Hot Spots of Juvenile Crime: A Longitudinal Study of Arrest Incidents at Street Segments in Seattle, Washington
Tóm tắt
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Appleyard D (1981) Livable streets. University of California Press, Berkeley
Baumer EP, Lauritsen JL, Rosenfeld R, Wright R (1998) The influence of crack cocaine on robbery, burglary, and homicide rates: a cross-city longitudinal analysis. J Res Crime Delinq 35:316–340
Block C, Dabdoub M, Fregly S (eds) (1995) Crime analysis through computer mapping. Police Executive Research Forum, Washington, DC
Blumstein A, Wallman J (eds) (2000) The crime drop in America. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Braga AA, Papachristos AV, Hureau D (1980–2008) The concentration and stability of gun violence at micro places in Boston (Unpublished Manuscript)
Braga AA, Weisburd D, Waring EJ, Mazerolle LG, Spelman W, Gajewski F (1999) Problem-oriented policing in violent crime places: a randomized controlled experiment. Criminology 37:541–580
Brame R, Fagan J, Piquero AR, Schubert CA, Steinberg L (2004) Criminal careers of serious delinquents in two cities. Youth Violence Juv Violence 2:256–272
Brame R, Nagin DS, Wasserman L (2006) Exploring some analytical characteristics of finite mixture models. J Quant Criminol 22:31–59
Brantingham PJ, Brantingham PL (1981) Environmental criminology. Waveland Press, Prospect Heights [1991]
Brantingham PJ, Brantingham PL (1984) Patterns in crime. Macmillan, New York
Brantingham PL, Brantingham PJ (1995) Criminality of place: crime generators and crime attractors. Eur J Crim Pol Res 3:5–26
Brantingham PL, Brantingham PJ (1999) Theoretical model of crime hot spot generation. Stud Crim Crim Prev 8:7–26
Bryk AS, Raudenbush SW (1987) Application of hierarchical linear models to assessing change. Psychol Bull 101:147–158
Bryk AS, Raudenbush SW (1992) Hierarchical linear models for social and behavioral research: application and data analysis methods. Sage Publications, Newbury Park
Burgess EW (1925a) The growth of the city: an introduction to a research project. In: Park RE, Burgess EW, McKenzie RD (eds) The city. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp 47–62 [1967]
Burgess EW (1925b) Can neighborhood work have a scientific basis? In: Park RE, Burgess EW, McKenzie RD (eds) The city. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp 142–155 [1967]
Bursik RJJ, Grasmick HG (1993) Neighborhoods and crime: the dimensions of effective community control. Lexington Books, New York
Bushway S, Brame R, Paternoster R (1999) Assessing stability and change in criminal offending: a comparison of random effects, semi-parametric, and fixed effects modeling strategies. J Quant Criminol 15:23–61
Chilton RJ (1964) Continuity in delinquency area research: a comparison of studies for Baltimore, Detroit, and Indianapolis. Am Sociol Rev 29:71–83
Clarke RV (1983) Situational crime prevention: its theoretical basis and practical scope. In: Morris N, Tonry M (eds) Crime and justice: a review of research, vol 14. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp 225–256
Clarke RV, Cornish DB (1983) Crime control in Britain: a review of policy research. State University of New York Free Press, Albany
Clarke RV, Weisburd D (1994) Diffusion of crime control benefits: observations on the reverse of displacement. In: Clarke RV (ed) Crime prevention studies, vol 3. Criminal Justice Press, Monsey, pp 165–184
Cohen LE, Felson M (1979) Social change and crime rate trends: a routine activity approach. Am Sociol Rev 44:588–608
Crow W, Bull J (1975) Robbery deterrence: an applied behavioral science demonstration—final report. Western Behavioral Science Institute, La Jolla
Curtis LA (1974) Criminal violence: national patterns and behavior. Lexington Books, Lexington
Duffala DC (1976) Convenience stores, armed robbery, and physical environmental features. Am Behav Sci 20:227–246
Eck JE, Wartell J (1998) Improving the management of rental properties with drug problems: a randomized experiment. In: Mazerolle LG, Roehl J (eds) Civil remedies and crime prevention. Crime prevention studies, vol 9. Criminal Justice Press, Monsey, pp 161–185
