Hipersensibilidad retardada y necrosis caseosa en el granuloma tuberculoso. Nuevas ideas para el diseño de una nueva vacuna contra la tuberculosis humana

Fine, 1989, The BCG story: lessons from the past and implications for the future, Rev Infect Dis, 11, 353, 10.1093/clinids/11.Supplement_2.S353 Lefford, 1984, Diseases in mice and rats, 38, 947 Lucas, 1998, Histopathology, 8, 113 Koch, 1891, Witere Mitteilungen über ein Heilmittel gegen Tuberculose, Dtsch Med Wochenschr, 171, 101, 10.1055/s-0029-1206198 Bothamley, 1991, The Koch phenomenon and delayed hypersensitivity: 1891-1991, Tubercle, 72, 7, 10.1016/0041-3879(91)90018-N Bristowe, 1891, The Koch method of treatment for tuberculosis, Br Med J, 1, 893, 10.1136/bmj.1.1582.893 Von Pirquet, 1909, Demonstration zur Tuberculindiagnose durch Hautimpfung, Berl Klin Wochenschr, 481, 699 Coombs, 1975, Classification of allergic reactions responsible for hypersensitivity and disease, 761 Janeway, 1997 Beck, 1989, The relation between cutaneous blood flow and cell content in the tuberculin reaction, Scand J Immunol, 29, 33, 10.1111/j.1365-3083.1989.tb01096.x Lurie, 1964 Dannenberg, 1991, Delayed-type hypersensitivity and cell-mediated immunity in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis, Immunol Today, 12, 228, 10.1016/0167-5699(91)90035-R Dannenberg, 1994, Rabbit model of tuberculosis, 149 Dannenberg, 1994, AM Pathogenesis and immunology: basic aspects, 2, 17 Andersen, 1991, Proteins released form Mycobacterium tuberculosis during growth, Infect Immun, 59, 1905, 10.1128/IAI.59.6.1905-1910.1991 Orme, 1997, Progress in the development of new vaccines against tuberculosis, Int J Tuberc Lung Dis, 1, 95 Rook, 1991, Cytokines and the Koch phenomenon, Tubercle, 72, 13, 10.1016/0041-3879(91)90019-O Shwartzman, 1937 Orme, 1995 Orme, 1994, Mouse model of tuberculosis, 8, 113 North, 1971, The action of cortisone acetate on cell-mediated immunity to infection. Suppression of host cell proliferation and alteration of cellular composition of infective foci, J Exp Med, 134, 1485, 10.1084/jem.134.6.1485 Chan, 1992, Killing of virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis by reactive nitrogen intermediates produced by activated murine macrophages, J Exp Med, 175, 1111, 10.1084/jem.175.4.1111 Laochumroonvorapong, 1997, Mycobacterial growth and sensitivity to H202 killing in human monocytes in vitro, Infect Immun, 65, 4850, 10.1128/IAI.65.11.4850-4857.1997 D'Souza, 1997, An anti-inflammatory role for γδT lymphocytes in acquired immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, J Immunol, 158, 1217 Orme, 1996, The immune response to tuberculosis in animal models, 22, 269 Scott, 1993, IL-12: initiation cytokine for cell-mediated immunity, Science, 260, 496, 10.1126/science.8097337 Griffin, 1994, Evolution of CD4 T cell subsets in naive and memory immune mice infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Infect Immun, 62, 1683, 10.1128/IAI.62.5.1683-1690.1994 Orme, 1988, Characteristics and specificity of acquired immunologic memory to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, J Immunol, 140, 3589 Johnson, 1998, Adequate expression of protective immunity in the absence of granuloma formation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected mice with a disruption in the intracellular adhesion molecule 1 gene, Infect Immun, 66, 1666, 10.1128/IAI.66.4.1666-1670.1998 Orme, 1988, Induction of nonspecific acquired resistance and delayed-type hypersensitivity, but not specific acquired resistance, in mice inoculated with killed mycobacterial vaccines, Infect Immun, 56, 3310, 10.1128/IAI.56.12.3310-3312.1988 Andersen, 1997, Host responses and antigens involved in protective immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Scand J Immunol, 45, 115, 10.1046/j.1365-3083.1997.d01-380.x Orme, 1999, New vaccines against tuberculosis. The status of current research, Infect Dis Clin North Am, 13, 169, 10.1016/S0891-5520(05)70049-0 Cardona, 2000, Evolution of pulmonary granuloma in mice infected aerogenically with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Scan J Immunol, 52, 163, 10.1046/j.1365-3083.2000.00763.x Katzenstein, 1990 Green, 1973, Alveolobronchiolar transport mechanisms, Arch Intern Med, 131, 109, 10.1001/archinte.1973.00320070105012 