Nở hoa tảo độc trong các ao hồ tại khu dân cư và sân golf ở Nam Carolina

Anderson, D. M. (1989). Toxic algal blooms and red tides: A global perspective. In T. Okaichi, D. M. Anderson, & T. Nemoto (Eds.), Red Tides: Biology, Environmental Science and Toxicology (pp. 11-16). New York: Elsevier Science. Anderson, D. M., Glibert, P. M., & Burkholder, J. M. (2002). Harmful algal blooms and eutrophication: nutrient sources, composition, and consequences. Estuaries, 25, 704-726. Anderson, M. E. (1985). Determination of glutathione and glutathione disulfide in biological samples. Methods in Enzymology, 113, 548-555. Bailey, W. P. (1996). Population trends in the coastal area, concentrating on South Carolina. In F. J. Vernberg, W. B. Vernberg, & T. Siewicki (Eds.), Sustainable Development in the Southeastern Coastal Zone (pp. 55-73). Columbia, South Carolina: University of South Carolina Press. Berard A., & Benninghoff, C. (2001). Pollution-induced community tolerance (PICT) and seasonal variations in the sensitivity of phytoplankton to atrazine in nanocosms. Chemosphere, 45, 427-437. Biddanda, B., & Benner, R. (1997). Carbon, nitrogen, and carbohydrate fluxes during the production of particulate and dissolved organic matter by marine phytoplankton. Limnology and Oceanography, 42, 506-518. Bricker, S. B., Clement, C. G., Pirhalla, D. E., Orlando, S. P., & Farrow, D. R. G. (1999). National Estuarine Eutrophication Assessment: Effects of Nutrient Enrichment in the Nation's Estuaries. Silver Spring, Maryland: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, Special Projects Office and the National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science. Burkholder, J. M. (2001). Eutrophication and oligotrophication. In S. Levin (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Biodiversity, Volume 2 (pp. 649-670). New York: Academic Press. Burkholder, J. M., & Glasgow, H. B. Jr. (1997). The ichthyotoxic dinoflagellate, Pfiesteria piscicida: Behavior, impacts, and environmental controls. Limnology and Oceanography, 42, 1052-1075. Burkholder, J. M., Glasgow, H. B. Jr., & Hobbs, C. W. (1995). Fish kills linked to a toxic ambush-predator dinoflagellate: distribution and environmental conditions. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 124, 43-61. Carlsson, P., & Granéli, E. (1998). Utilization of dissolved organic matter (DOM) by phytoplankton, including harmful species. In D. M. Anderson, A. D. Cembella, & G. M. Hallegraeff (Eds.), Physiological Ecology of Harmful Marine Phytoplankton (pp. 509-524). Paris: UNESCO. Carlsson, P., Granéli, E., & Segatto, A. Z. (1999). Cycling of biologically available nitrogen in riverine humic substances between marine bacteria, a heterotrophic nanoflagellate and a photosynthetic dinoflagellate. Aquatic Microbial Ecology, 18, 23-36. CENR. (2000). National Assessment of Harmful Algal Blooms in U.S. Waters. Washington, D.C.: National Science and Technology Council Committee on Environment and Natural Resources. D'Elia, C. F., Steudler, P. A., & Corwin, N. (1977). Determination and total nitrogen in aqueous samples using persulfate digestion. Limnology and Oceanography, 22, 760-764. DeLorenzo, M. E., Lauth, J., Pennington, P. L., Scott, G. I., & Ross, P. E. (1999a). Atrazine effects on the microbial food web in tidal creek mesocosms. Aquatic Toxicology, 46, 241-251. DeLorenzo, M. E., Scott, G. I., & Ross, P. E. (1999b). Effects of the agricultural pesticides atrazine, deethylatrazine, endosulfan, and chlorpyrifos on an estuarine microbial food web. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 18, 2824-2835. DeLorenzo, M. E., Scott, G. I., & Ross, P. E. (2001). Toxicity of pesticides to aquatic microorganisms: A review. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 20, 84-98. Doblin, M. A., Blackburn, S. I., & Hallegraeff, G. M. (1999). Growth and biomass stimulation of the toxic dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum (Graham) by dissolved organic substances. