Holistic Design of Wetlands for Mine Water Treatment and Biodiversity: A Case Study
Tóm tắt
Passive treatment wetlands are conventionally designed with the primary objective of purifying contaminated mine water; any benefit of enhanced biodiversity is ancillary. We propose a new approach that incorporates enhanced biodiversity as an explicit objective. In this approach, treatment units are selected based on water flows and chemistry and the ecological requirements of key species are identified. Elements of the wetland design that meet these distinct requirements are selected and sized, then merged within the constraints imposed by site geomorphology and hydrology. This concept is illustrated with the wetland design for the Los Bronces Mine in Chile, where aspects of treatment, biodiversity, and water management were developed separately, and then integrated into a holistic design. The treatment wetlands are integrated within the local ecology. This approach adheres more closely to the objective of designing wetlands that offer ecosystem services and also meets the requirements for long-term water treatment.
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