Eck JE, Weisburd DL (1995) Crime places in crime theory. In: Eck JE, Weisburd DL (eds) Crime and place. Criminal Justice Press, Monsey, pp 1–33
Eggleston EP, Laub JH, Sampson RJ (2004) Methodological sensitivities to latent class analysis of long-term criminal trajectories. J Quant Criminol 20:1–26
Erickson ML, Empey LT (1963) Court records, undetected delinquency, and decision-making. J Crim Law Police Sci 54:456–469
Federal Bureau of Investigation (2003) Crime in the United States 2002. Retrieved 21 May 2005 from: http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/cius_02/html/web/offreported/02- ncrimeindex01.html
Felson M (1995) Those who discourage crime. In: Eck JE, Weisburd DL (eds) Crime and place. Willow Tree Press, Monsey, pp 53–66
Felson M (2002) Crime in everyday life. Sage, Thousand Oaks
Goldstein H (1995) Multilevel statistical models, 2nd edn. Arnold, London
Green L (1996) Policing places with drug problems. Sage, Thousand Oaks
Griffiths E, Chavez JM (2004) Communities, street guns, and homicide trajectories in Chicago, 1980–1995: merging methods for examining homicide trends across space and time. Criminology 42:941–978
Groff ER, McEwen T (2005) Exploring the spatial configuration of places related to homicide events. National Institute of Justice, Washington, DC
Groff ER, Weisburd D, Morris N (2009) Where the action is at places: examining spatio- temporal patterns of juvenile crime at places using trajectory analysis and GIS. In: Weisburd D, Bernasco W, Bruinsma GJN (eds) Putting crime in its place: units of analysis in geographic criminology. Springer, New York, pp 61–86
Guerry A-M (1833) Essai sur la Statisticque morale de la France. Crochard, Paris
Hirschfield A, Yarwood D, Bowers K (1997) Crime pattern analysis, spatial targeting and GIS: the development of new approaches for use in evaluating community safety. In: Evans-Mudie N (ed) Crime and health data analysis using GIS. SCGISA, Sheffield
Hunter RD (1988) Environmental characteristics of convenience store robberies in the state of Florida. American Society of Criminology, Chicago
Hunter AJ, Baumer TL (1982) Street traffic, social integration, and fear of crime. Sociol Inq 52:122–131
Jacobs J (1961) The death and life of great American cities. Vintage Books, New York
Jeffery CR (1971) Crime prevention through environmental design. Sage, Beverly Hills
Klinger D, Bridges G (1997) Measurement error in calls-for-service as an indicator of crime. Criminology 35:705–726
Kreuter F, Muthen B (2008) Analyzing criminal trajectory profiles: bridging multilevel and group-based approaches using growth mixture modeling. J Quant Criminol 24:1–31
LeBeau JL (1987) The methods and measures of centrography and the spatial dynamics of rape. J Quant Criminol 3:125–141
Lind AW (1930) Some ecological patterns of community disorganization in Honolulu. Am J Sociol 36:206–220
Lum C (2003) The spatial relationship between street-level drug activity and violence. Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Maryland, College Park
Maltz MD, Gordon AC, Friedman W (1990 [2000]) Mapping crime in its community setting: event geography analysis. Originally published by Springer, New York, Internet edition available at http://www.uic.edu/depts/lib/forr/pdf/crimjust/mappingcrime.pdf . Accessed 15 August 2009
Mayhew P, Clarke RV, Hough M, Sturman A (1976) Crime as opportunity. Home office research study 34. H.M Stationary Office, London
Mazerolle L, Rogan D, Frank J, Famega C, Eck JE (2005) Managing calls to the police with 911/311 systems. US Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice, Washington, DC
McCord J, Widom CS, Crowell NA (eds) (2001) Juvenile crime, juvenile justice. National Academies Press, Washington, DC
Nagin DS (1999) Analyzing developmental trajectories: a semiparametric group-based approach. Psychol Methods 4:139–157
Nagin DS (2004) Response to “methodological sensitivities to latent class analysis of long-term criminal trajectories”. J Quant Criminol 20:26–37
Nagin DS (2005) Group-based modeling of development over the life course. Harvard University Press, Cambridge
Nagin DS, Land KC (1993) Age, criminal careers, and population heterogeneity: specification and estimation of a nonparametric, mixed Poisson model. Criminology 31:327–362
