Hepatic metabolism of xenobiotics with reference to anaesthesia

Abernethy, 1983, Enhanced glucuronide conjugation of drugs in obesity: studies of lorazepam, oxazepam, and acetaminophen, Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine, 101, 873 Amodio, 1991, Theophylline pharmacokinetics and liver function indexes in chronic liver disease, Respiration, 58, 106, 10.1159/000195907 Andersson, 1991, Omeprazole drug interaction studies, Clinical Pharmacokinetics, 21, 195, 10.2165/00003088-199121030-00004 Angus, 1989, Hypoxia and hepatic drug metabolism—clinical implications, Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 4, 213, 10.1111/j.1365-2036.1990.tb00466.x Berman, 1983, Isoflurane and enflurane-induced hepatic necrosis in triiodothyronine-pretreated rats, Anesthesiology, 58, 1, 10.1097/00000542-198301000-00001 Bhat, 1992, Morphine metabolism in acutely ill preterm newborn infants, Journal of Pediatrics, 120, 795, 10.1016/S0022-3476(05)80251-3 Bidlack, 1986, Nutritional parameters that alter hepatic drug metabolism, conjugation, and toxicity, Federation Proceedings, 45, 142 Blaschke, 1977, Protein binding and kinetics of drugs in liver diseases, Clinical Pharmacokinetics, 2, 32, 10.2165/00003088-197702010-00003 Bologa, 1991, Pregnancy-induced changes in drug metabolism in epileptic women, Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 257, 735 Bornheim, 1992, Human hepatic microsomal metabolism of Δ1-tetracannabinol, Drug Metabolism and Disposition: The Biological Fate of Chemicals, 20, 241 Bowman, 1980 Branch, 1976, Intravenous administration of diazepam in patients with chronic liver disease, Gut, 17, 975, 10.1136/gut.17.12.975 Carlson, 1992, Induction by pyridine of cytochrome P450IIE1 and xenobiotic metabolism in rat lung and liver, Pharmacology, 44, 117, 10.1159/000138904 Child, 1964, The liver and portal hypertension, vol. 1 Dawling, 1989, Clinical pharmacokinetic considerations in the elderly, Clinical Pharmacokinetics, 17, 236, 10.2165/00003088-198917040-00003 Dawson, 1982, Smoking and drug metabolism, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 15, 207, 10.1016/0163-7258(81)90042-5 Denson, 1984, The relationship between free bupivacaine concentration and central nervous system toxicity, Anesthesiology, 61, A211, 10.1097/00000542-198409001-00211 Dundee, 1954, The influence of body weight, sex and age on the dosage of thiopentone, British Journal of Anaesthesia, 26, 164, 10.1093/bja/26.3.164 Durnas, 1990, Hepatic drug metabolism and aging, Clinical Pharmacokinetics, 19, 359, 10.2165/00003088-199019050-00002 Du Souich, 1977, Metabolism of procainamide and p-aminobenzoic acid in patients with chronic liver disease, Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 22, 589, 10.1002/cpt1977225part1588 Echizen, 1991, Clinical pharmacokinetics of famotidine, Clinical Pharmacokinetics, 21, 178, 10.2165/00003088-199121030-00003 Farrell, 1987, Drug metabolism in extrahepatic diseases, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 35, 375, 10.1016/0163-7258(87)90101-X Farrell, 1979, Drug metabolism in liver disease: activity of hepatic microsomal metabolizing enzymes, Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 26, 483, 10.1002/cpt1979264483 Feely, 1981, Propranolol in the surgical treatment of hyperthyroidism, including severely thyrotoxic patients, British Journal of Surgery, 68, 865, 10.1002/bjs.1800681211 Greenblatt, 1991, Clinical pharmacokinetics of anxiolytics and hypnotics in the elderly, Clinical Pharmacokinetics, 21, 262, 10.2165/00003088-199121040-00003 Hayes, 1992, Liver disease and drug disposition, British Journal of Anaesthesia, 68, 459, 10.1093/bja/68.5.459 Hermann, 1992, Comparison of verapamil, diltiazem and labetalol on the bioavailability of imipramine, Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 32, 176, 10.1002/j.1552-4604.1992.tb03823.x Hoyumpa, 1991, Is glucuronidation truly preserved in patients with liver disease?, Hepatology, 13, 786, 10.1002/hep.1840130428 Hunt, 1989, Calcium channel blockers as