Helminth metacommunity of small mammals in a Brazilian reserve: the contribution of environmental variables, host attributes and spatial variables in parasite species abundance

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 21 Số 2 - Trang 159-170 - 2020
Thiago dos Santos Cardoso1, Sócrates Fraga da Costa-Neto2, Caryne Braga3, Marcelo Weksler4, Raquel de Oliveira Simões5, Arnaldo Maldonado1, José Luís Luque5, Rosana Gentile1
1Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21045-900, Brazil
2Fiocruz Mata Atlântica, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Jacarepaguá, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22713-560, Brazil
3Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade-NUPEM/UFRJ, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. São José do Barreto 764, São José do Barreto, Macaé, RJ, 27965-045, Brazil
4Departamento de Vertebrados, seção de Mastozoologia, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, São Cristóvão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20940-040, Brazil
5Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, 23851-970, Brazil

Tóm tắt

AbstractThe role of environmental factors and landscape heterogeneity on species distribution on different spatial scales is one of the most important questions in community ecology. Variations in the environmental gradient characteristics, host attributes and spatial scales may influence the parasites distribution. The helminth metacommunity of 12 small mammal species was investigated in an Atlantic Forest reserve located in the State of Rio de Janeiro, southeast Brazil. We evaluated the influence of environmental variables, host attributes and spatial factors on the helminth metacommunity of small mammals, considering infracommunity and component community levels. Twenty-nine helminth morphospecies were recovered. The host attributes and spatial variables influenced the abundance of helminth species in the metacommunities for rodents and marsupials together, and for rodents alone at the infracommunity level. Host body mass, host diet and spatial variables at broad spatial scale (among localities) were the most important variables to explain the variation in helminth abundance. Parasite species richness influenced this variation only for the marsupial helminth metacommunity at the infracommunity level. The metacommunity showed larger turnover (parasite replacement) than nestedness (parasite loss) for their helminth species at both infracommunity and component community levels, which is associated with a high host specificity, and low helminth sharing among hosts for most species, resulting in a structured metacommunity.

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