Newman O (1972) Defensible space: crime prevention through environmental design. Macmillan, New York
Normandeau A (1968) Trends and patterns in crimes and robbery. University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
Oberwittler D, Wikström PH (2009) Why small is better: advancing the study of the role of behavioral contexts in crime causation. In: Weisburd D, Bernasco W, Bruinsma GJN (eds) Putting crime in its place: units of analysis in geographic criminology. Springer, New York, pp 35–59
Osgood DW, Wilson JK, O’Malley PM, Bachman JG, Johnston LD (1996) Routine activities and individual deviant behavior. Am Sociol Rev 61:635–655
Park RE, Burgess EW, McKenzie RD (eds) (1925) The city. University of Chicago Press, Chicago [1967]
Pierce G, Spaar S, Briggs LR (1986) The character of police work: strategic and tactical implications. Center for Applied Social Research, Northeastern University, Boston
Piquero AR (2008) Taking stock of developmental trajectories of criminal activity over the life course. In: Liberman AM (ed) The long view of crime: a synthesis of longitudinal research. Springer, Washington, DC, pp 23–78
Quetelet AJ (1831) Research on the propensity for crime at different ages. Anderson Publishing, Cincinnati [1984]
Rand A (1986) Mobility triangles. In: Figlio RM, Hakim S, Rengert GF (eds) Metropolitan crime patterns. Criminal Justice Press, Monsey, pp 117–126
Reiss AJ Jr, Tonry M (eds) (1986) Communities and crime. Crime and justice: a review of research, vol 8. University of Chicago Press, Chicago
Rengert G (1980) Spatial aspects of criminal behavior. In: Georges-Abeyie DE, Harries KD (eds) Crime: a spatial perspective. Columbia University Press, New York, pp 47–57
Rengert GF (1981) Burglary in Philadelphia: a critique of an opportunity structure model. In: Brantingham PJ, Brantingham PL (eds) Environmental criminology. Waveland Press, Prospect Heights, pp 189–201
Roman CG (2002) Schools as generators of crime: routine activities and the sociology of place. Department of Sociology, American University, Washington, DC
Roman CG (2005) Routine activities of youth and neighborhood violence: spatial modeling of place, time, and crime. In: Wang F (ed) Geographic information systems and crime analysis. Idea Group, Hershey, pp 293–310
Roncek DW (2000) Schools and crime. In: Goldsmith V, McGuire P, Mollenkopf JH, Ross TA (eds) Analyzing crime patterns: frontiers of practice. Sage, Thousand Oaks, pp 153–165
Roncek DW, Maier PA (1991) Bars, blocks, and crimes revisited: linking the theory of routine activities to the empiricism of “hot spots”. Criminology 29:725–753
Rosenbaum DP (2006) The limits of hot spots policing. In: Weisburd D, Braga A (eds) Police innovation: contrasting perspectives. Cambridge University Press, Campbridge, pp 245–263
Sampson RJ, Groves WB (1989) Community structure and crime: testing social disorganization theory. Am J Sociol 94:774–802
Sampson RJ, Laub JH (2005) Seductions of method: rejoinder to Nagin and Tremblay’s ‘developmental trajectory groups: fact or fiction’. Criminology 43(4):905–913
Sampson RJ, Raudenbush SW, Earls F (1997) Neighborhoods and violent crime: a multilevel study of collective efficacy. Science 277:918–924
Sampson RJ, Morenoff JD, Gannon-Rowley T (2002) Assessing “neighborhood effects”: social processes and new directions in research. Annu Rev Sociol 28:443–478
Schmitt RC (1957) Density, delinquency and crime in Honolulu. Sociol Soc Res 41:274–276
Schuerman L, Kobrin S (1986) Community careers in crime. In: Reiss AJ Jr, Tonry M (eds) Crime and justice: a review of research, vol 8. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp 67–100
Shaw CR, McKay HD (1942) Juvenile delinquency and urban areas. University of Chicago Press, Chicago [1969]
Shaw CR, Zorbaugh H, McKay HD, Cottrell LD (1929) Delinquency areas. University of Chicago Press, Chicago
Sherman LW (1995) Hot spots of crime and criminal careers of places. In: Eck JE, Weisburd DL (eds) Crime and place. Criminal Justice Press, Monsey, pp 35–52
Sherman LW, Weisburd D (1995) General deterrent effects of police patrol in crime ‘hot spots’: a randomized, controlled trial. Justice Quart 12:625–648
