Hindcast and validation of Hurricane Ike (2008) waves, forerunner, and storm surge

Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans - Tập 118 Số 9 - Trang 4424-4460 - 2013
Mark Hope1, Joannes J. Westerink1, Andrew B. Kennedy1, P. C. Kerr1, J. C. Dietrich1, Clint Dawson2, C.J. Bender3, Jane McKee Smith4, Robert E. Jensen4, Marcel Zijlema5, L.H. Holthuijsen5, Rick Luettich6, Mark D. Powell7, Vincent J. Cardone8, Andrew T. Cox8, Hasan Pourtaheri9, Hugh J.R. Roberts10, J. H. Atkinson10, S. Tanaka1, H. J. Westerink1, L. G. Westerink1
1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
2Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
3Taylor Engineering, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
4Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, Mississippi, USA
5Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
6Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
7Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Labs, Hurricane Research Division, NOAA, Miami, Florida, USA
8Oceanweather Inc., Cos Cob, Connecticut, USA
9New Orleans District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
10ARCADIS, Boulder, Colarado, USA

Tóm tắt

Hurricane Ike (2008) made landfall near Galveston, Texas, as a moderate intensity storm. Its large wind field in conjunction with the Louisiana‐Texas coastline's broad shelf and large scale concave geometry generated waves and surge that impacted over 1000 km of coastline. Ike's complex and varied wave and surge response physics included: the capture of surge by the protruding Mississippi River Delta; the strong influence of wave radiation stress gradients on the Delta adjacent to the shelf break; the development of strong wind driven shore‐parallel currents and the associated geostrophic setup; the forced early rise of water in coastal bays and lakes facilitating inland surge penetration; the propagation of a free wave along the southern Texas shelf; shore‐normal peak wind‐driven surge; and resonant and reflected long waves across a wide continental shelf. Preexisting and rapidly deployed instrumentation provided the most comprehensive hurricane response data of any previous hurricane. More than 94 wave parameter time histories, 523 water level time histories, and 206 high water marks were collected throughout the Gulf in deep water, along the nearshore, and up to 65 km inland. Ike's highly varied physics were simulated using SWAN + ADCIRC, a tightly coupled wave and circulation model, on SL18TX33, a new unstructured mesh of the Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, and western Atlantic Ocean with high resolution of the Gulf's coastal floodplain from Alabama to the Texas‐Mexico border. A comprehensive validation was made of the model's ability to capture the varied physics in the system.

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Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans

Tập 118 Số 9

4424-4460

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