Tỷ lệ tử vong cao hơn ở phụ nữ sống trong các khu vực tham gia cao của nghiên cứu can thiệp sức khỏe cộng đồng và lối sống

International Journal of Public Health - Tập 64 - Trang 107-114 - 2018
Anne Mette Bender1, Torben Jørgensen2, Charlotta Pisinger3
1Department of Public Health, Section of Social Medicine, CSS, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
2Faculty of Health Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
3Centre for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark

Tóm tắt

Mục tiêu là nghiên cứu xem liệu ảnh hưởng của kiểm tra sức khỏe dựa trên quần thể và can thiệp lối sống có khác nhau tùy theo tỷ lệ tham gia nghiên cứu hay không. Tất cả những người sống ở 73 khu vực thuộc Hạt Copenhagen, Đan Mạch, đã được đưa vào thử nghiệm ngẫu nhiên Inter99 vào năm 1999 (nhóm can thiệp n = 11,483; nhóm đối chứng n = 47,122). Tất cả những người trong nhóm can thiệp đều được mời tham gia kiểm tra sức khỏe và được tư vấn lối sống nếu họ có nguy cơ cao mắc bệnh tim thiếu máu cục bộ. Các khu vực được chia thành tỷ lệ tham gia kiểm tra sức khỏe thấp 35–49%, trung bình 50–54% và cao ≥ 55%. Tất cả những người được theo dõi trong các hồ sơ trong 10 năm về tỷ lệ tử vong theo nguyên nhân. Ở các khu vực có tỷ lệ tham gia cao, có nguy cơ tử vong liên quan đến lối sống (HR 1.37 [1.04, 1.79]) và tử vong do ung thư (HR 1.47 [1.08, 2.02]) ở phụ nữ trong nhóm can thiệp cao hơn nhiều so với nhóm đối chứng. Đối với các trường hợp tử vong do ung thư liên quan đến thuốc lá, sự khác biệt còn rõ rệt hơn. Trong khi đó, ở nam giới, không thấy sự khác biệt đáng kể về tỷ lệ tử vong giữa các nhóm đối chứng và can thiệp. Kết quả của bài báo này cho thấy rằng ở phụ nữ, việc kiểm tra sức khỏe và can thiệp lối sống có thể làm tăng nguy cơ tử vong liên quan đến lối sống và ung thư.

Từ khóa

#sức khỏe cộng đồng #can thiệp lối sống #tỷ lệ tử vong #kiểm tra sức khỏe #nghiên cứu ngẫu nhiên

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