Heavy snow in Polish–German lowlands – Large-scale synoptic reasons and economic impacts

Adaptation in Europe, European Environment Agency Report No 3, Copenhagen, 2013 Andersson, 1993, Coast of departure and coast of arrival: two important concepts for the formation and structure of convective snowbands over seas and lakes, Mon. Weather Rev., 122, 1036, 10.1175/1520-0493(1994)122<1036:CODACO>2.0.CO;2 Andersson, 1990, Topographically induced snowbands over the Baltic Sea and their precipitation distribution, Weather Forecast, 5, 299, 10.1175/1520-0434(1990)005<0299:TICSOT>2.0.CO;2 Babolcsai, 2006, Characteristics and synoptic classification of heavy snowfall events in Budapest for the period 1953–2003. Part II. Dőjárás, Q. J. Hung. Meteorol. Serv., 110, 1 Bednorz, 2002, Snow cover in western Poland and macro-scale circulation conditions, Int. J. Clim., 22, 533, 10.1002/joc.752 Bednorz, 2003, Heavy snowfalls in southern central Europe in January and February 2003, J. Meteorol., 29, 12 Bednorz, 2004, Snow cover in eastern Europe in relation to temperature, precipitation and circulation, Int. J. Clim., 24, 591, 10.1002/joc.1014 Bednorz, 2006, A white Christmas or a Christmas thaw? Changes in snow cover depth in German – Polish lowlands during the last decade of December against daily circulation patterns, Meteorol. Z., 15, 1, 10.1127/0941-2948/2006/0165 Clark, 1999, Atmospheric controls on Eurasian snow extent, Int. J. Clim., 19, 27, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0088(199901)19:1<27::AID-JOC346>3.0.CO;2-N Climate Change, Impacts and Vulnerability in Europe 2012 – an Indicator-based report, European Environment Agency Report no. 12, Copenhagen, 2012. Dittman, E., Barth, S., Lang, J., Müller-Westmeier, G., Objektive Wetterlagen klassifikation (Objective Weather Types Classification), Ber. d. Dtsch. Wetterd. 197, Offenbach a.M., 1995. Falarz, 2007, Snow cover variability in Poland in relation to the macro and mesoscale atmospheric circulation in the twentieth century, Int. J. Clim., 27, 2069, 10.1002/joc.1505 Gutzler, 1992, Interannual variability of wintertime snow-cover across the Northern Hemisphere, J. Clim., 5, 1441, 10.1175/1520-0442(1992)005<1441:IVOWSC>2.0.CO;2 Hurrell, 1995, Decadal trends in the North Atlantic Oscillation: regional temperatures and precipitation, Science, 269, 676, 10.1126/science.269.5224.676 IPCC Fourth Assessment Report. Working Group I Report “The Physical Science Basis”. Chapter 10, Global Climate Projections, 2007. Kalnay, 1996, The NMC/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project, Bull. Am. Meteor. Soc., 77, 437, 10.1175/1520-0477(1996)077<0437:TNYRP>2.0.CO;2 Kjellström, 2011, 21st century changes in the European climate: uncertainties derived from an ensemble of regional climate model simulations, Tellus, 63A, 24, 10.1111/j.1600-0870.2010.00475.x Nowosad, 1992 Raisanen, 2008, Warmer climate: less or more snow?, Clim. Dyn., 30, 307, 10.1007/s00382-007-0289-y Raisanen, 2012, 21st century changes in snow climate in Northern Europe: a high-resolution view from ENSEMBLES regional climate models, Clim. Dyn., 38, 2575, 10.1007/s00382-011-1076-3 Schalko, M., Groβschneefälle in Österreich (Ph. D. Dissertation), University of Wien, 1949. Spreitzhofer, 1999, Synoptic classification of severe snowstorms over Austria, Meteorol. Z., 8, 3, 10.1127/metz/8/1999/3 Spreitzhofer, 1999, Spatial, temporal and intensity characteristics of heavy snowfall events over Austria, Theor. Appl. Clim., 62, 209, 10.1007/s007040050085 Spreitzhofer, 2000, On the characteristics of heavy multiple day snowfalls in the Eastern Alps, Nat. Hazards, 21, 35, 10.1023/A:1008149104912