inhibitors of drug metabolism, Chest, 96, 393, 10.1378/chest.96.2.393 Janicki, 1992, Propofol inhibits enzymatic degradation of alfentanil and sufentanil by isolated liver microsomes in vitro, British Journal of Anaesthesia, 68, 311, 10.1093/bja/68.3.311 Jung, 1982, Thiopental disposition as a function of age in female patients undergoing surgery, Anesthesiology, 56, 263, 10.1097/00000542-198204000-00006 Jusko, 1979, Influence of cigarette smoking on drug metabolism in man, Drug Metabolism Reviews, 9, 221, 10.3109/03602537908993892 Kaplowitz, 1986, Drug induced hepatotoxicity, Annals of Internal Medicine, 104, 826, 10.7326/0003-4819-104-6-826 Khuenl-Brady, 1991, Comparison of vecuronium-and atracurium-induced neuromuscular blockade in postpartum and non-pregnant patients, Anesthesia and Analgesia, 72, 110, 10.1213/00000539-199101000-00020 Koop, 1992, Oxidative and reductive metabolism by cytochrome P450IIE1, FASEB Journal, 6, 724, 10.1096/fasebj.6.2.1537462 Krauer, 1991, Fetal drug metabolism and its possible clinical implications, Clinical Pharmacokinetics, 21, 70, 10.2165/00003088-199121010-00005 Kraus, 1978, Effects of aging and liver disease on disposition of lorazepam, Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 24, 411, 10.1002/cpt1978244411 Krishna, 1988, Newer H2-receptor antagonists—clinical pharmacokinetics and interaction potential, Clinical Pharmacokinetics, 15, 205, 10.2165/00003088-198815040-00001 Laffi, 1986, Effects of sulindac and ibuprofen in patients with cirrhosis and ascites—an explanation for the renal-sparing effect of sulindac, Gastroenterology, 90, 182, 10.1016/0016-5085(86)90091-0 Lasagna, 1988 Lieber, 1991, Hepatic, metabolic and toxic effects of ethanol: 1991 update, Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 15, 573, 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1991.tb00563.x Lindstrom, 1990, Effects of hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury on the hepatic mixed function oxidase system in rats, Molecular Pharmacolaogy, 38, 829 Magueur, 1991, Pharmacokinetics of metoclopramide in patients with cirrhosis, British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 31, 185, 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1991.tb05511.x McCay, 1992, Hydroxyl radicals are generated by hepatic microsomes during NADPH oxidation: relationship to ethanol metabolism, Free Radical Research Communications, 15, 335, 10.3109/10715769209049149 McLean, 1991, Clinical pharmacokinetics in patients with liver disease, Clinical Pharmacokinetics, 21, 42, 10.2165/00003088-199121010-00004 Meyer, 1990, Genetic polymorphisms of drug metabolism, Progress in Liver Diseases, 9, 307 Miller, 1989, Recent developments in the study of the effects of cigarette smoking on clinical pharmacokinetics and clinical pharmacodynamics, Clinical Pharmacokinetics, 17, 90, 10.2165/00003088-198917020-00003 Miners, 1986, Influence of gender and oral contraceptive steroids on the metabolism of salicylic acid and acetyl-salicylic acid, British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 22, 135, 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1986.tb05240.x Mitchell, 1986, Alcohol and nutrition: caloric value, bioenergetics, and relationship to liver damage, Annual Review of Nutrition, 6, 457, 10.1146/annurev.nu.06.070186.002325 Mochizuki, 1992, Short-term effects of ethanol intoxication on ascorbic acid and lipid metabolism and on drug-metabolishing enzymes in liver of rats, Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 56, 576, 10.1271/bbb.56.576 Morgan, 1990, Clinical significance of pharmacokinetic models of hepatic elimination, Clinical Pharmacokinetics, 18, 61, 10.2165/00003088-199018010-00004 Mucklow, 1988, Environmental factors affecting drug metabolism, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 36, 105, 10.1016/0163-7258(88)90113-1 Mulder, 1992, Glucuronidation and its role in regulation of biological activity of drugs, Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 32, 25, 10.1146/annurev.pa.32.040192.000325 