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Những loài xâm lấn thảo mộc trong rừng ôn đới: một tổng quan hệ sinh thái và các cơ chế xâm lấn được đề xuất
Tóm tắt
Chúng tôi trình bày một tổng quan hệ thống về tài liệu liên quan đến sự xâm lấn của các loài thảo mộc lạ trong tầng dưới của rừng, tập trung vào các khu rừng ở Đông Á (EAS) và Đông Bắc Mỹ (ENA), hai vùng miền chính của hệ sinh thái rừng rụng lá ôn đới. Chúng tôi đã xem xét nguồn gốc sinh địa lý của các loài xâm lấn thảo mộc trong rừng EAS và ENA, tóm tắt lịch sử sinh trưởng và sinh thái của chúng, và tổng hợp tài liệu liên quan đến 10 giả thuyết cơ chế hàng đầu được đề xuất cho các cuộc xâm lấn này. Chúng tôi đã đặt câu hỏi liệu sự xâm lấn của các loài thảo mộc ở rừng EAS và ENA có điểm chung giữa hai vùng hay không, và liệu có một tập hợp các đặc điểm sinh thái chung nào kết hợp các loài xâm lấn này thành một nhóm chức năng khác biệt hay không. Trong một tóm tắt tập trung về tài liệu thực nghiệm, chúng tôi đã điều tra xem các cơ chế giả thuyết chính cho sự xâm lấn sinh học nói chung cũng được áp dụng và hỗ trợ cho nhóm loài này có tầm quan trọng sinh thái, nhưng tương đối chưa được nghiên cứu nhiều. Khác với ENA, các loài xâm lấn trong rừng EAS chủ yếu là thảo mộc (78% cuộc xâm lấn rừng so với 34% của ENA) và xuất phát từ các vùng khác nhau. Các họ thực vật được đại diện và các đặc điểm loài giữa các vùng cũng khác nhau. Trong một loài đơn lẻ, nhiều cơ chế xâm lấn thường được hỗ trợ, làm nổi bật sự cần thiết cho nghiên cứu trong tương lai điều tra đồng thời nhiều giả thuyết cơ chế. Hơn nữa, vì kết quả cho một loài xâm lấn đơn lẻ thường khác nhau theo không gian và thời gian, việc chuyển hướng trọng tâm để kết hợp các động lực phức tạp trên các thang thời gian và không gian cùng với việc xem xét tính không đồng nhất không gian và mối tương tác giữa các yếu tố tự nhiên và nhân tạo là cần thiết để nghiên cứu những cuộc xâm lấn lạ.
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#xâm lấn sinh học #thảo mộc #rừng ôn đới #sinh thái #giả thuyết cơ chếTài liệu tham khảo
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