Heart disease and pregnancy

Kerr, 1968, Cardiovascular dynamics in pregnancy and labour, Br. Med. Bull., 24, 19, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a070587 Metcalfe, 1974, Maternal cardiovascular adjustments to pregnancy, Progr. Cardiovasc. Dis., 16, 363, 10.1016/0033-0620(74)90028-0 Hytten, 1971 Lees, 1967, The circulatory effects of recumbent postural change in late pregnancy, Clin. Sci., 32, 453 Mulholland, 1968, The effect of posture on the cardiac output during the last six weeks of pregnancy, Am. Heart J., 76, 291, 10.1016/0002-8703(68)90209-3 Metcalfe, 1978, The Heart in Pregnancy Hansen, 1966, The influence of caudal analgesia on cardiovascular dynamics during normal labor and delivery, Acta Anaesthesiol. Scand., 23, 449, 10.1111/j.1399-6576.1966.tb01046.x Rovinsky, 1977, Blood Volume and the Hemodynamics of Pregnancy Burwell, 1958 Bader, 1955, Hemodynamics at rest and during exercise in normal pregnancy as studied by cardiac catheterization, J. Clin. Invest., 34, 1524, 10.1172/JCI103205 Ikard, 1971, Lower limb venous dynamics in pregnant women, Surg. Gynecol. Obstet., 132, 483 Pyörälä, 1966, Cardiovascular response to the upright position during pregnancy, Acta Obstet. Gynaecol. Scand., 45, 1, 10.3109/00016346609158474 Hytten, 1971, Maternal water metabolism in pregnancy, 64, 1072 Hytten, 1968, Water and electrolytes in pregnancy, Br. Med. Bull., 24, 15, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a070586 Cutforth, 1966, Heart sounds and murmurs in pregnancy, Am. Heart J., 71, 741, 10.1016/0002-8703(66)90594-1 Marcus, 1970, The effect of pregnancy on the murmurs of mitral and aortic regurgitation, Circulation, 41, 795, 10.1161/01.CIR.41.5.795 Oram, 1961, Innocent depression of the S-T segment and flattening of the T-wave during pregnancy, J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Br. Commonw., 68, 765, 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1961.tb02807.x Boyle, 1966, The electrocardiographic S-T segment in pregnancy, J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Br. Commonw., 73, 986, 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1966.tb06125.x Szekely, 1974 Rubler, 1973, Systolic time intervals in pregnancy and the postpartum period, Am. Heart J., 86, 182, 10.1016/0002-8703(73)90242-1 Burg, 1974, Alterations in systolic time intervals during pregnancy, Circulation, 49, 560, 10.1161/01.CIR.49.3.560 Liebson, 1975, Cardiac performance during pregnancy: serial evaluation using external systolic time intervals, Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 122, 1, 10.1016/0002-9378(75)90606-7 Rubbler, 1977, Cardiac size and performance during pregnancy estimated with echocardiography, Am. J. Cardiol., 40, 534, 10.1016/0002-9149(77)90068-6 Katz, 1978, Effects of a maternal volume overload state (pregnancy) on left ventricular performance in normal human subjects, Circulation, 58, 434, 10.1161/01.CIR.58.3.434 Csapo, 1950, Actomyosin formation by estrogen action, Am. J. Physiol., 162, 406, 10.1152/ajplegacy.1950.162.2.406 Milne, 1978, Dyspnoea during normal pregnancy, Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol., 85, 260, 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1978.tb10497.x Department of Health and Social Security, 1979 Burch, 1977, Heart disease and pregnancy, Am. Heart J., 93, 104, 10.1016/S0002-8703(77)80179-8 Upshaw, 1970, A study of maternal electrocardiograms recorded during labor and