Horizontal inhomogeneities in clouds and their effect on remote particle measurements

F. Albers1, A. Reuter1, U. Maixner1, L. Levkov1, E. Raschke1, I. Sednev2
1GKSS Forschungszentrum Geesthacht, Institut für Atmosphärenphysik, Max-Planck-Str., 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
2The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Meteorological Department, Jerusalem, Israel

Tài liệu tham khảo

Curry, 1986, Interactions among turbulence and microphysics in Arctic stratus clouds, J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 90, 10.1175/1520-0469(1986)043<0090:IATRAM>2.0.CO;2 Freese, 1998, Strahlungsinduzierte Dynamik stratiformer Bewölkung in der Arktis, 37, 105 Hartmann, 1997, Radiation and Eddy Flux Experiment 1995 (REFLEX III), Ber. Polarforsch., 218 Khain, 1995, Simulation of hydrometeor size spectra evolution by water-water, ice-water and ice-ice interactions, Atm. Res., 36, 107, 10.1016/0169-8095(94)00030-H Levkov, 1995, Impact of primary ice nucleation parameterizations on the formation and maintenance of cirrus, Atm. Res., 38, 147, 10.1016/0169-8095(94)00091-Q Liou, 1996, Radiative Transfer in Cirrus Clouds, Part IV: On Cloud Geometry, Inhomogeneity, and Absorption, J. Atmos. Sci, 53, 3046, 10.1175/1520-0469(1996)053<3046:RTICCP>2.0.CO;2 Lohmann, 1998, Comparing different Cloud Schemes of a Single Column Model by using Mesoscale Forcing and Nudging Technique, Journal of Climate Randall, 1996, On FIRE at ten, Adv. in Geophys., 38, 37, 10.1016/S0065-2687(08)60020-5 Raschke, 1998, Cloud-Radiation Studies during the European Cloud and Radiation Experiment (EUCREX), Surv. Geophys., 19, 89, 10.1023/A:1006544220339 Reuter, 1996, Small-scale structures of Arctic stratus clouds during summertime, 506 Weitkamp, 1998, Lidars for Cloud Measurements at GKSS and first Radar-Lidar Comparisons, 75