Sự khác biệt trong xử lý thính giác đối với âm thanh phức tạp và đặc tính tín hiệu vocal liên quan đến môi trường sống ở bốn loài chim hót

Zeitschrift für vergleichende Physiologie - Tập 201 - Trang 395-410 - 2015
Jeffrey R. Lucas1, Alejandro Vélez1,2, Kenneth S. Henry3
1Department of Biological Sciences, Lilly Hall, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
2Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, USA
3Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, USA

Tóm tắt

Chúng tôi đã nghiên cứu khả năng xử lý tạm thời của các phức hợp âm tông hài ở hai loài rừng (chim tit cu cườm và chim nuthatch ngực trắng) và hai loài sống ở môi trường mở (chim sẻ nhà và chim sẻ vương miện trắng). Việc xử lý bao bọc và cấu trúc tinh vi được định lượng bằng cách sử dụng phản ứng theo dõi bao bọc (EFR) và phản ứng theo dõi tần số (FFR). Chúng tôi dự đoán rằng EFR sẽ mạnh mẽ hơn ở các loài sống trong môi trường mở dựa trên bộ lọc thính giác rộng hơn và sự điều chế biên độ lớn hơn của các tín hiệu vocal trong nhóm này. Chúng tôi dự đoán rằng FFR sẽ mạnh mẽ hơn ở các loài rừng dựa trên bộ lọc thính giác hẹp hơn. Như đã dự đoán, biên độ EFR thường lớn nhất ở các loài sống ở môi trường mở. Ngược lại, biên độ FFR lớn nhất ở chim sẻ vương miện trắng mà không có sự khác biệt rõ ràng giữa các môi trường sống. Kết quả này không thể được giải thích hoàn toàn bởi sự khác biệt về hình dạng audiogram giữa các loài và có thể phản ánh sự phức tạp âm thanh lớn hơn của các bài hát ở chim sẻ vương miện trắng. Cuối cùng, chúng tôi quan sát thấy FFR mạnh mẽ hơn ở các loài rừng khi âm tông được phát sóng cùng với hài tiếp theo trong phức hợp. Do đó, những loài như nuthatch có các bài hát với hài mạnh có thể xử lý những âm thanh này bằng cách sử dụng xử lý quang phổ tăng cường thay vì xử lý biên độ bao bọc tăng cường. Kết quả này gợi ý về sự đồng tiến hóa giữa thiết kế tín hiệu và khả năng xử lý tạm thời của các tín hiệu phức tạp và nhấn mạnh sự cần thiết phải nghiên cứu khả năng xử lý thính giác với sự đa dạng của các tín hiệu.

Từ khóa

#xử lý thính giác #âm thanh phức tạp #chim hót #động vật học #môi trường sống

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