delivery, Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 107, 17, 10.1016/S0002-9378(16)33885-6 Hager, 1979, Digoxin-quinidine interaction. Pharmacokinetic evaluation, N. Engl. J. Med., 300, 1238, 10.1056/NEJM197905313002202 Mendelson, 1960 Spritzer, 1970, Serious arrhythmias during labor and delivery in women with heart disease, J.A.M.A., 211, 1005, 10.1001/jama.1970.03170060069016 Hayward, 1960, Bacterial endocarditis, 53, 551 Goodwin, 1960, Management of bacterial endocarditis: treatment and prognosis, 53, 556 Ward, 1971, Bacterial endocarditis in pregnancy, Austr. N.Z. J. Obstet. Gynaecol., 11, 189, 10.1111/j.1479-828X.1971.tb00477.x Oakley, 1974, Infective endocarditis, Br. J. Hosp. Med., 11, 101 McDonald, 1979, Management of infective endocarditis, Br. J. Hosp. Med., 21, 498 Pankey, 1979, The prevention and treatment of bacterial endocarditis, Am. Heart J., 98, 102, 10.1016/0002-8703(79)90326-0 Besterman, 1970, The changing face of acute rheumatic fever, Br. Heart J., 32, 579, 10.1136/hrt.32.5.579 Ueland, 1966, Acute rheumatic fever in pregnancy, Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 95, 586, 10.1016/0002-9378(66)90155-4 Warrell, 1968, Outcome for the foetus of mothers receiving prednisone during pregnancy, Lancet, 1, 117, 10.1016/S0140-6736(68)92723-2 Levy, 1973, Hormone treatment during pregnancy and congenital heart defects, Lancet, 1, 611, 10.1016/S0140-6736(73)90762-9 Barnes, 1974 Marquis, 1969, Mitral disease and pregnancy, J. R. Coll. Phys. Lond., 3, 121 Schenker, 1968, Pregnancy following mitral valvotomy: a survey of 182 patients, Obstet. Gynecol., 32, 214 Wallace, 1969, Pregnancy following closed mitral valvuloplasty: long-term follow-up, Circulation, 40, 211 Zitnik, 1969, Pregnancy and open-heart surgery, Circulation, 39, 257 Miller, 1978, Two mitral valve replacements during the course of a single pregnancy, Intens. Care Med., 4, 41, 10.1007/BF01683135 McLeod, 1978, Near fatal puerperal thrombosis on Bjork-Shiley mitral valve prosthesis, Br. Heart J., 40, 934, 10.1136/hrt.40.8.934 Blesovsky, A., and Gold, R. G.: Personal communication. Ueland, 1966, Pregnancy and prosthetic heart valves: Report of successful pregnancies in two patients with StarrEdwards aortic valves, Obstet. Gynecol., 27, 257 Buxbaum, 1971, Pregnancy in patients with prosthetic heart valves, Chest, 59, 639, 10.1378/chest.59.6.639 Ibarra-Perez, 1972, Pregnancy in 6 patients with Starr-Edwards heart valve prostheses, Am. J. Cardiol., 30, 565, 10.1016/0002-9149(72)90051-3 Chew, 1975, Pregnancies in patients with prosthetic heart valves: A review and report of 2 further cases, Austr. N.Z. J. Obstet. Gynaecol., 15, 150, 10.1111/j.1479-828X.1975.tb00877.x Casanegra, 1975, Cardiovascular management of pregnant women with a heart valve prosthesis, Am. J. Cardiol., 36, 802, 10.1016/0002-9149(75)90463-4 Oakley, 1976, Pregnancy in patients after valve replacement, Br. Heart J., 38, 1140, 10.1136/hrt.38.11.1140 Boyer, 1944, The ultimate effect of pregnancy on rheumatic heart disease, Ann. Intern. Med., 20, 99, 10.7326/0003-4819-20-1-99 Haig, 1949, Heart disease complicated by pregnancy, Edinb. Med. J., 56, 55 Wilson, 1954, The natural history of mitral stenosis, Can. Med. J., 71, 323 Miller, 1956, Effect of pregnancy on the course of heart disease: re-evaluation of 106 cardiac patients three to five years after pregnancy, Circulation, 13, 481, 10.1161/01.CIR.13.4.481 Gorenberg, 1958, Rheumatic