Hearing in Fishes under Noise Conditions
Tóm tắt
Our current knowledge on sound detection in fishes is mainly based on data acquired under quiet laboratory conditions. However, it is important to relate auditory thresholds to background noise in order to determine the signal-detecting abilities of animals in the natural environment. We investigated the influence of two noise levels within the naturally occurring range on the auditory sensitivity of two hearing specialists (otophysines) and a hearing generalist. Audiograms of the goldfish Carassius auratus, the lined Raphael catfish Platydoras costatus and the pumpkinseed sunfish Lepomis gibbosus (hearing generalist) were determined between 200 and 4000 Hz (100–800 Hz for L. gibbosus) under laboratory conditions and under continuous white noise by recording auditory evoked potentials (AEPs). Baseline thresholds showed greatest hearing sensitivity around 500 Hz in goldfish and catfish and at 100 Hz in the sunfish. Continuous white noise of 110 dB RMS elevated the thresholds by 15–20 dB in C. auratus and by 4–22 dB in P. costatus. White noise of 130 dB RMS elevated overall hearing thresholds significantly in the otophysines by 23–44 dB. In the goldfish, threshold did not shift at 4 kHz. In contrast, auditory thresholds in the sunfish declined only at the higher noise level by 7–11 dB. Our data show that the AEP recording technique is suitable for studying masking in fishes, and that the occurrence and degree of the threshold shift (masking) depend on the hearing sensitivity of fishes, the frequency, and noise levels tested. The results indicate that acoustic communication and orientation of fishes, in particular of hearing specialists, are limited by noise regimes in their environment.
Tài liệu tham khảo
S Amoser F Ladich (2003) ArticleTitleDiversity in noise-induced temporary hearing loss in otophysine fishes J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 113 2170–2179
RK Andrew BM Howe JA Mercer MA Dzieciuch (2002) ArticleTitleOcean ambient sound: comparing the 1960s with the 1990s for a receiver off the California coast Acoust. Res. Lett. Online 3 65–70
AN Bart J Clark J Young Y Zohar (2001) ArticleTitleUnderwater ambient noise measurements in aquaculture systems: a survey Aquac. Eng. 25 99–110
U Buerkle (1968) ArticleTitleRelation of pure tone thresholds to background noise level in the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 25 1155–1160
U Buerkle (1969) ArticleTitleAuditory masking and the critical band in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 26 1113–1119
CJ Chapman (1973) ArticleTitleField studies of hearing in teleost fish Helgol. Wiss. Meeresunters 24 371–390
CJ Chapman AD Hawkins (1973) ArticleTitleA field study of hearing in the cod, Gadus morhua. L J. Comp. Physiol. 85 147–167
PS Enger (1966) ArticleTitleAcoustic threshold in goldfish and its relation to the sound source distance Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 18 859–868
PS Enger (1973) ArticleTitleMasking of auditory responses in the medulla oblongata of goldfish J. Exp. Biol. 59 415–424
RR Fay (1974) ArticleTitleMasking of tones by noise for the goldfish (Carassius auratus) J. Comp. Psychol. 87 708–716
RR Fay SL Coombs (1983) ArticleTitleNeural mechanisms in sound detection and temporal summation Hear. Res. 10 69–92
RR Fay AN Popper (1974) ArticleTitleAcoustic stimulation of the ear of the goldfish, (Carassius auratus) J. Exp. Biol. 61 243–260
RR Fay WA Ahroon AA Orawski (1978) ArticleTitleAuditory masking patterns in the goldfish (Carassius auratus): psychophysical tuning curves J. Exp. Biol. 74 83–100
H Fletcher (1940) ArticleTitleAuditory patterns Rev. Mod. Phys. 12 47–65
AD Hawkins (1981) The hearing abilities of fish T Pitcher (Eds) Behavior of Teleost Fishes Chapman & Hall London 129–169
AD Hawkins CJ Chapman (1975) ArticleTitleMasked auditory thresholds in the cod, Gadus morhua. L J. Comp. Physiol. A 103 209–226
AD Hawkins ADF Johnstone (1978) ArticleTitleThe hearing of the Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar J. Fish Biol. 13 655–673
AD Hawkins AA Myrberg (1983) Hearing and sound communication under water B Lewis (Eds) Bioacoustics, A Comparative Approach Academic Press London 373–387
ISO 1996. Description, measurement and assessment of environmental noise. International Organization for Standardization, 2003.
