HIV as a risk factor for cardiac disease in Botswana: a cross-sectional study

International Health - Tập 4 - Trang 30-37 - 2012
Thomas Schwartz1,2,3,4, Girgis Magdi3, Tore W. Steen5,6, Ivar Sjaastad1,2,7
1Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
2Institute for Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Oslo, Norway
3Princess Marina Hospital, Ministry of Health, Gaborone, Botswana
4Department for International Collaboration, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
5Ministry of Health, Gaborone, Botswana
6Health and Welfare Authority, Oslo, Norway
7Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway

Tài liệu tham khảo

WHO. The global burden of disease: 2004 update. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2008. http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf [accessed 12 December 2011]. Gaziano, 2008, Global burden of cardiovascular disease, 1 Ntusi, 2009, Epidemiology of heart failure in sub-Saharan Africa, Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther, 7, 169, 10.1586/14779072.7.2.169 Ikeme, 1972, Tropical idiopathic cardiomegaly, East Afr Med J, 49, 890 Opie, 2005, Hypertension in sub-Saharan African populations, Circulation, 112, 3562, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.539569 McLaren, 1975, Epidemiology of rheumatic heart disease in Black schoolchildren of Soweto, Johannesburg, Br Med J, 3, 474, 10.1136/bmj.3.5981.474 Mayosi, 2007, Contemporary trends in the epidemiology and management of cardiomyopathy and pericarditis in sub-Saharan Africa, Heart, 93, 1176, 10.1136/hrt.2007.127746 Steyn, 2005, Risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in Africa: the INTERHEART Africa study, Circulation, 112, 3554, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.563452 Walker, 1997, Coronary heart disease: outlook for Africa, J R Soc Med, 90, 23, 10.1177/014107689709000108 Kengne, 2005, Cardiovascular complications of diabetes mellitus in sub-Saharan Africa, Circulation, 112, 3592, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.544312 Sliwa, 2008, Spectrum of heart disease and risk factors in a Black urban population in South Africa (the Heart of Soweto Study): a cohort study, Lancet, 371, 915, 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60417-1 Stewart, 2011, Standing at the crossroads between new and historically prevalent heart disease: effects of migration and socio-economic factors in the Heart of Soweto cohort study, Eur Heart J, 32, 492, 10.1093/eurheartj/ehq439 Magula, 2003, Cardiac involvement in HIV-infected people living in Africa: a review, Cardiovasc J S Afr, 14, 231 Ntsekhe, 2005, Impact of human immunodeficiency virus infection on cardiovascular disease in Africa, Circulation, 112, 3602, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.549220 Central Statistics Office and National AIDS Coordinating Agency B, 2009 UNAIDS/WHO. Epidemiological fact sheet on HIV and AIDS. Core data on epidemiology and response: Botswana, October 2008. Geneva: UNAIDS/WHO Working Group on Global HIV/AIDS and STI Surveillance; latest data update 3 October 2008. http://apps.who.int/globalatlas/predefinedReports/EFS2008/full/EFS2008_BW.pdf [accessed 12 December 2011]. Bussmann, 2008, Five-year outcomes of initial patients treated in Botswana's National Antiretroviral Treatment Program, AIDS, 22, 2303, 10.1097/QAD.0b013e3283129db0 Sliwa, 2006, Peripartum cardiomyopathy, Lancet, 368, 687, 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69253-2 AHA medical/scientific statement. 1994 revisions to classification of functional capacity and objective assessment of patients with diseases of the heart. Circulation 1994;90:644–5. Lang RM, Bierig M, Devereux RB, et al. Chamber Quantification Writing Group; American Society of Echocardiography's Guidelines and Standards Committee; European Association of Echocardiography. Recommendations for chamber quantification: a report from the American Society of Echocardiography's Guidelines and Standards Committee and the Chamber Quantification Writing Group, developed in conjunction with the European Association of Echocardiography, a branch of the European Society of Cardiology. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2005;18:1440–63. Steen, 2007, Two and a half years of routine HIV testing in Botswana, J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 44, 484, 10.1097/QAI.0b013e318030ffa9 Wilcox, 1992, Cardiovascular system, 99 Gardner, 1994 Edmunds, 1979, Idiopathic cardiomyopathy in Botswana, J Trop Med Hyg, 82, 14 Reuter, 2005, Role of chest radiography in diagnosing patients with tuberculous pericarditis, Cardiovasc J S Afr, 16, 108 Amoah, 2000, Aetiology of heart failure as seen from a national cardiac referral centre in Africa, Cardiology, 93, 11, 10.1159/000006996 Mayosi, 2005, Tuberculous pericarditis, Circulation, 112, 3608, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.543066 Mayosi, 2006, Clinical characteristics and initial management of patients with tuberculous pericarditis in the HIV era: the Investigation of the Management of Pericarditis in Africa (IMPI Africa) registry, BMC Infect Dis, 6, 2, 10.1186/1471-2334-6-2 Reuter, 2005, Epidemiology of pericardial effusions at a large academic hospital in South Africa, Epidemiol Infect, 133, 393, 10.1017/S0950268804003577 Twagirumukiza, 2007, Prevalence of dilated cardiomyopathy in HIV-infected African patients not receiving HAART: a multicenter, observational, prospective, cohort study in Rwanda, Curr HIV Res, 5, 129, 10.2174/157016207779316288 Kristoffersen, 2008, Right and left cardiac function in HIV-infected patients investigated using radionuclide ventriculography and brain natriuretic peptide: a 5-year follow-up study, HIV Med, 9, 180, 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2007.00531.x Pugliese, 2000, Impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV-positive patients with cardiac involvement, J Infect, 40, 282, 10.1053/jinf.2000.0672 Sliwa, 2010, Current state of knowledge on aetiology, diagnosis, management, and therapy of peripartum cardiomyopathy: a position statement from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on peripartum cardiomyopathy, Eur J Heart Fail, 12, 767, 10.1093/eurjhf/hfq120 Sliwa, 2011, Long-term outcome of peripartum cardiomyopathy in a population with high seropositivity for human immunodeficiency virus, Int J Cardiol, 147, 202, 10.1016/j.ijcard.2009.08.022