heart disease in pregnancy: the remote prognosis in patients with “functionally severe” disease, Ann. Intern. Med., 49, 278, 10.7326/0003-4819-49-2-278 Maynard, 1960, The effect of childbearing on the course of rheumatic heart disease: a 25-year study, Ann. Intern. Med., 52, 163, 10.7326/0003-4819-52-1-163 Chesley, 1975, Rheumatic cardiac disease. Long-term follow-up, Obstet. Gynecol., 46, 699 Aaro, 1966, Acute deep vein thrombosis associated with pregnancy, Obstet. Gynecol., 28, 553 Marquis, 1966, Pulmonary embolism and pregnancy, Br. Med. J., 1, 1480, 10.1136/bmj.1.5501.1480 Evans, 1968, Pulmonary embolism during pregnancy, J.A.M.A., 206, 320, 10.1001/jama.1968.03150020036007 Ullery, 1954, Thromboembolic disease complicating pregnancy and the puerperium, Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 68, 1243 Sibthorpe, 1955, Antenatal pulmonary embolism. Report of three cases, Br. Med. J., 2, 1063, 10.1136/bmj.2.4947.1063 Henderson, 1972, Antepartum pulmonary embolism, Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 112, 476, 10.1016/0002-9378(72)90308-0 McGuire, 1965, Pulmonary embolectomy, N. Engl. J. Med., 272, 1170, 10.1056/NEJM196506032722207 Cachera, 1967, Embolectomie pulmonaire sous circulation extracorporelle chez une femme enceinte de 7 mois. Accouchement a 8 mois d'un enfant normal, Arch. Mal. Coeur., 60, 1715 Miller, 1971, Comparison of streptokinase and heparin in treatment of isolated acute massive pulmonary embolism, Br. Med. J., 2, 681, 10.1136/bmj.2.5763.681 Hall, 1972, Treatment of acute massive pulmonary embolism by streptokinase during labour and delivery, Br. Med. J., 4, 647, 10.1136/bmj.4.5841.647 Peterson, 1970, Amniotic fluid embolism: an analysis of 40 cases, Obstet. Gynecol., 35, 787 Pettifor, 1975, Congenital malformations associated with the administration of oral anticoagulants during pregnancy, J. Pediatr., 86, 459, 10.1016/S0022-3476(75)80986-3 Pauli, 1976, Warfarin therapy initiated during pregnancy and phenotypic chondrodysplasia punctata, J. Pediatr., 88, 506, 10.1016/S0022-3476(76)80281-8 Hirsh, 1972, Anticoagulants in pregnancy: a review of indications and complications, Am. Heart J., 83, 301, 10.1016/0002-8703(72)90428-0 Orme, 1977, May mothers given warfarin breast-feed their infants?, Br. Med. J., 1, 1564, 10.1136/bmj.1.6076.1564 Spearing, 1978, Long-term self-administered subcutaneous heparin in pregnancy, Br. Med. J., 1, 1457, 10.1136/bmj.1.6125.1457-a Campbell, 1973, Incidence of cardiac malformations at birth and later, and neonatal mortality, Br. Heart J., 35, 189, 10.1136/hrt.35.2.189 Jones, 1965, Eisenmenger syndrome in pregnancy, Br. Med. J., 1, 1627, 10.1136/bmj.1.5451.1627 Jacoby, 1964, Pregnancy with tetralogy and pentalogy of Fallot, Am. J. Cardiol., 14, 866, 10.1016/0002-9149(64)90015-3 Batson, 1974, Cyanotic congenital heart disease and pregnancy, J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Br. Commonw., 81, 549, 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1974.tb00514.x Dubourg, 1959, Correction complete d'une triade de Fallot en circulation extra-corporelle chez une femme enceinte, Arch. Mal. Coeur., 52, 1389 Baker, 1963, Closed pulmonary valvotomy in the management of Fallot's tetralogy complicated by pregnancy, J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Br. Commonw., 70, 154, 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1963.tb04196.x Neilson, 1971, Eisenmenger's syndrome and