High Mortality Without ESCAPE: The Registry of Heart Failure Patients Receiving Pulmonary Artery Catheters Without Randomization

Eisenberg, 1984, Clinical evaluation compared to pulmonary artery catheterization in the hemodynamic assessment of critically ill patients, Crit Care Med, 12, 549, 10.1097/00003246-198407000-00001

Swan, 1970, Catheterization of the heart in man with use of a flow-directed balloon-tipped catheter, N Engl J Med, 283, 447, 10.1056/NEJM197008272830902

Hunt, 2005, J Am Coll Cardiol, 46, e1, 10.1016/j.jacc.2005.08.022

Zaroff, 2002, Consensus conference report: maximizing use of organs recovered from the cadaver donor: cardiac recommendations March 28-29, 2001, Crystal City, Va, Circulation, 106, 836, 10.1161/01.CIR.0000025587.40373.75

Stevenson, 1986, Maintenance of cardiac output with normal filling pressures in patients with dilated heart failure, Circulation, 74, 1303, 10.1161/01.CIR.74.6.1303

Stevenson, 1990, Exercise capacity for survivors of cardiac transplantation or sustained medical therapy for stable heart failure, Circulation, 81, 78, 10.1161/01.CIR.81.1.78

Stevenson, 1990, Afterload reduction with vasodilators and diuretics decreases mitral regurgitation during upright exercise in advanced heart failure, J Am Coll Cardiol, 15, 174, 10.1016/0735-1097(90)90196-V

Steimle, 1997, Sustained hemodynamic efficacy of therapy tailored to reduce filling pressures in survivors with advanced heart failure, Circulation, 96, 1165, 10.1161/01.CIR.96.4.1165

Connors, 1996, The effectiveness of right heart catheterization in the initial care of critically ill patients. SUPPORT Investigators, JAMA, 276, 889, 10.1001/jama.276.11.889

Shah, 2001, Evaluation study of congestive heart failure and pulmonary artery catheterization effectiveness (ESCAPE): design and rationale, Am Heart J, 141, 528, 10.1067/mhj.2001.113995

2005, The Escape Investigators and Escape Study Coordinators. Evaluation study of congestive heart failure and pulmonary artery catheterization effectiveness: the ESCAPE trial, JAMA, 294, 1625, 10.1001/jama.294.13.1625

Shah, 2005, Impact of the pulmonary artery catheter in critically ill patients: meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials, JAMA, 294, 1664, 10.1001/jama.294.13.1664

Wiener, 2007, Trends in the use of the pulmonary artery catheter in the United States, 1993-2004, JAMA, 298, 423, 10.1001/jama.298.4.423

National Death IndexNational Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/ndi.htm. Accessed January 23, 2007.

2003

Elkayam, 2007, Use and impact of inotropes and vasodilator therapy in hospitalized patients with severe heart failure, Am Heart J, 153, 98, 10.1016/j.ahj.2006.09.005

Kennedy, 1981, Clinical and angiographic predictors of operative mortality from the collaborative study in coronary artery surgery (CASS), Circulation, 63, 793, 10.1161/01.CIR.63.4.793

Feit, 2000, Long-term clinical outcome in the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation Registry: comparison with the randomized trial. BARI Investigators, Circulation, 101, 2795, 10.1161/01.CIR.101.24.2795

Hochman, 2000, Cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction—etiologies, management and outcome: a report from the SHOCK Trial Registry. SHould we emergently revascularize Occluded Coronaries for cardiogenic shocK?, J Am Coll Cardiol, 36, 1063, 10.1016/S0735-1097(00)00879-2

Wiedemann, 2006, Comparison of two fluid-management strategies in acute lung injury, N Engl J Med, 354, 2564, 10.1056/NEJMoa062200

Drazner, 2005, Utility of the history and physical examination in assessing hemodynamics in patients with advanced heart failure: The ESCAPE trial, Circulation, 112, 640

Yamokoski, 2007, Prediction of rehospitalization and death in severe heart failure by physicians and nurses of the ESCAPE trial, J Card Fail, 13, 8, 10.1016/j.cardfail.2006.10.002

Abraham, 2005, In-hospital mortality in patients with acute decompensated heart failure requiring intravenous vasoactive medications: an analysis from the Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry (ADHERE), J Am Coll Cardiol, 46, 57, 10.1016/j.jacc.2005.03.051