High levels of CRP in morbid obesity: the central role of adipose tissue and lessons for clinical practice before and after bariatric surgery

Dalmas, 2011, Variations in circulating inflammatory factors are related to changes in calorie and carbohydrate intakes early in the course of surgery-induced weight reduction, Am J Clin Nutr, 94, 450, 10.3945/ajcn.111.013771

Lumeng, 2013, Innate immune activation in obesity, Mol Aspects Med, 34, 12, 10.1016/j.mam.2012.10.002

Weisberg, 2003, Obesity is associated with macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue, J Clin Invest, 112, 1796, 10.1172/JCI200319246

Curat, 2004, From blood monocytes to adipose tissue-resident macrophages: induction of diapedesis by human mature adipocytes, Diabetes, 53, 1285, 10.2337/diabetes.53.5.1285

Cancello, 2006, Increased infiltration of macrophages in omental adipose tissue is associated with marked hepatic lesions in morbid human obesity, Diabetes, 55, 1554, 10.2337/db06-0133

Haverkate, 1997, Production of C-reactive protein and risk of coronary events in stable and unstable angina. European Concerted Action on Thrombosis and Disabilities Angina Pectoris Study Group, Lancet, 15, 462, 10.1016/S0140-6736(96)07591-5

Kaptoge, 2012, C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, and cardiovascular disease prediction, N Engl J Med, 367, 1310, 10.1056/NEJMoa1107477

Danesh, 1998, Association of fibrinogen, C-reactive protein, albumin, or leukocyte count with coronary heart disease: meta-analyses of prospective studies, JAMA, 279, 1477, 10.1001/jama.279.18.1477

Choi, 2013, Obesity and C-reactive protein in various populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Obes Rev, 14, 232, 10.1111/obr.12003

Poitou, 2006, Serum amyloid A: a marker of adiposity-induced low-grade inflammation but not of metabolic status, Obesity (Silver Spring), 14, 309, 10.1038/oby.2006.40

Abdennour, 2014, Association of adipose tissue and liver fibrosis with tissue stiffness in morbid obesity: links with diabetes and BMI loss after gastric bypass, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 99, 898, 10.1210/jc.2013-3253

Tordjman, 2009, Association between omental adipose tissue macrophages and liver histopathology in morbid obesity: influence of glycemic status, J Hepatol, 51, 354, 10.1016/j.jhep.2009.02.031

Bedossa, 2012, Lesions in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, Rev Prat, 62, 1419

Van Dielen, 2001, Increased leptin concentrations correlate with increased concentrations of inflammatory markers in morbidly obese individuals, Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 25, 1759, 10.1038/sj.ijo.0801825

Zimmermann E, Anty R, Tordjman J, et al. C-reactive protein levels in relation to various features of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among obese patients. J Hepatol 2011;55:660–5.

Chen, 2009, Serum C-reactive protein and white blood cell count in morbidly obese surgical patients, Obes Surg, 19, 461, 10.1007/s11695-008-9619-3

Iannelli, 2009, Impact of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass on metabolic syndrome, inflammation, and insulin resistance in super versus morbidly obese women, Obes Surg, 19, 577, 10.1007/s11695-008-9764-8

Eklund, 2009, Proinflammatory cytokines in CRP baseline regulation, Adv Clin Chem, 48, 111, 10.1016/S0065-2423(09)48005-3

Ciftci, 2004, The relationship between serum cytokine levels with obesity and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, Cytokine, 21, 87, 10.1016/j.cyto.2004.07.003

Poitou, 2006, Serum amyloid A and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome before and after surgically-induced weight loss in morbidly obese subjects, Obes Surg, 16, 1475, 10.1381/096089206778870111

Steiropoulos, 2010, Inflammatory markers in middle-aged obese subjects: does obstructive sleep apnea syndrome play a role?, Mediators Inflamm, 2010, 675320, 10.1155/2010/675320

Pardina, 2012, Only C-reactive protein, but not TNF-α or IL6, reflects the improvement in inflammation after bariatric surgery, Obes Surg, 22, 131, 10.1007/s11695-011-0546-3

Anty, 2006, The inflammatory C-reactive protein is increased in both liver and adipose tissue in severely obese patients independently from metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and NASH, Am J Gastroenterol, 101, 1824, 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2006.00724.x

van den Borst, 2011, Low-grade adipose tissue inflammation in patients with mild-to-moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Am J Clin Nutr, 94, 1504, 10.3945/ajcn.111.023911