Tích tụ kim loại nặng trong thực vật phát triển ở khu vực khai thác thiếc cũ

M. A. Ashraf1, M. J. Maah1, I. Yusoff2
1Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
2Department of Geology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Tóm tắt

Mức độ ô nhiễm bởi kim loại nặng (asen, đồng, chì, thiếc và kẽm) trong đất và sự chuyển giao vào thực vật đã được nghiên cứu. Các mẫu cây thuộc năm loài được lấy mẫu từ một khu vực có diện tích 10 × 10 m cùng với đất tương ứng của chúng. Đã xác định được ba mươi sáu loài thực vật, trong đó có hai loài thủy sinh nước nông. Mẫu đất và thực vật được phân tích bằng phương pháp quang phổ phát xạ kết hợp cảm ứng plasma. Kết quả cho thấy nồng độ kim loại trong đất rất khác nhau, trong khi nồng độ kim loại trong thực vật phụ thuộc trực tiếp vào nồng độ kim loại trong đất nơi chúng phát triển. Rễ có nồng độ kim loại cao nhất, tiếp theo là lá, mầm và hoa. Hệ số sinh tích và hệ số chuyển hóa đã được tính toán, cho thấy Cyperus rotundus L. là một loài thực vật có khả năng tích tụ thiếc tiềm năng, chưa từng được báo cáo trong tài liệu trước đây. Các loài thực vật Imperata cylindrica, Lycopodium cernuum, Melastoma malabathricum, Mimosa pudica Linn, Nelumbo nucifera, Phragmites australis L., Pteris vittata L. và Salvinia molesta là các loài tích tụ kim loại, trong khi Acacia podalyriaefolia G. Don, Bulb Vanisium, Dillenia reticulate King, Eugenia reinwardtiana, Evodia roxburghiania Hk. f. clarke, Gleichenia linearis, Grewia erythrocarpa Ridl., Manihot esculenta Crantz, Paspalum conjugatum Berguis, Passiflora suberosa, Saccharum officinarum, Stenochlaena palustris (Burm.) Bedd. và Vitis trifolia Linn. là các loài thực vật có khả năng chịu đựng. Tất cả các loài thực vật còn lại trong nghiên cứu đều là các loài loại trừ. Các loài thực vật đã xác định có thể hữu ích trong việc phục hồi và kiểm soát xói mòn tại các khu vực khai thác kim loại bị ô nhiễm. Những thay đổi hình thái như giảm kích thước, thay đổi màu sắc và biến dạng cũng đã được quan sát ở các loài thực vật có giá trị kim loại cao.

Từ khóa

#kim loại nặng #ô nhiễm đất #thực vật tích tụ #Cyperus rotundus #phục hồi môi trường

Tài liệu tham khảo

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