Nakajima, 1992, Sex-,age-and pregnancy-induced changes in the metabolism of toluene and trichloroethylene in rat liver in relation to the regulation of cytochrome P450IIE1 and P450IIC11 content, Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 261, 869 O'Connor, 1987, Clinical pharmacokinetics and endocrine disorders: therapeutic implications, Clinical Pharmacokinetics, 13, 345, 10.2165/00003088-198713060-00001 Park, 1981, Clinical implications of enzyme induction and enzyme inhibition, Clinical Pharmacokinetics, 6, 1, 10.2165/00003088-198106010-00001 Pelkonen, 1986, The effect of cigarette smoking on 7-ethoxy-resorufin O-deethylase and other monooxygenase activities in human liver: analyses with monoclonal antibodies, British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 22, 125, 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1986.tb05239.x Portenoy, 1992, The metabolite morphine-6-glucuronide contributes to the analgesia produced by morphine infusion in patients with pain and normal renal function, Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 51, 422, 10.1038/clpt.1992.42 Ray, 1987, Psychotropic drugs and the risk of hip fracture, New England Journal of Medicine, 316, 363, 10.1056/NEJM198702123160702 Reves, 1981, Midazolam induction time: association with serum albumin, Anesthesiology, 55, A259 Rikkers, 1983, Portal hemodynamics, intestinal absorption, and postshunt encephalopathy, Surgery, 94, 127 Roth, 1992, Cocaine hepatotoxicity: influence of hepatic enzyme inducing and inhibiting agents on the site of necrosis, Hepatology, 15, 934, 10.1002/hep.1840150530 Scott, 1984, Oxazepam pharmacokinetics in thyroid disease, British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 17, 49, 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1984.tb04998.x Secor, 1987, Drug metabolism in patients with liver disease, Advances in Internal Medicine, 32, 379 Servin, 1986, Biotransformation of halothane and enflurane in patients with hyperthyroidism, Anesthesiology, 64, 387, 10.1097/00000542-198603000-00020 Somogyi, 1987, Pharmacokinetic interactions of cimetidine, Clinical Pharmacokinetics, 12, 321, 10.2165/00003088-198712050-00002 Stamford, 1986, The effect of electrocatalytic and nucleophilic reactions on fast voltametric measurements of dopamine at carbon fibre microelectrodes, Analytical Chemistry, 58, 1033, 10.1021/ac00297a011 Suraniti, 1992, Serum lipids and urinary albumin excretion in non-insulin dependent diabetics, Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 109, 197, 10.1007/BF00229777 Svensson, 1987, Clinical pharmacokinetics of nicotine, Clinical Pharmacokinetics, 12, 30, 10.2165/00003088-198712010-00003 Taburet, 1990, The effect of respiratory disorders on clinical pharmacokinetic variables, Clinical Pharmacokinetics, 19, 462, 10.2165/00003088-199019060-00004 Tatman, 1991, Resistance to atracurium in a patient with an increase in plasma alpha1 globulins, British Journal of Anaesthesia, 67, 623, 10.1093/bja/67.5.623 Walker, 1992, Potentiating effects of cigarette smoking and moderate exercise on the thermic effect of a meal, International Journal of Obesity, 16, 341 Watkins, 1990, Role of cytochromes p450 in drug metabolism and hepatotoxicity, Seminars in Liver Disease, 10, 235, 10.1055/s-2008-1040480 Williams, 1980, Hepatic disease and drug pharmacokinetics, Clinical Pharmacokinetics, 5, 528, 10.2165/00003088-198005060-00002 Wood, 1986, Plasma drug binding: Implications for anesthesiologists, Anesthesia and Analgesia, 65, 786, 10.1213/00000539-198607000-00015 Wood, 1991, Pharmacokinetic drug interactions in anaesthetic practice, Clinical Pharmacokinetics, 21, 285, 10.2165/00003088-199121040-00005 Woodhouse, 1988, Age related changes in liver size and hepatic blood flow—the influence on drug metabolism in the elderly, Clinical Pharmacokinetics, 15, 287, 10.2165/00003088-198815050-00002 Woosley, 1987, Pharmacologic causes of arrhythmogenic actions of antiarrhythmic drug, American Journal of Cardiology, 59, 19E, 10.1016/0002-9149(87)90197-4