Healthy Eating Index and C-reactive protein concentration: findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III, 1988–1994

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (1994): Plan and operation of the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–94. Vital Health Stat 1, 1–407.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (1996): The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III 1988-94) Reference Manuals and Reports (Materials on CD-ROM). Bethesda, MD: National Center for Health Statistics.

Chung HY, Kim HJ, Kim JW & Yu BP (2001): The inflammation hypothesis of aging: molecular modulation by calorie restriction. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 928, 327–335.

Ford ES (1999): Body mass index, diabetes, and C-reactive protein among U.S. adults. Diabetes Care 22, 1971–1977.

Ford ES & Liu S (2001): Glycemic index and serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration among US adults. Arch. Intern. Med. 161, 572–576.

Grimble RF (1999): Nutritional influences on inflammation. Nestle Nutrition Workshop Series Clinical Performance Programme 2, 63–77; discussion 77–81.

Hu FB & Willett WC (2002): Optimal diets for prevention of coronary heart disease. JAMA 288, 2569–2578.

Kennedy ET, Ohls J, Carlson S & Fleming K (1995): The Healthy Eating Index: design and applications. J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 95, 1103–1108.

Libby P (2002): Inflammation in atherosclerosis. Nature 420, 868–874.

Liu S (2002): Intake of refined carbohydrates and whole grain foods in relation to risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease. J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 21, 298–306.

Liu K, Stamler J, Dyer A, McKeever J & McKeever P (1978): Statistical methods to assess and minimize the role of intra-individual variability in obscuring the relationship between dietary lipids and serum cholesterol. J. Chron. Dis. 31, 399–418.

Liu HR, Tao L, Gao E, Christopher TA, Lopez BL, Yue TL & Ma XL (2003): Pro-inflammatory effects of hypercholesterolemia and anti-inflammatory effects of a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR) agonist. Acad. Emerg. Med. 10, 558–559.

Malpuech-Brugere C, Nowacki W, Daveau M, Gueux E, Linard C, Rock E, Lebreton J, Mazur A & Rayssiguier Y (2000): Inflammatory response following acute magnesium deficiency in the rat. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1501, 91–98.

McCullough ML, Feskanich D, Stampfer MJ, Rosner BA, Hu FB, Hunter DJ, Variyam JN, Colditz GA & Willett WC (2000a): Adherence to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and risk of major chronic disease in women. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 72, 1214–1222.

McCullough ML, Feskanich D, Rimm EB, Giovannucci EL, Ascherio A, Variyam JN, Spiegelman D, Stampfer MJ & Willett WC (2000b): Adherence to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and risk of major chronic disease in men. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 72, 1223–1231.

Rahman I (2002): Oxidative stress, transcription factors and chromatin remodelling in lung inflammation. Biochem. Pharmacol. 64, 935–942.

Ridker PM (2003): Clinical application of C-reactive protein for cardiovascular disease detection and prevention. Circulation 107, 363–369.

Seaman DR (2002): The diet-induced proinflammatory state: a cause of chronic pain and other degenerative diseases? J. Manipulative Physiol. Ther. 25, 168–179.

Shah BV, Barnwell BG & Bieler GS (1997): SUDAAN User's Manual. Version 7.5. Research Triangle Park, NC: Research Triangle Institute.

Slavin JL, Jacobs D, Marquart L & Wiemer K (2001): The role of whole grains in disease prevention. J. Am. Diet Assoc. 101, 780–785.

Truswell AS (2002): Cereal grains and coronary heart disease. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 56, 1–14.

US Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) (1999): National Center for Health Statistics. Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994, NHANES III Healthy Eating Index Data File (Series 11, No. 6A). Hyattsville, MD.: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Willett WC (1998): Nutritional Epidemiology 2nd Edition. New York: Oxford University Press.