Has the COVID-19 pandemic affected general vaccination hesitancy? Findings from a national study
Tóm tắt
Extensive media coverage and potential controversy about COVID-19 vaccination during the pandemic may have affected people’s general attitudes towards vaccination. We sought to describe key psychological antecedents related to vaccination and assess how these vary temporally in relationship to the pandemic and availability of COVID-19 vaccination. As part of an ongoing online study, we recruited a national (U.S.) sample of young gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (N = 1,227) between October 2019 and June 2021, and assessed the “4Cs” (antecedents of vaccination; range = 1–5). Overall, men had high levels of confidence (trust in vaccines; M = 4.13), calculation (deliberation; M = 3.97) and collective responsibility (protecting others; M = 4.05) and low levels of complacency (not perceiving disease risk; M = 1.72). In multivariable analyses, confidence and collective responsibility varied relative to the pandemic phase/vaccine availability, reflecting greater hesitancy during later stages of the pandemic. Antecedents also varied by demographic characteristics. Findings suggest negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on key antecedents of general vaccination and identify potential targets for interventions.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Baack, B. N., Abad, N., Yankey, D., Kahn, K. E., Razzaghi, H., Brookmeyer, K., & Singleton, J. A. (2021). COVID-19 Vaccination Coverage and Intent Among Adults Aged 18–39 Years - United States, March-May 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 70(25), 928–933. doi:https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7025e2
Betsch, C., Schmid, P., Heinemeier, D., Korn, L., Holtmann, C., & Böhm, R. (2018). Beyond confidence: Development of a measure assessing the 5 C psychological antecedents of vaccination. PLoS One, 13(12), e0208601. doi:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0208601
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2011). Ten great public health achievements–United States, 2001–2010. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 60(19), 619–623
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2021a). September 12, 2021). https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#vaccinations_vacc-total-admin-rate-total. Retrieved from https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2021b). February 12, 2021). Recommended Adult Immunization Schedule for ages 19 years or older, United States, 2021. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/hcp/imz/adult.html
Cucinotta, D., & Vanelli, M. (2020). WHO Declares COVID-19 a Pandemic. Acta Biomed, 91(1), 157–160. doi:https://doi.org/10.23750/abm.v91i1.9397
Gilkey, M. B., Magnus, B. E., Reiter, P. L., McRee, A. L., Dempsey, A. F., & Brewer, N. T. (2014). The Vaccination Confidence Scale: a brief measure of parents’ vaccination beliefs. Vaccine, 32(47), 6259–6265. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.09.007
Gilkey, M. B., McRee, A. L., Magnus, B. E., Reiter, P. L., Dempsey, A. F., & Brewer, N. T. (2016). Vaccination Confidence and Parental Refusal/Delay of Early Childhood Vaccines. PLoS One, 11(7), e0159087. doi:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0159087
Guarino, B., Cha, A. E., Wood, J., & Witte, G. (2020). ‘The weapon that will end the war’: First coronavirus vaccine shots given outside trials in U.S. The Washington Post. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2020/12/14/first-covid-vaccines-new-york/
Hernandez, R. G., Hagen, L., Walker, K., O’Leary, H., & Lengacher, C. (2021). The COVID-19 vaccine social media infodemic: healthcare providers’ missed dose in addressing misinformation and vaccine hesitancy. Hum Vaccin Immunother, 17(9), 2962–2964. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2021.1912551
Hotez, P., Batista, C., Ergonul, O., Figueroa, J. P., Gilbert, S., Gursel, M., & Bottazzi, M. E. (2021). Correcting COVID-19 vaccine misinformation: Lancet Commission on COVID-19 Vaccines and Therapeutics Task Force Members. EClinicalMedicine, 33, 100780. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.100780
Kaiser Family Foundation (2021). COVID-19 Vaccine Monitor Dashboard. Retrieved from https://www.kff.org/coronavirus-covid-19/dashboard/kff-covid-19-vaccine-monitor-dashboard/
Krawczyk, K., Chelkowski, T., Laydon, D. J., Mishra, S., Xifara, D., Gibert, B., & Bhatt, S. (2021). Quantifying Online News Media Coverage of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Text Mining Study and Resource. J Med Internet Res, 23(6), e28253. doi:https://doi.org/10.2196/28253
Loomba, S., de Figueiredo, A., Piatek, S. J., de Graaf, K., & Larson, H. J. (2021). Measuring the impact of COVID-19 vaccine misinformation on vaccination intent in the UK and USA. Nat Hum Behav, 5(3), 337–348. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01056-1
Lu, P. J., Hung, M. C., Srivastav, A., Grohskopf, L. A., Kobayashi, M., Harris, A. M., & Williams, W. W. (2021). Surveillance of Vaccination Coverage Among Adult Populations -United States, 2018. MMWR Surveill Summ, 70(3), 1–26. doi:https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.ss7003a1
National Foundation for Infectious Diseases. (2020). Issue Brief: The Impact of COVID-19 on US Vaccination Rates. NFID website
Olive, J. K., Hotez, P. J., Damania, A., & Nolan, M. S. (2018). The state of the antivaccine movement in the United States: A focused examination of nonmedical exemptions in states and counties. PLoS Med, 15(6), e1002578. doi:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002578
Patel Murthy, B., Zell, E., Kirtland, K., Jones-Jack, N., Harris, L., Sprague, C., & Gibbs-Scharf, L. (2021). Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Administration of Selected Routine Childhood and Adolescent Vaccinations – 10 U.S. Jurisdictions, March-September 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 70(23), 840–845. doi:https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7023a2
Reiter, P. L., Gower, A. L., Kiss, D. E., Malone, M. A., Katz, M. L., Bauermeister, J. A., & McRee, A. L. (2020). A Web-Based Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Intervention for Young Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex With Men: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc, 9(2), e16294. doi:https://doi.org/10.2196/16294
Reiter, P. L., Pennell, M. L., & Katz, M. L. (2020). Acceptability of a COVID-19 vaccine among adults in the United States: How many people would get vaccinated? Vaccine, 38(42), 6500–6507. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.08.043
Schumaker, E. (2021). April 19, 2021). All US adults now eligible for COVID-19 vaccines. Retrieved from https://abcnews.go.com/Health/adults-now-eligible-covid-19-vaccines/story?id=77163212
Silva, J., Bratberg, J., & Lemay, V. (2021). COVID-19 and influenza vaccine hesitancy among college students. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2021.05.009
Wheldon, C. W., Daley, E. M., Walsh-Buhi, E. R., Baldwin, J. A., Nyitray, A. G., & Giuliano, A. R. (2018). An Integrative Theoretical Framework for HPV Vaccine Promotion Among Male Sexual Minorities. Am J Mens Health, 12(5), 1409–1420. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1557988316652937
Wismans, A., Thurik, R., Baptista, R., Dejardin, M., Janssen, F., & Franken, I. (2021). Psychological characteristics and the mediating role of the 5 C Model in explaining students’ COVID-19 vaccination intention. PLoS One, 16(8), e0255382. doi:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255382
Wiysonge, C. S., Ndwandwe, D., Ryan, J., Jaca, A., Batouré, O., Anya, B. M., & Cooper, S. (2021). Vaccine hesitancy in the era of COVID-19: could lessons from the past help in divining the future? Hum Vaccin Immunother, 18(1), 1–3. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2021.1893062
World Health Organization (2019). Ten threats to global health in 2019. 2019. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news-room/spotlight/ten-threats-to-global-health-in-2019