pregnancy, Med. J. Australia, 1, 431, 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1971.tb87631.x Pitts, 1977, Eisenmenger's syndrome in pregnancy, Am. Heart J., 93, 321, 10.1016/S0002-8703(77)80251-2 Cutforth, 1968, The Eisenmenger syndrome and pregnancy, Aust. N.Z. J. Obstet. Gynaecol., 8, 202, 10.1111/j.1479-828X.1968.tb00714.x Midwall, 1978, Shunt flow and pulmonary hemodynamics during labor and delivery in the Eisenmenger syndrome, Am. J. Cardiol., 42, 299, 10.1016/0002-9149(78)90915-3 Robinson, 1967, Congenital aortic stenosis in pregnancy; ventricular fibrillation induced by oxytocin, J.A.M.A., 200, 378, 10.1001/jama.1967.03120180066009 Goodwin, 1961, Pregnancy and coarctation of the aorta, Clin. Obstet. Gynecol., 4, 645, 10.1097/00003081-196109000-00004 Schnitker, 1944, Dissecting aneurysm of the aorta in young individuals, particularly in association with pregnancy. With report of a case, Ann. Intern. Med., 20, 486, 10.7326/0003-4819-20-3-486 Copeland, 1963, Pregnancy and congenital heart disease, Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 86, 107, 10.1016/0002-9378(63)90081-4 Littler, 1970, Successful pregnancy in a patient with Ebstein's anomaly, Br. Heart J., 32, 711, 10.1136/hrt.32.5.711 Esscher, 1979, Congenital heart block and maternal systemic lupus erythematosus, Br. Med. J., 1, 1235, 10.1136/bmj.1.6173.1235 Kenmure, 1967, Congenital complete heart block in pregnancy, Br. Heart J., 29, 910, 10.1136/hrt.29.6.910 Begg, 1961, Stokes-Adams attacks in pregnancy, Br. Heart J., 23, 729, 10.1136/hrt.23.6.729 Schonbrun, 1966, Complete heart block in pregnancy, Obstet. Gynecol., 27, 243 Büchner, 1964, Geburt bei einer Patientin mit kiinstlichem Schrittmacher des Herzens, Dtsch. Med. Wochensch., 89, 1932, 10.1055/s-0028-1113217 Shouse, 1964, Pregnancy and delivery in a patient with external-internal cardiac pacemaker, Obstet. Gynecol., 24, 817 Ginns, 1970, Complete heart block in pregnancy treated with an internal cardiac pacemaker, J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Br. Commonw., 77, 710, 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1970.tb03596.x Chesley, 1978 Redman, 1976, Plasmaurate measurements in predicting fetal death in hypertensive pregnancy, Lancet, 1, 1370, 10.1016/S0140-6736(76)93024-5 Kincaid-Smith, 1966, Prolonged use of methyldopa in severe hypertension in pregnancy, Br. Med. J., 1, 274, 10.1136/bmj.1.5482.274 Leather, 1968, A controlled trial of hypotensive agents in hypertension in pregnancy, Lancet, 2, 488, 10.1016/S0140-6736(68)90650-8 Nelstrop, 1976, Hypertension in pregnancy, Br. J. Hosp. Med., 15, 320 Redman, 1977, Treatment of hypertension in pregnancy with methyldopa: blood pressure control and side effects, Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol., 84, 419, 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1977.tb12616.x Lieberman, 1978, The possible adverse effects of propranolol on the fetus in pregnancies complicated by severe hypertension, Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol., 85, 678, 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1978.tb14946.x Tcherdakoff, 1978, Propranolol in hypertension during pregnancy, Br. Med. J., 2, 670, 10.1136/bmj.2.6138.670 Eliahon, 1978, Propranolol for the treatment of hypertension in pregnancy, Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol., 85, 431, 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1978.tb14909.x Gallery, 1979, Randomised