Holistic conservation of bio-cultural diversity in coastal Lebanon: A landscape approach

Journal of Marine and Island Cultures - Tập 1 - Trang 27-37 - 2012
Jala Makhzoumi1, Hala Chmaitelly2, Carine Lteif3
1Landscape Design and Ecosystem Management, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Riadh Al Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
2Surfaces Design, P.O. Box 13-5545, Chouran, Beirut, Lebanon
3Agriculture and Urban Planning, Faculty of Fine and Applied Arts, University of the Holy Spirit (USEK), P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Mount Lebanon, Lebanon

Tài liệu tham khảo

Antipolis, S., 2001. “Urban sprawl in the Mediterranean region”. Mediterranean Blue Plan. (http://www.planbleu.org/publications/urbsprawl.pdf/08/03/2012). Al Wali, C., 1993. Bayrut fi Al Tarikh Wal Hadara. Beirut, Dar Al E’lem Lel Malayeen (Arabic). Barthel, 2005, History and local management of a biodiversity rich, urban cultural landscape, Ecology and Society, 10, 1, 10.5751/ES-01568-100210 Bengtsson, 2003, “Reserves, resilience, and dynamic landscapes”, Ambio: Journal of Human Environment, 32, 389, 10.1579/0044-7447-32.6.389 Chmaitelly H., 2007. “Urban floral diversity in the Eastern Mediterranean: Beirut coastal landscape”. Master of Science Thesis, American University of Beirut (unpublished). Chmaitelly, 2009, Landscape Approach to the conservation of floral diversity in Mediterranean urban coastal landscapes: Beirut seafront, International Journal of Environnemental Studies, 66, 167, 10.1080/00207230902859820 Compain, 2004, Le rôle économique de l’agriculture sur le littoral Libanais Cori, 1999, Spatial dynamics of Mediterranean coastal regions, Journal of Coastal Conservation, 5, 105, 10.1007/BF02802747 Davie M., 1996. Bayrout Al Qadimat: une ville arabe et sa banlieue à la fin du XVIIIème siècle-National Museum News 3 (http://www.almashriq.hiof.no/lebanon/900/902/MAY-Davie/Bayrout-al-Qadimat.html/13/03/2012). Diemer, 2003, Urban Wilderness in Central Europe Rewilding at the Urban Fringe, International Journal of Wilderness, 9 ELARD, 2011. “Vulnerability and adaptation of coastal zones”. The European LEADER Association for Rural Development. Study by the Ministry of Environment with support from the UNDP (http://www.moe.gov.lb/ClimateChange/pdf/SNC/d-Coastal%20Zones.pdf/15/03/2012). El Beyrouthy M., 2008. “Contribution à l’ethnopharmacologielibanaise et aux Lamiaceae du Liban”. Université Droit et Santé, Lille2, France (unpublished PhD Thesis). Hunter, 2007, The human impact on biological diversity. How species adapt to urban challenges sheds light on evolution and provides clues about conservation, EMBO Reports, 8, 316, 10.1038/sj.embor.7400951 Huybrechts, 2004, Enjeux de l’urbanisation des espaces agricoles du littoral Libanais Lteif C., 2010. “Urban Agriculture Landscapes in 21st Century Beirut”. Master of Urban Planning and Policy, American University of Beirut (unpublished). Makhzoumi, 1997, The changing role of rural landscapes: olive and carob multi-use tree plantations in the semiarid Mediterranean, Landscape and Urban Planning, 37, 115, 10.1016/S0169-2046(96)00376-3 Makhzoumi, 2011, Colonizing mountain, paving sea: Neoliberal politics and the right to landscape in Lebanon, 227 Makhzoumi, 2000, Landscape ecology as a foundation for landscape architecture: applications in Malta, Landscape and Urban Planning, 50, 167, 10.1016/S0169-2046(00)00088-8 Makhzoumi, 2008, Landscape Strategies, 351 Makhzoumi, 1999 Makhzoumi, J., Talhouk, S.N., Zurayk, R. and Sadek, R. 2012. “Landscape Approach to Bio-Cultural Diversity Conservation in Rural Lebanon”. In J Tiefenbacher (ed.) Nature Conservation: Patterns, Pressures and Prospects. Released online http://www.intechopen.com/articles/show/title/landscape-approach-to-bio-cultural-diversity-conservation-in-rural-lebanon/. Mehdi, S., 2004. “Coastal Area Management Programme” CAMP Lebanon – Damour. (http://www.pap-thecoastcentre.org/pdfs/DAMOUR%20ENGLISH%20REPORT.pdf/15/03/2012). Moore, 2005, Invertebrate biodiversity in agricultural and urban headwater streams: implications for conservation and management, Ecological Applications, 15, 1169, 10.1890/04-1484 Myers, 2010, Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities, Nature, 403, 853, 10.1038/35002501 Nader M. and Talhouk S.N., 2002.“Project for the preparation of a Strategic Action Plan for the conservation of biological Diversity in the Mediterranean Region”. Lebanon National Report. (http://www.moe.gov.lb/pdf/Biodiversity/Project%20for%20the%20preparation%20of%20a%20Strategic%20Action%20Plan.pdf/15/03/2012). Naveh, 2008, Forward, 9 Naveh, 1994, From biodiversity to ecodiversity: a landscape-ecology approach to conservation and restoration, Restoration Ecology, 2, 180, 10.1111/j.1526-100X.1994.tb00065.x Nasr, 2004, Introduction Paolinelli G., 2002. “Territorial landscape quality and ecological links in the reorganization of urban and suburban open spaces in Valdinievole in Tuscany”. Newsletter 6, Planning in Ecological Network, Planeco Project. University of L’Aquila, Italy (http://www.planeco.org/planeco/newsletters/pdf/newsletter6.pdf/14/03/2012). Sorace, 2001, Value to wildlife of urban-agricultural parks: a case study from Rome urban area, Environmental Management, 28, 547, 10.1007/s002670010243 Talhouk, 2005, “Status and prospects for the conservation of remnant semi-natural carob Ceratoniasiliqua L. populations in Lebanon”, Forest Ecology and Management, 206, 49, 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.10.053 Talhouk, 2005, “Patterns of floristic diversity in semi-natural coastal vegetation of Lebanon and implications for conservation”, Biodiversity and Conservation, 14, 903, 10.1007/s10531-004-0650-y Zasada I., Berges R.,Piorr A.,Schelafke N.,Werner A., Toussaint V.,Muller K., 2010. “Modeling approach for response functions on agricultural production, ecological regulation and recreation function. Peri-urban land use relationships – strategies and sustainability assessment tools for urban-rural linkages, integrated project” (http://www.z2.zalf.de/oa/562efdfc-e7ee-45cd-84f9-b8782855a067.pdf/14/03/2012). Zahreddine, 2004, Status of native species in threatened Mediterranean habitats: the case of Pancratium maritimum L. (sea daffodil) in Lebanon, Biological Conservation, 120, 11, 10.1016/j.biocon.2004.01.021 Zeder, 2008, Domestication and early agriculture in the Mediterranean Basin: origins, diffusion, and impact, PNAS, 105, 11597, 10.1073/pnas.0801317105