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Liu, T.M.B. Hong Kong Triad Societies Before and After 1997 Change-over. Hong Kong: Net e-Pub, 2001

Varese, F. “Mafia Transplantation,” In Kornai, J., Rose-Ackerman, S., and Rothstein, B. (eds.) Problems of Post Socialist Transition: Creating Social Trust. Pp. 148–166. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. 2004.

Zhang, S. and Chin, K.L. “The Declining Significance of Triad Societies in Transnational Illegal Activates,” British Journal of Criminology 43(3): 469–488, 2003.