TN Kenyon F Ladich HY Yan (1998) ArticleTitleA comparative study of hearing ability in fishes: The auditory brainstem response approach J. Comp. Physiol. A 182 307–318
VO Knudsen RS Alford JW Emling (1948) ArticleTitleUnderwater ambient noise J. Mar. Res. 3 410–429
F Ladich (1999) ArticleTitleDid auditory sensitivity and vocalization evolve independently in otophysan fishes? Brain Behav. Evol. 53 288–304
Ladich F, Bass AH. Audition. In: Arratia G, Kapoor BG, Chardon M, Diogo R (eds) Catfishes, vol. 2. Science Publishers Inc., Enfield, NH, pp. 701–730, 2003.
F Ladich AN Popper (2004) Parallel evolution of fish hearing organs GA Manley AN Popper RR Fay (Eds) Evolution of the Vertebrate Auditory System Springer Verlag New York 95–127
GR Long (1994) Psychoacoustics RR Fay AN Popper (Eds) Comparative Hearing: Mammals Springer Verlag New York 18–56
M Lugli ML Fine (2003) ArticleTitleAcoustic communication in two freshwater gobies: Ambient noise and short-range propagation in shallow streams J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 114 512–521
AA Myrberg SuffixJr (1990) ArticleTitleThe effects of man-made noise on the behavior of marine mammals Environ. Int. 16 575–586
AM Noll (1967) ArticleTitleCepstrum pitch determination J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 41 293–309
AN Popper (1971) ArticleTitleThe effects of size on auditory capacities of the goldfish J. Aud. Res. 11 239–247
AN Popper NL Clarke (1979) ArticleTitleNon-simultaneous auditory masking in the goldfish, Carassius auratus J. Exp. Biol. 83 145–158
AN Popper RR Fay (1993) ArticleTitleSound detection and processing by fish: Critical review and major research questions Brain. Behav. Evol. 41 14–38
JW Richardson CR Greene CI Malme DH Thomson (1995) Marine Mammals and Noise Academic Press New York
PH Rogers M Cox (1988) Underwater sound as a biological stimulus J Atema RR Fay AN Popper WN Tavolga (Eds) Sensory Biology of Aquatic Animals Springer New York 131–149
NAM Schellart AN Popper (1992) Functional aspects of the evolution of the auditory system of actinopterygian fish DE Webster RR Fay AN Popper (Eds) The Evolutionary Biology of Hearing Springer New York 295–322
RJ Schusterman D Kastak DH Levenson CJ Reichmuth BL Southall (2000) ArticleTitleWhy pinnipeds don’t echolocate J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 107 2256–2264
MA Sorokin (1989) ArticleTitleDetection of acoustic signals in noise by fish Biol. Nauki 6 35–40
BL Southall RJ Schusterman D Kastak (2000) ArticleTitleMasking in three pinnipeds: underwater, low-frequency critical ratios J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 108 1322–1326
BL Southall RJ Schusterman D Kastak (2003) ArticleTitleAuditory masking in three pinnipeds: Aerial critical ratios and direct critical bandwidth measurements J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 114 1660–1666
WN Tavolga (1967) Masked auditory thresholds in teleost fishes WN Tavolga (Eds) Marine Bio-Acoustics Pergamon Press Oxford 233–243
WN Tavolga (1974) ArticleTitleSignal/noise ratio and the critical band in fishes J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 55 1323–1333
RJ Urick (1983) Principles of Underwater Sound Peninsula Publishing Los Altos, CA
GM Wenz (1962) ArticleTitleAcoustic ambient noise in the ocean: spectra and sources J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 34 1936–1956
LE Wysocki F Ladich (2001) ArticleTitleThe ontogenetic development of auditory sensitivity, vocalization and acoustic communication in the labyrinth fish Trichopsis vittata J. Comp. Physiol. A 187 177–187
LE Wysocki F Ladich (2002) ArticleTitleCan fishes resolve temporal characteristics of sounds? New insights using auditory brainstem responses Hear. Res. 169 36–46
LE Wysocki F Ladich (2003) ArticleTitleThe representation of conspecific sounds in the auditory brainstem of teleost fishes J. Exp. Biol. 206 2229–2240
WA Yost (2000) Fundamentals of Hearing—An Introduction EditionNumber4 Academic Press San Diego