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 236, 33-47. Edvardsen, B., & Paasche, E. (1998). Bloom dynamics and physiology of Prymnesium and Chrysochromulina. In D. M. Anderson, A. D. Cembella, & G. M. Hallegraeff (Eds.), Physiological Ecology of Harmful Marine Phytoplankton (pp. 193-208). Paris: UNESCO. GEOHAB (2001). Global Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms, Science Plan. P. Glibert & G. Pitcher (Eds.). Baltimore and Paris: SCOR and IOC. Glasgow, H. B. Jr., Burkholder, J. M., Mallin, M. A., Deamer-Melia, N. J., & Reed, R. E. (2001). Field ecology of toxic Pfiesteria complex species and a conservative analysis of their role in estuarine fish kills. Environmental Health Perspectives (supplement 5), 109, 715-730. Glibert, P. M., Magnien, R., Lomas, M. W., Alexander, J., Fan, C., Haramoto, E., Trice, M., and Kana, T. M. (2001). Harmful algal blooms in the Chesapeake and coastal bays of Maryland, USA: Comparison of 1997, 1998, and 1999 events. Estuaries, 24, 875-883. Glibert, P. M., & Terlizzi, D. E. (1999). Cooccurrence of elevated urea levels and dinoflagellate blooms in temperate estuarine aquaculture ponds. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 65, 5594-5596. Hallegraeff, G. M. (1993). A review of harmful algal blooms and their apparent global increase. Phycologia, 32, 79-99. Ittekot, V., Brockmann, U., Michaelis, W., & Degens, E. T. (1981). Dissolved free and combined carbohydrates during a phytoplankton bloom in the northern North Sea. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 4, 299-305. Kempton, J. W., Lewitus, A. J., Deeds, J. R., Law, J. McH., & Place, A. R. (2002). Toxicity of Karlodinium micrum (Dinophyceae) associated with a fish kill in a South Carolina brackish retention pond. Harmful Algae, 1, 233-241. Keppler, C. J., & Ringwood, A. H. (2001). Expression of p-glycoprotein in southeastern oysters, Crassostrea virginica. Marine Environmental Research, 52, 81-96. Khan, S., Arakawa, O., & Onoue, Y. (1996). Neurotoxin production by a chloromonad Fibrocapsa japonica (Raphidophyceae). Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 27, 254-263. Khan, S., Arakawa, O., & Onoue, Y. (1997). Neurotoxins in a toxic red tide of Heterosigma akashiwo (Raphidophyceae) in Kagoshima Bay, Japan. Aquaculture Research, 28, 9-14. Kondo, K., Seike, Y., & Date, Y. (1990). Red tides in the brackish Lake Nakanoumi (III) The stimulative effects of organic substances in the interstitial water of bottom sediments and in the excreta from Skeletonema costatum on the growth of Prorocentrum minimum. Bulletin of the Plankton Society of Japan, 37, 34-47. Lewitus, A. J., Burkholder, J. M., Glasgow, H. B. Jr., Glibert, P. M., Willis, B. M., Hayes, K. C., & Burke, M. K. (1999). Mixotrophy and nutrient uptake by Pfiesteria piscicida (Dinophyceae). Journal of Phycology, 35, 1430-1437. Lewitus, A. J., Hayes, K. C., Gransden, S. G., Glasgow, H. B. Jr., Burkholder, J. M., Glibert, P. M., & Morton, S. L. (2001). Ecological characterization of a widespread Scrippsella red tide in South Carolina estuaries: a newly observed phenomenon. In G. M. Hallegraeff, S. Blackburn, C. Bolch, & R. Lewis (Eds.), Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Harmful Algal Blooms (pp. 129-132). Paris: IOC UNESCO. Lewitus, A. J., Hayes, K. C., Willis, B. M., Burkholder, J. M., Glasgow, H. B. Jr., Holland, A. F., Maier, P., Rublee, P. A., & Magnien, R. (2002). Low abundance of the dinoflagellates, Pfiesteria piscicida, P. shumwayae, and Cryptoperidiniopsis spp. in South Carolina estuaries: Relevance as reference sites to areas impacted by Pfiesteria toxic events. Estuaries, 25, 586-597. Lewitus, A. J., & Holland, A. F. (2003). Initial results from a multi-institutional collaboration to monitor harmful algal blooms in South Carolina. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 81, 361-371. Lewitus, A. J., & Kana, T. M. (1994). Responses of estuarine phytoplankton to exogenous glucose: Stimulation versus inhibition of photosynthesis and respiration. Limnology and Oceanography, 39, 182-189. Lewitus, A. J., & Kana, T. M. (1995). Light respiration in six estuarine phytoplankton clones: contrasts under autotrophic and mixotrophic growth conditions. Journal of Phycology, 31, 754-761. Lewitus, A. J., Koepfler, E. T., & Pigg, R. (2000). Use of dissolved organic nitrogen by a salt marsh phytoplankton bloom community. Archives of Hydrobiology Special Issues on Advances in Limnology, 55, 441-456. Li, A., Stoecker, D. K., & Coats, D. W. (2000). Spatial and temporal aspects of Gyrodinium galatheanum in Chesapeake Bay: distribution and mixotrophy. Journal of Plankton Research, 22, 2105-2124. Lomas, M. W., Glibert, P. M., Clougherty, D. A., Huber, D. A., Jones, J., Alexander, J., & Haramoto, E. (2001). Elevated organic nutrient ratios associated with brown tide blooms of Aureococcus anophagefferens (Pelagophyceae). Journal of Plankton Research, 23, 1339-1344. Lowe, D. M., Moore, M. N., & Evans, B. M. (1992). Contaminant impact on interactions of molecular probes with lysosomes in living hepatocytes from dab Limanda limanda. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 91, 135-140. Lund, J. W. G., Kipling, C., & LeCren, E. D. (1958). The inverted microscope method of estimating algal numbers and the statistical basis of estimates by counting. Hydrobiologia 11, 143-170. Mallin, M. A., & Wheeler, T. L. (2000). Nutrient and fecal coliform discharge from coastal North Carolina golf courses. Journal of Environmental Quality, 29, 979-986. Nielsen, M. V. (1993). Toxic effect of the marine dinoflagellate Gymnodinium galatheanum on juvenile cod Gadus morhua. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 95, 273-277. Paerl, H. W. (1997). Coastal eutrophication and harmful algal blooms: Importance of atmospheric deposition and groundwater as “new” nitrogen and other nutrient sources. Limnology and Oceanography, 42, 1152-1165. Pennington, P. L., & Scott, G. I. (2001). Toxicity of atrazine to the estuarine phytoplankter Pavlova sp (Prymnesiophyceae): Increased sensitivity after long-term, low-level population exposure. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 20, 2237-2242. Redfield, A. C. (1958). The biological control of chemical factors in the environment. American Scientist, 46, 205-22. Ringwood, A. H., Conners, D., & Hoguet, J. (1998). The effects of natural and anthropogenic stressors on lysosomal destabilization in oysters, Crassostrea virginica. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 166, 163-171. Ringwood, A. H., Conners, D. E., Keppler, C. J., & Dinovo, A. (1999). Biomarker studies with juvenile oysters (Crassostrea virginica) deployed in-situ. Biomarkers, 4, 400-414. Smayda, T. J. (1989). Primary production and the global epidemic of phytoplankton blooms in the sea: a linkage? In E.M. Cosper, V. M. Bricelj, & E. J. Carpenter (Eds.), Novel Phytoplankton Blooms (pp. 449-484). New York: Coastal and Estuarine Studies No. 35, Springer-Verlag. Smayda, T. J. (1990). Novel and nuisance phytoplankton blooms in the sea: Evidence for a global epidemic. In E. Granéli, B. Sundström, L. Edler, & D. M. Anderson (Eds.), Toxic Marine Phytoplankton (pp. 29-40). New York: Elsevier Science. Smayda, T. J. (1998). Ecophysiology and bloom dynamics of Heterosigma akashiwo (Raphidophyceae). In D. M. Anderson, A. D. Cembella, & G. M. Hallegraeff (Eds.), Physiological Ecology of Harmful Marine Phytoplankton (pp. 113-131). Paris: UNESCO. Stoecker, D. M. (1999). Mixotrophy among dinoflagellates. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, 46, 397-401. Twiner, M. J., Dixon, S. J., & Trick, C. G. (2001). Toxic effects of Heterosigma akashiwo do not appear to be mediated by hydrogen peroxide. Limnology and Oceanography, 46, 1400-1405. Vernberg, F. J., Scott, G. I., Strozier, S. H., Bemiss, J., & Daugomah, J. W. (1996). In F. J. Vernberg, W. B. Vernberg, & T. Siewicki (Eds.), Sustainable Development in the Southeastern Coastal Zone (pp. 221-239). Columbia, South Carolina: University of South Carolina Press. Vernberg, F. J., & Vernberg, W. B. (2001). The Coastal Zone. Coumbia, South Carolina: University of South Carolina Press.