Sherman LW, Gartin PR, Buerger ME (1989) Hot spots of predatory crime: routine activities and the criminology of place. Criminology 27:27–55
Sickmund M, Snyder HN, Poe-Yamagata E (1997) Juvenile offenders and victims: 1997 update on violence, statistics summary. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Washington, DC
Skogan WG (1990) Disorder and decline: crime and the spiral of decay in American cities. Free Press, New York
Skogan WG, Annan S (1994) Drugs and public housing: toward an effective police response. In: MacKenzie D, Uchida CD (eds) Drugs and crime: evaluating public policy initiatives. Sage, Thousand Oaks
Skogan W, Frydl K (eds) (2004) Fairness and effectiveness in policing: the evidence. National Academies Press, Washington, DC
Smith WR, Frazee SG, Davison EL (2000) Furthering the integration of routine activity and social disorganization theories: small units of analysis and the study of street robbery as a diffusion process. Criminology 38:489–523
Snyder HN (2003) Juvenile arrests 2001. Juvenile justice bulletin. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Washington, DC
Sparrow MK, Moore MH, Kennedy DM (1990) Beyond 911: a new era for policing. Basic Books, New York
Suttles GD (1972) The social construction of communities. University of Chicago Press, Chicago
Taylor RB (1997) Social order and disorder of street blocks and neighborhoods: ecology, microecology, and the systemic model of social disorganization. J Res Crime Delinq 34:113–155
Taylor RB (1998) Crime and small-scale places: what we know, what we can prevent, and what else we need to know. Crime and place: plenary papers of the 1997 conference on criminal justice research and evaluation. National Institute of Justice, Washington, DC, pp 1–22
Taylor RB, Gottfredson SD, Brower S (1984) Block crime and fear: defensible space, local social ties, and territorial functioning. J Res Crime Delinq 21:303–331
Thrasher FM (1927) The gang: a study of 1, 313 gangs in Chicago. University of Chicago Press, Chicago
Tita G, Griffiths E (2005) Traveling to violence: the case for a mobility-based spatial typology of homicide. J Res Crime Delinq 42:275–308
Turner S (1969) The ecology of delinquency. In: Sellin T, Wolfgang EM (eds) Delinquency: selected studies. Wiley, New York, pp 27–60
Wallace JM, Bachman JG (1991) Explaining racial/ethnic differences in adolescent drug use: the impact of background and lifestyle. Soc Probl 38:333–357
Weisburd DL (2002) From criminals to criminal contexts: reorienting crime prevention. In: Waring E, Weisburd D (eds) Crime & social organization. Advances in criminological theory, vol 10. Transactions Publishers, New Brunswick, pp 197–216
Weisburd D, Eck JE (2004) What can police do to reduce crime, disorder, and fear? Ann Am Acad Pol Soc Sci 593:42–65
Weisburd D, Green L (1994) Defining the drug market: the case of the Jersey City DMA system. In: MacKenzie D, Uchida CD (eds) Drugs and crime: evaluating public policy initiatives. Sage, Thousand Oaks
Weisburd D, Green L (1995) Policing drug hot spots: the Jersey City drug market analysis experiment. Justice Quart 12:711–735
Weisburd DL, McEwen T (1997) Introduction: crime mapping and crime prevention. In: Weisburd DL, McEwen T (eds) Crime mapping and crime prevention: Crime prevention studies, vol 8. Criminal Justice Press, Monsey
Weisburd D, Maher L, Sherman L (1992) Contrasting crime general and crime specific theory: the case of hot spots of crime. In: Adler F, Laufer WS (eds) Advances in criminological theory, vol 4. Transaction, New Brunswick, NJ, pp 45–70
Weisburd D, Bushway S, Lum C, Yang S-M (2004) Trajectories of crime at places: a longitudinal study of street segments in the city of Seattle. Criminology 42:283–321
Weisburd D, Wyckoff LA, Ready J, Eck JE, Hinkle JC, Gajewski F (2006) Does crime just move around the corner? A controlled study of spatial displacement and diffusion of crime control benefits. Criminology 44:549–592
Weisburd D, Bernasco W, Bruinsma GJN (eds) (2009) Putting crime in its place: units of analysis in geographic criminology. Springer, New York
Worden R, Bynum T, Frank J (1994) Police crackdowns on drug abuse and trafficking. In: MacKenzie D, Uchida CD (eds) Drugs and crime: evaluating public policy initiatives. Sage, Thousand Oaks