High tumor uptake of 64Cu: Implications for molecular imaging of tumor characteristics with copper-based PET tracers

Dehdashti, 2008, Assessing tumor hypoxia in cervical cancer by PET with 60Cu-labeled diacetyl-bis(N4-methylthiosemicarbazone), J Nucl Med, 49, 201, 10.2967/jnumed.107.048520 Anderson, 2001, 64Cu-TETA-octreotide as a PET imaging agent for patients with neuroendocrine tumors, J Nucl Med, 42, 213 Wadas, 2009, Targeting the alphavbeta3 integrin for small-animal PET/CT of osteolytic bone metastases, J Nucl Med, 50, 1873, 10.2967/jnumed.109.067140 Chen, 2009, Quantitative PET imaging of VEGF receptor expression, Mol Imaging Biol, 11, 15, 10.1007/s11307-008-0172-1 Ikawa, 2011, Evaluation of striatal oxidative stress in patients with Parkinson's disease using [62Cu]ATSM PET, Nucl Med Biol, 38, 945, 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2011.02.016 Persson, 2012, Quantitative PET of human urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor with 64Cu-DOTA-AE105: implications for visualizing cancer invasion, J Nucl Med, 53, 138, 10.2967/jnumed.110.083386 Blower, 1996, Copper radionuclides and radiopharmaceuticals in nuclear medicine, Nucl Med Biol, 23, 957, 10.1016/S0969-8051(96)00130-8 Linder, 1996, Copper biochemistry and molecular biology, Am J Clin Nutr, 63, 797S Gupta, 2009, Human copper transporters: mechanism, role in human diseases and therapeutic potential, Future Med Chem, 1, 1125, 10.4155/fmc.09.84 Gupte, 2009, Elevated copper and oxidative stress in cancer cells as a target for cancer treatment, Cancer Treat Rev, 35, 32, 10.1016/j.ctrv.2008.07.004 Cohen, 1979, Altered copper absorption in tumor-bearing and estrogen-treated rats, Am J Physiol, 236, E309 Apelgot, 1986, Altered distribution of copper (64Cu) in tumor-bearing mice and rats, Anticancer Res, 6, 159 Bush, 1955, Studies on copper metabolism. XIV. Radioactive copper studies in normal subjects and in patients with hepatolenticular degeneration, J Clin Invest, 34, 1766, 10.1172/JCI103232 Osborn, 1969, Studies with radioactive copper (64Cu and 67Cu): abdominal scintiscans in patients with Wilson's disease, Q J Med, 38, 467 Walshe, 1977, The pattern of the whole body distribution of radioactive copper (67Cu, 64Cu) in Wilson's Disease and various control groups, Q J Med, 46, 445 Peng, 2012, Imaging copper metabolism imbalance in Atp7b (−/−) knockout mouse model of Wilson's disease with PET–CT and orally administered (64)CuCl (2), Mol Imaging Biol, 14, 600, 10.1007/s11307-011-0532-0 Peng, 2012, Positron emission tomography of copper metabolism in the Atp7b, Mol Imaging Biol, 14, 70, 10.1007/s11307-011-0476-4 Raynaud, 1973, Lung cancer diagnosis with 67Cu: preliminary results, J Nucl Med, 14, 947 Peng, 2006, PET of human prostate cancer xenografts in mice with increased uptake of 64CuCl2, J Nucl Med, 47, 1649 Zhang, 2011, Positron emission tomography of human hepatocellular carcinoma xenografts in mice using copper (II)-64 chloride as a tracer with copper (II)-64 chloride, Acad Radiol, 18, 1561, 10.1016/j.acra.2011.08.006 Jensen, 2008, Tumor volume in subcutaneous mouse xenografts measured by microCT is more accurate and reproducible than determined by 18F-FDG-microPET or external caliper, BMC Med Imaging, 8, 16, 10.1186/1471-2342-8-16 Schroeder, 2006, The RIN: an RNA integrity number for assigning integrity values to RNA measurements, BMC Mol Biol, 7, 3, 10.1186/1471-2199-7-3 Vandesompele, 2002, Accurate normalization of real-time quantitative RT-PCR data by geometric averaging of multiple internal control genes, Genome Biol, 3, 0034.1, 10.1186/gb-2002-3-7-research0034 Hellemans, 2007, qBase relative quantification framework and software for management and automated analysis of real-time quantitative PCR data, Genome Biol, 8, R19, 10.1186/gb-2007-8-2-r19 Weiss, 1985, Copper transport in rats involving a new plasma protein, Am J Physiol, 249, E77 Owen, 1965, Metabolism of radiocopper (Cu64) in the rat, Am J Physiol, 209, 900, 10.1152/ajplegacy.1965.209.5.900 Petris, 2003, Copper-stimulated endocytosis and degradation of the human copper transporter, hCtr1, J Biol Chem, 278, 9639, 10.1074/jbc.M209455200 Klomp, 2002, Biochemical characterization and subcellular localization of human copper transporter 1 (hCTR1), Biochem J, 364, 497, 10.1042/bj20011803 Bass, 2000, In vivo transchelation of copper-64 from TETA-octreotide to superoxide dismutase in rat liver, Bioconjug Chem, 11, 527, 10.1021/bc990167l Sun, 2003, In vivo behavior of copper-64-labeled methanephosphonate tetraaza macrocyclic ligands, J Biol Inorg Chem, 8, 217, 10.1007/s00775-002-0408-5 Boswell, 2004, Comparative in vivo stability of copper-64-labeled cross-bridged and conventional tetraazamacrocyclic complexes, J Med Chem, 47, 1465, 10.1021/jm030383m