comparison of methyldopa and oxprenolol for treatment of hypertension in pregnancy, Br. Med. J., 1, 1591, 10.1136/bmj.1.6178.1591 Blair, 1963, Phaeochromocytoma and pregnancy: Report of a case and review of 51 cases, J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Br. Commonw., 70, 110, 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1963.tb04187.x Fox, 1969, Pheochromocytoma associated with pregnancy: specialty team management and review, Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 104, 288, 10.1016/0002-9378(69)90678-4 Burt, 1960, Pheochromocytoma in pregnancy, Am. Heart J., 59, 472, 10.1016/0002-8703(60)90311-2 Smith, 1973, Phaeochromocytoma and pregnancy, J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Br. Commonw., 80, 848, 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1973.tb11231.x Goodwin, 1972, The cardiomyopathies, Br. Heart J., 34, 545, 10.1136/hrt.34.6.545 Demakis, 1971, Peripartum cardiomyopathy, Circulation, 44, 964, 10.1161/01.CIR.44.5.964 Brown, 1967, Cardiomyopathy and pregnancy, Br. Heart J., 29, 387, 10.1136/hrt.29.3.387 Middleton, 1964, Cardiomyopathy of pregnancy, J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Br. Commonw., 71, 951, 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1964.tb04385.x Stuart, 1968, Cardiomyopathy of pregnancy and the puerperium, Q. J. Med., 37, 463 Fillmore, 1977, The evolution of peripartal heart failure in Zaria, Nigeria, Circulation, 56, 1058, 10.1161/01.CIR.56.6.1058 Sanderson, 1979, Postpartum cardiac failure-heart failure due to volume overload, Am. Heart J., 97, 613, 10.1016/0002-8703(79)90189-3 Johnson, 1966, Idiopathic heart disease associated with pregnancy and the puerperium, Am. Heart J., 72, 809, 10.1016/0002-8703(66)90165-7 Sakakibara, 1970, Idiopathic postpartum cardiomyopathy: report of a case with special reference to its ultrastructural changes in the myocardium as studied by endomyocardial biopsy, Am. Heart J., 80, 385, 10.1016/0002-8703(70)90103-1 Hughes, 1970, A case of fatal peripartum cardiomyopathy, Br. Heart J., 32, 272, 10.1136/hrt.32.2.272 Burch, 1971, The effect of prolonged bed rest on postpartal cardiomyopathy, Am. Heart J., 81, 186, 10.1016/0002-8703(71)90129-3 Metcalfe, 1963, The maternal heart in the postpartum period, Am. J. Cardiol., 12, 439, 10.1016/0002-9149(63)90174-7 Walsh, 1965, Idiopathic myocardiopathy of the puerperium (postpartal heart disease), Circulation, 32, 19, 10.1161/01.CIR.32.1.19 Demakis, 1971, Natural course of peripartum cardiomyopathy, Circulation, 44, 1053, 10.1161/01.CIR.44.6.1053 Oakley, 1979, Management of pregnancy in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Br. Med. J., 1, 1749, 10.1136/bmj.1.6180.1749 Oliver, 1970, Oral contraceptives and myocardial infarction, Br. Med. J., 1, 210, 10.1136/bmj.2.5703.210 Oliver, 1974, Ischaemic heart disease in young women, Br. Med. J., 2, 253, 10.1136/bmj.4.5939.253 Mann, 1975, Myocardial infarction in young women with special reference to oral contraceptive practice, Br. Med. J., 1, 241, 10.1136/bmj.2.5965.241 Fletcher, 1967, Acute myocardial infarction in pregnancy, Br. Med. J., 3, 586, 10.1136/bmj.3.5565.586 Ginz, 1970, Myocardial infarction in pregnancy, J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Br. Commonw., 77, 610, 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1970.tb03578.x Sasse, 1975, Transmural myocardial infarction during pregnancy, Am. J. Cardiol., 35, 448, 