cách thức chúng ảnh hưởng đến an ninh lương thực. Phân tích dựa trên một cuộc khảo sát chi tiết về các hộ gia đình nông dân được thực hiện tại ba địa điểm ở Kenya, Uganda và Tanzania. Kết quả của chúng tôi cho thấy rằng sự thiếu an ninh lương thực có thể không nghiêm trọng hơn đối với các hộ gia đình do phụ nữ đứng đầu so với các hộ gia đình do nam giới đứng đầu. Chúng tôi nhận thấy rằng các hộ gia đình nông dân có an ninh lương thực có một loạt các loại cây trồng rộng hơn trên các trang trại của họ và có xu hướng định hướng thị trường cao hơn so với các hộ gia đình không an ninh lương thực. Có nhiều tài sản nội địa hơn không làm cho các hộ gia đình do phụ nữ đứng đầu trở nên an toàn hơn về lương thực. Đối với các loại tài sản khác (gia súc, phương tiện vận chuyển và sản xuất), chúng tôi không thấy bằng chứng về một mối tương quan với an ninh lương thực. Các danh mục sinh kế khác nhau đang được các hộ gia đình do nam giới và nữ giới đứng đầu theo đuổi, với các hộ gia đình do phụ nữ đứng đầu ít có khả năng trồng các loại cây có giá trị cao hơn và có xu hướng có danh mục cây trồng ít đa dạng hơn. Những phát hiện này giúp xác định các chính sách và hành động địa phương, quốc gia và khu vực để nâng cao an ninh lương thực cho cả hộ gia đình do phụ nữ và nam giới đứng đầu. Các can thiệp này bao gồm việc cải thiện khả năng tiếp cận thông tin của các hộ gia đình, chẳng hạn như thông qua các nỗ lực giao tiếp đổi mới và chia sẻ kiến thức và hỗ trợ nhằm nâng cao cơ hội thị trường nông nghiệp cho phụ nữ và nam giới.
Từ khóa
#an ninh lương thực #hộ gia đình #nông nghiệp #sinh kế #phụ nữ #Đông PhiTài liệu tham khảo
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