Ngăn ngừa HIV và chăm sóc HIV cho thanh thiếu niên chuyển giới và đa dạng giới: thiết kế và thực hiện một giao thức nghiên cứu đa địa điểm theo phương pháp hỗn hợp tại Hoa Kỳ

Laura Jadwin-Cakmak1, Sari L. Reisner2,3,4, Jaclyn M. W. Hughto2,5, Liz Salomon3, Miguel Martinez6, Elliot Popoff1, Bré Rivera7, Gary W. Harper1
1Department of Health Behavior & Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, USA
2The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, USA
3Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
4Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
5Departments of Epidemiology and Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, USA
6Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Center for Transyouth Health and Development, Los Angeles, USA
7Trans Sistas of Color Project, Highland Park, USA

Tóm tắt

Tóm tắt Nền tảng Tại Hoa Kỳ, các cộng đồng chuyển giới và đa dạng giới (TGD) phải đối mặt với những rào cản cấu trúc, giữa cá nhân và cá nhân trong việc tiếp cận dịch vụ chăm sóc sức khỏe. Tuy nhiên, những trải nghiệm về phòng ngừa và điều trị HIV của thanh thiếu niên TGD tại Hoa Kỳ vẫn chưa được hiểu rõ. Nghiên cứu hiện tại được phát triển để lấp đầy khoảng trống nghiên cứu này. Phương pháp Bài viết này mô tả giao thức nghiên cứu cho một nghiên cứu hỗn hợp đa địa điểm tại Hoa Kỳ nhằm xác định các yếu tố thuận lợi và cản trở đa cấp ảnh hưởng đến sự tham gia của thanh thiếu niên TGD trong các giai đoạn phòng ngừa HIV khác nhau (ví dụ: tiếp nhận biện pháp dự phòng trước phơi nhiễm) và sự chăm sóc liên tục. Một mẫu gồm các thanh thiếu niên TGD đa dạng trong độ tuổi từ 16–24 đã được tuyển dụng từ 14 địa điểm tại Hoa Kỳ. Các thanh thiếu niên TGD tham gia đã hoàn thành một lần ghé thăm trực tiếp bao gồm quy trình đồng ý thông tin, điều tra định lượng qua máy tính, và phỏng vấn định tính sâu về trải nghiệm tiếp cận dịch vụ phòng ngừa HIV và/hoặc chăm sóc sức khỏe. Các nhà cung cấp dịch vụ cho thanh thiếu niên TGD được tuyển dụng từ 14 địa điểm đó và đã thực hiện một lần gọi điện thoại bao gồm đồng ý thông tin, bảng hỏi nhân khẩu học và phỏng vấn định tính sâu về trải nghiệm của họ trong việc cung cấp dịch vụ phòng ngừa hoặc điều trị HIV cho thanh thiếu niên TGD. Kết quả Tổng cộng, 186 thanh thiếu niên TGD trong độ tuổi 16–24 và 59 nhà cung cấp dịch vụ cho thanh thiếu niên TGD đã được tuyển dụng và ghi danh từ 14 địa điểm trên toàn nước Mỹ. Các thanh thiếu niên TGD có độ tuổi trung bình là 20,69; 77,3% là thanh thiếu niên thuộc nhóm sắc tộc; 59,7% là chuyển giới nữ; 15,5% là chuyển giới nam; 24,9% không thuộc nhị nguyên; 53,6% có thu nhập gia đình dưới mức nghèo. Các nhà cung cấp dịch vụ bao gồm cả nhà cung cấp y tế và sức khỏe tâm thần cũng như quản lý trường hợp/ điều phối chăm sóc, nhân viên tư vấn xét nghiệm HIV và giáo dục sức khỏe/cán bộ truyền thông. Các nhà cung cấp bao gồm 81,3% là người sinh ra đã xác định giới tính và 30,5% là người thuộc nhóm sắc tộc. Những thành công với các chiến lược gắn kết cộng đồng và các phương pháp nghiên cứu xác thực giới được báo cáo.

Từ khóa

#HIV #phòng ngừa HIV #chăm sóc HIV #thanh thiếu niên TGD #nghiên cứu đa địa điểm

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