10.1016/0002-9149(75)90040-5 Shaver, 1978, Postpartum coronary artery dissection, Br. Heart J., 40, 83, 10.1136/hrt.40.1.83 Mandel, 1954, Dissecting aortic aneurysm during pregnancy, N. Engl. J. Med., 251, 1059, 10.1056/NEJM195412232512607 Hume, 1963, Dissecting aneurysm in pregnancy associated with aortic insufficiency: report of a case with successful surgical repair, N. Engl. J. Med., 268, 174, 10.1056/NEJM196301242680403 Husebye, 1958, Aortic dissection in pregnancy: a case of Marfan's syndrome, Am. Heart J., 55, 662, 10.1016/0002-8703(58)90004-8 Sutinen, 1971, Marfan syndrome, pregnancy and fatal dissection of aorta, Acta Obstet. Gynaecol. Scand., 50, 295, 10.3109/00016347109157328 Elias, 1976, The Marfan syndrome and pregnancy, Obstet. Gynecol., 47, 358 McGuire, 1957, Is there an entity-primary pulmonary hypertension?, Arch. Intern. Med., 99, 917, 10.1001/archinte.1957.00260060075008 Evans, 1957, Solitary pulmonary hypertension, Br. Heart J., 19, 93, 10.1136/hrt.19.1.93 Parry, 1966, Familial primary pulmonary hypertension, Br. Heart J., 28, 193, 10.1136/hrt.28.2.193 Blount, 1967, Primary pulmonary hypertension, Mod. Concepts Cardiovasc. Dis., 36, 67 Rogers, 1972, Serum digoxin concentrations in the human fetus, neonate and infant, N. Engl. J. Med., 287, 1010, 10.1056/NEJM197211162872003 Sherman, 1960, Transplacental neonatal digitalis intoxication, Am. J. Cardiol., 6, 834, 10.1016/0002-9149(60)90235-6 Weaver, 1973, Influence of digitalis on time of onset and duration of labour in women with cardiac disease, Br. Med. J., 3, 519, 10.1136/bmj.3.5879.519 Nelson, 1971, Associations between drugs administered during pregnancy and congenital abnormalities of the fetus, Br. Med. J., 1, 523, 10.1136/bmj.1.5748.523 Warrell, 1968, Outcome for the foetus of mothers receiving prednisone during pregnancy, Lancet, 1, 117, 10.1016/S0140-6736(68)92723-2 Stirrat, 1973, Drugs to be avoided or given with caution in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy, Prescriber's J., 13, 135 Hollingsworth, 1977, Drugs and Pregnancy, 503 Smithells, 1970, Transmission of drugs by the placenta and the breasts, The Practitioner, 204, 14 Grimwade, 1971, Morphine and the fetal heart rate, Br. Med. J., 3, 373, 10.1136/bmj.3.5770.373-a Smithells, 1976, Environmental teratogens of man, Br. Med. Bull., 32, 27, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a071319 Naeye, 1978, Effects of maternal cigarette smoking on the fetus and placenta, Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol., 85, 732, 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1978.tb15593.x Davies, 1979, Effects of stopping smoking for 48 hours on oxygen availability from the blood: a study on pregnant women, Br. Med. J., 1, 355, 10.1136/bmj.2.6186.355 Evans, 1979, Maternal smoking habits and congenital malformations: a population study, Br. Med. J., 2, 171, 10.1136/bmj.2.6183.171 Noonan, 1976, Congenital heart disease in the fetal alcohol syndrome, Am. J. Cardiol., 37, 160, 10.1016/0002-9149(76)90688-3 Hanson, 1977, Alcohol and the fetus, Br. J. Hosp. Med., 18, 126 de Swiet, 1976, Pregnancy and maternal heart disease, Br. J. Hosp. Med., 15, 353 McEwan, 1979, The risks of oral contraceptives, Br. J. Hosp. Med., 21, 144 Engel, 1977, Transmural myocardial infarction in young women taking oral contraceptives. Evidence of reduced regional coronary flow in spite of normal coronary arteries, Br. Heart J., 39, 477, 10.1136/hrt.39.5.477