Hindered amine light stabilizers in pigmented coatings
Tóm tắt
It is common practice to combine hindered amine light stabilizers (HALS) with UV absorbers (UVA) for optimal protection of coatings and plastics. The ratio of UVA and HALS strongly depends on the concentration of pigments (acting as UVA) used in the paint; that is, a clearcoatings require higher amounts of UVA, whereas opaque pigmented coatings require higher amounts of HALS. Here, especially basic HALS types can interfere with paint components like, for example, pigments due to acid/base interactions. In this article, we want to discuss the influence of HALS basicity on long-term performance in opaque white pigmented solventborne (SB) and waterborne (WB) coatings for industrial applications in correlation to the quality of the used TiO2.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Valet, A, Light Stabilizers for Paints, pp. 45–128. C.R. Vincentz Verlag, Hannover, Germany (1997). ISBN: 3878704437
Pospisil, J., Nespurek, S. (2000) Photostabilization of coatings. Mechanisms and performance, Progress in Polymer Science, 25(9), 1261–1335
Bauer, D.R. (1995) Kinetics of photooxidation and photostabilization in crosslinked polymer coatings, Polymer Degradation and Stability, 48, 259–267.
Decker, C., Biry, S., Zahouily, K. (1995) Photostabilisation of organic coatings, Polymer Degradation and Stability 49, 111–119.
Keck, J., Stüber, G.J., Kramer, H.E.A. (1997) Deactivation processes of 2-hydroxyphenyl–1,3,5-triazines: Polymeric and monomeric UV absorbers of the benzotriazole and triazine class, Angewandte Macromolekulare Chemie 252, 119–138
Schaller, C., Rogez, D., Braig, A. (2008) Hydroxyphenyl-s-triazines: Advanced multi-purpose UV-absorbers for coatings, Journal of Coatings Technology and Research 5(1), 25–31
Stährfeld, A, Braig, A, “Advanced UV Protection of Automotive Clear Coatings.” Proceedings from the XXVI FATIPEC Congress, Dresden, Germany (2002)
Kurumada, T., Ohsawa, H., Yamazaki, T. (1987) Synergism of hindered amine light stabilizers and UV-absorbers, Polymer Degradation and Stability, 19(3), 263–272
Klemchuk, P.P., Gande, M.E. (1988) Stabilization mechanisms of hindered amines, Polymer Degradation and Stability, 22, 241–274
Klemchuk, P,P., Gande, M.E., Cordola, E. (1990) Hindered amine mechanisms. III: Investigations using isotopic labeling, Polymer Degradation and Stability, 27, 65–74
Pospisil, J., Klemchuk, P.P. (1990) Oxidative deterioration processes in organic materials in: Pospisil, J., Klemchuk, P.P., editors. Oxidation Inhibition in Organic Materials, Vol. 1. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1–10
Hayoz, P, Peter, W, Rogez, D, “Improved Photoprotection of Wood and Durability Improvement of Wood Coatings.” Proceedings from the 3rd Wood Coatings Congress, The Hague, Netherlands, 2002
Hayoz, P., Peter, W., Rogez, D. (2003) Verbesserter Lichtschutz für Holzsubstrate: Farbstabilisierung bei naturbelassenen und gebeizten Hölzern für den Innenbereich, Farbe und Lack, 109(7), 26–33
Schaller, C., Rogez, D. (2006) Defended from the sun, European Coatings Journal, 12, 22–27
Zeren, S, “UV Stabilisation of Powder Clear Coats.” Proceedings from the XXVI FATIPEC Congress, Dresden, Germany, 2002
Cliff, N., Adamson, K., Kanouni, M., Yaneff, P. (2004) Migration of reactable UVA and HALS in automotive plastic coatings, Journal of Coatings Technology and Research, 1(3), 201–212.
Gugumus, F. (1995) The performance of light stabilizers in accelerated and natural weathering, Polymer Degradation and Stability, 50, 101–116
Sampers, J. (2002) Importance of weathering factors other than UV radiation and temperature in outdoor Exposure, Polymer Degradation and Stability, 76, 455–465
Scoponi, M., Cimmino, S., Kaci, M. (2000) Photo-stabilisation mechanism under natural weathering and accelerated photo-oxidative conditions of LDPE Films for agricultural applications, Polymer Degradation and Stability, 41, 7969–7980
Landyult, T., Rogez, D. (2008) Hiding the hydrophobicity - encapsulated organic light stabilizer, European Coating Journal, 4(8), 34–38
Peter, W, Schaller, C, Schellenberg, C, Rogez, D, “A New Concept of Aqueous Additive Preparations for Water-Borne Coatings.” Proceedings from the Water-Borne and High-Solids Coatings Conference, Brussels, Belgium, 2006
Turton, T.J., White, J.R. (2001) Effect of stabilizer and pigment on photo-degradation depth profiles in polypropylene, Polymer Degradation and Stability, 74, 559–568
Schaller, C., Rogez, D., (2007) New approaches in wood coating stabilization, Journal of Coating Technology and Research, 4(4), 401–409
Liauwa, C.M., Childs, A., Allen, N.S., Edge, M., Franklin, K.R., Collopy, D.G. (1999) Effect of interactions between stabilisers and silica used for anti-blocking applications on UV and thermal stability of polyolefin film, Polymer Degradation and Stability, 65, 207–215
Haacke, G., Longordo, E., Andrawes, F.F., Campbell, B.H. (1998) Interactions between light stabilizers and pigment particles in polymeric coatings, Progress in Organic Coatings, 34, 75–83
Kittel, H, Spille, J, Lehrbuch der Lacke und Beschichtungen, Band 5: Pigmente, Füllstoffe und Farbmetrik, 5.2.1.1.4. “Nachbehandlung”, 2.Auflage, pp. 31–32. Hirzel S. Verlag, Stuttgart, Germany (2003). ISBN: 9783777610153