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Liệu cá tròn xâm lấn có gây ra những liên kết mới trong hệ thức ăn của biển Baltic?
Tóm tắt
Cá tròn Ponto-Caspian (Neogobius melanostomus, Pallas 1814) có khả năng đã được thành lập tại Vịnh Gdańsk, biển Baltic, vào cuối những năm 1980 và kể từ đó đã trở thành một trong những loài chiếm ưu thế trong khu vực. Trong nghiên cứu này, chúng tôi đánh giá vai trò của cá tròn như con mồi cho hai loài cá quan trọng là cá tuyết (Gadus morhua) và cá rô (Perca fluviatilis) ở Vịnh Gdańsk. Chúng tôi đã so sánh chế độ ăn hiện tại của chúng với các phân tích dạ dày từ khu vực trước khi cá tròn xuất hiện, cũng như với các phân tích chế độ ăn từ các khu vực Baltic nơi không có cá tròn. Có sự khác biệt lớn trong chế độ ăn của cá tuyết từ Vịnh Gdańsk trong giai đoạn 2003-2006 so với cá tuyết trong các nghiên cứu trước đó (1977-1981) từ miền Nam biển Baltic. Cũng có sự khác biệt lớn trong chế độ ăn của cá tuyết và cá rô giữa các khu vực có và không có cá tròn. Hiện tại, cá tròn là con mồi quan trọng nhất cho cá tuyết cỡ vừa ở Vịnh Gdańsk, và cá rô từ khu vực này gần như hoàn toàn chỉ ăn cá tròn. Phân tích dạ dày, đánh giá mức độ dinh dưỡng và phân tích đồng vị ổn định đều chỉ ra rằng cá tuyết và cá rô ở Vịnh Gdańsk sau khi cá tròn xuất hiện thuộc cùng một mức độ dinh dưỡng. Ngoài cá tròn, không có loài cá ăn trai nào đóng góp nhiều vào chế độ ăn của cá tuyết hoặc hoàn toàn vào chế độ ăn của cá rô. Do đó, rất có thể cá tròn là một con đường năng lượng mới từ trai đến các động vật ăn thịt hàng đầu. Tuy nhiên, do thời gian ngắn sau khi cá tròn xuất hiện, chúng tôi chỉ có thể suy đoán về những tác động tương lai của loài này đối với mạng lưới thức ăn ở biển Baltic.
Từ khóa
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