Historic overview of treatment techniques for rib fractures and flail chest

Avery E, Morch E, Head J, Benson D. Severe crushing injuries of the chest; a new method of treatment with continuous hyperventilation by means of intermittent positive endotracheal insufflation. Q Bull Northwest Univ Med Sch. 1955;29(4):301–3.

Baumann J, Stieglitz P, Desmonts JM, Drutel P, Poyart C. Traitement des volets thoraciques. Ann Chir Thor Car. 1967;6(1):43–52.

Beltrami V, Martinelli G, Giansante P, Gentile K. An original technique for surgical stabilisation of traumatic flail chest. Thorax. 1978;33:528–9.

Berry F. Treatment of injuries to the chest. Am J Surg. 1941;54:280.

Carbognani P, Cattelani L, Bellini G, Rusca M. A technical proposal for the complex flail chest. Ann Thorac Surg. 2000;70:335–43.

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Cohen EA. Treatment of the flail chest by towel clip traction. Am J Surg. 1955;90(3):517–21.

Constantinescu O. A new method of treating the flail chest wall. Am J Surg. 1965;109:604–10.

Crutcher R, Nolen T. Multiple rib fracture with instability of chest wall. J Thorac Surg. 1956;32(1):15–21.

DeBakey M. Management of chest wounds, collective review. Surg Gynec Obstet. 1942;74:202.

Dor V, Paoli J, Noirclerc M, Malmejac C, Chauvin G, Pons R. Lósteosynthese des volets thoraciques technique, resultants et indications a propos de 19 observations. Ann Chir. 1967;21:983–96.

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Gardner C. Chest injuries. Surg Clin N Am. 1946;26:1082.

Garzon A, Seltzer B, Karlson K. Physiopathology of crushed chest injuries. Ann Surg. 1968;168(1):128–36.

Ginsberg R, Kostin R. 5 New approaches to the management of flail chest. Can Med Assoc J. 1977;116(6):613–5.

Glavas M, Altarac S, Vukas D, Ivancić A, Drazinić I, Gusić N, Celović R, Mirković I. Flail chest stabilization with palacos prosthesis. Acta Med Croatica. 2001;55(2):91–5.

Glinz W. Problems caused by the unstable thoracic wall and by cardiac injury due to blunt injury. Injury. 1986;17:322–6.

Granetzny A, Abd El-Aal M, Emam E, Shalaby A, Boseila A. Surgical versus conservative treatment of flail chest. Evaluation of the pulmonary status. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2005;4:583–7.

Guernelli N, Bragaglia R, Briccoli A, Mastrorilli M, Vecchi R. Technique for the management of anterior flail chest. Thorax. 1979;34:247–8.

Gyhra A, Torres P, Pino J, Palacios S, Cid L. Experimental flail chest: ventilatory function with fixation of flail segment in internal and external position. J Trauma 1996;40(6):977–9.

Hagen K. Multiple rib fractures treated with a drinker respirator: a case report. JBJS Am. 1945;27(2):330–4.

Heroy WW, Eggleston FC. A method of skeletal traction applied through the sternum in “steering wheel injuries of the chest.” Ann Surg. 1951;133:127.

Hoyt J. An apparatus for artificial respiration and for other purposes. J Physiol. 1902;27:48–52.

Ivancic A, Saftic I, Cicvaric T, Spanjol J, Stalekar H, Marinovic M, Markic D. Initial experience with external thoracic stabilization by the “figure of eight” osteosynthesis in polytraumatized patients with flail chest injury. Coll Antropol. 2009;33(1):51–6.

Jaslow I. Skeletal traction in the treatment of multiple fractures of the thoracic cage. Am J Surg. 1946;72(5):753–5.

Jones T, Richardson E. Traction on the sternum in the treatment of multiple fractured ribs. Surg Gynec Obstet. 1926;42:283.

Judet R. Osteosynthese costale. Rev Chir Orthop. 1973;59(1):334–5.

Klassen KP. Medullary pegging in thoracotomy incisions. J Thorac Surg. 1949;18(1):90–6.

Labitzke R, Schmit-Neuerburg K, Schramm G. Indikation zur thoracotomie und rippenstabilisierung beim thoraxtrauma im hohen lebensalter. Chirurg. 1980;51:567–80.

Landreneau R, Hinson J, Hazelrigg S, Johnson J, Boley T, Curti J. Strut fixation of an extensive flail chest. Ann Thorac Surg. 1991;51:473–5.

Lindenmaier H, Kuner E, Walz H. Operative treatment of the instability of thorax. Unfallchirurgie. 1990;16(4):172–7.

Nirula R, Diaz J, Trunkey D, Mayberry J. Rib fracture repair: Indications, technical issues, and future directions. World J Surg. 2009;33:14–22.

Paris F, Tarazona V, Blasco E, Canto A, Casillas M, Pastor J, Paris M, Montero R. Surgical stabilization of traumatic flail chest. Thorax. 1975;30:521–7.

Prentice G. Crush injuries of the chest. Nurs Times. 1967;7:451–3.

Relihan M, Litwin M. Morbidity and mortality associated with flail chest injury: a review of 85 cases. J Trauma. 1973;13(8):663–71.

Sales JR, Ellis TJ, Gillard J, Liu Q, Chen JC, Ham B, Mayberry JC. Biomechanical testing of a novel, minimally invasive rib fracture plating system. J Trauma. 2008;64(5):1270–4.

Sanchez-Lloret J, Letang E, Calleja MA, Canalis E. Indication and surgical treatment of the traumatic flail chest syndrome: an original technique. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1982;30:294–7.

Schrire T. Control of the crushed chest: the use of the “Cape Town Limpet.” Dis Chest. 1963;44:141–5.

Sillar W. The crushed chest. JBJS. 1961;43B(4):738–45.

Tanaka H, Yukioka T, Yamaguti Y, Shimizu S, Goto H, Matsuda H, Shimazaki S. Surgical stabilization of internal pneumatic stabilization? A prospective randomized study of the management of severe flail chest patients. J Trauma. 2002;52(4):727–32.

Vodicka J, Spidlen V, Safranek J, Simanek V, Altmann P. Severe injury to the chest wall—experience with Surgical therapy. Zentralbl Chir. 2007;132:542–6.

Voggenreiter G, Neudeck F, Aufmkolk M, Obertacke U, Schmit-Neuerburg K. Behandlungsergebnisse der operativen thoraxwandstabilisierung bei instabilem thorax mit und ohne lungenkontusion. Unfallchirurg. 1996;99:425–34.

Williams M. Severe crushing injury to the chest. Ann Surg. 1948;128(5):1006–11.