Hernández Pando, 1997, Analysis of the local kinetics and localization of interleukin-1 and transforming growth factor-β, during the course of experimental pulmonary tuberculosis, Immunology, 90, 607, 10.1046/j.1365-2567.1997.00193.x North, 1995, Mycobacterium tuberculosis is strikingly more virulent for mice when given via the respiratory than via the intravenous route, J Infect Dis, 172, 1550, 10.1093/infdis/172.6.1550 Cardona, 1999, The intravenous model of murine tuberculosis is less pathogenic than the aerogenic model owing to a more rapid induction of systemic immunity, Scand J Immunol, 49, 362, 10.1046/j.1365-3083.1999.00522.x Orme, 1998, Cellular and genetic mechanisms underlying susceptibility of animal models to tuberculosis infection. Genetics and tuberculosis. Wiley,Chichester, Novartis Foundation Symposium 217, ., 112, 10.1002/0470846526.ch8 Cooper, 1993, Disseminated tuberculosis in IFN-γ gene-disrupted mice, J Exp Med, 178, 2243, 10.1084/jem.178.6.2243 Cardona, 2000, Clin Microb Infect, 6, 117, 10.1046/j.1469-0691.2000.00014.x Roach, 1993, Macrophage activation: lipoarabinomannan from avirulent and virulent strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis differentially induces the early genes c fos, KC, JE and tumor necrosis factor-α, J Immunol, 150, 1886 Weiss, 1989, Tissue destruction by neutrophils, N Engl J Med, 320, 365, 10.1056/NEJM198902093200606 Smith, 1984, Diseases in guinea pigs, 925 Lurie, 1952, On the response of genetically resistant and susceptible rabbits to the quantitative inhalation of human type tubercle bacilli and the nature of resistance to tuberculosis, J Exp Med, 95, 119, 10.1084/jem.95.2.119 Pais, 1998, Analysis of T cells recruited during delayed-type hypersensitivity to purified protein derivative (PPD) versus LPS-inoculation with tuberculosis infection, Immunology, 95, 69, 10.1046/j.1365-2567.1998.00561.x Comstock, 1964, A comparison in the United States of America of tuberculins PPD and RT23, WHO Bull, 31, 2 Lucas, 1994, Pathogenesis of tuberculosis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected people, 29, 503 Molly, 1994, Apoptosis, but not necrosis, of infected monocytes is coupled with killing of intracellular bacillus Calmette-Guérin, J Exp Med, 180, 1499, 10.1084/jem.180.4.1499 Placido, 1997, Apoptosis of human monocytes/macrophages in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, J Pathol, 181, 31, 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9896(199701)181:1<31::AID-PATH722>3.0.CO;2-G Kenae, 1997, Infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis promotes human alveolar macrophage apoptosis, Infect Immun, 65, 298, 10.1128/IAI.65.1.298-304.1997 Mitchinson, 1979, Basic mechanisms of chemotherapy, Chest, 76, 771, 10.1378/chest.76.6_Supplement.771 Grosset, 1980, Bacteriologic basis of short-course chemotherapy for tuberculosis, Clin Chest Med, 1, 231, 10.1016/S0272-5231(21)00072-1 Mustafa, 1999, A model for slowly progressive primary tuberculosis, Scand J Immunol, 50, 127, 10.1046/j.1365-3083.1999.00596.x Glatman-Freedman, 1998, Serum therapy for tuberculosis revisited: reappraisal of the role of antibody-mediated immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Clin Microb Rev, 11, 514, 10.1128/CMR.11.3.514 Cardona, 1999, Int J Tuberc Lung Dis, 3, 182 Moulding, 1994, Pathophysiology and immunology: clinical aspects, 3, 41 Janeway, 1997 Orme, 1999, New vaccines against tuberculosis. The status of current research, Infect Dis Clin North Am, 13, 169, 10.1016/S0891-5520(05)70049-0 Sterne, 1998, Does the efficacy of BCG decline with time since vaccination, Int J Tuberc Lung Dis, 2, 200 Rieder, 1999 Van Rie, 1999, Exogenous reinfection as a cause of recurrent tuberculosis after curative treatment, N Engl J Med, 341, 1174, 10.1056/NEJM199910143411602 Glynn, 1999, Influence of sampling on estimates of clustering and recent transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis derived from DNA fingerprinting techniques, Am J Epidemiol, 149, 366, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009822 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Development of new vaccines for tuberculosis. Recommendations of the Advisory Council for the Elimination of Tuberculosis (ACET). MMWR 1998; 47:RR-13. P.