HIGH-TOOL – a strategic assessment tool for evaluating EU transport policies
Tóm tắt
In this paper the strategic transport policy assessment instrument HIGH-TOOL is presented. The model has been developed for the European Commission, allowing policy-makers to identify the most advantageous transport policies and to strategically evaluate the impacts of transport policies on transport, environment and economy. The main innovation of this policy assessment tool lies in the integration of originally independently functioning models – i.e. passenger and freight demand, demography, and vehicle stock models, as well as economic, environmental and safety assessment models. With its traffic zones at the regional level of NUTS-2 and its aggregated view on the transport system, the instrument has a relatively lean structure avoiding runtime problems, without losing the spatial dimension. What distinguishes HIGH-TOOL from all other European transport policy assessment instruments: the model is an open source tool, it is freely available and does not require any commercial software to be run. In combination with its modular structure the HIGH-TOOL model can relatively easily be adjusted to other modelling methodologies or data. It can also comparatively easily be made responsive to “new” policies which are not in the scope of the current model version. Thus the HIGH-TOOL model lays the foundation for further innovations in the assessment of transport policies and mobility concepts.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Blasi J, Freeman R, Kruse D (2013) The citizens share, reducing inequality in the 21st century. Yale University Press, New Haven & London
Brynjolfsson E, McAfee A (2014) The second machine age. W.W. Norton & Company, New York
Burgess A, Chen T, Snelder M, Schneekloth N, Korzhenevych A, Szimba E, Kraft M, Krail M, Nielsen O, Hansen C, Martino A, Fiorello D, Christidis R (2008) Final report TRANS-TOOLS. In: deliverable D6. Funded by the 6th framework RTD Programme, Delft. Available under http://www.transport-research.info/sites/default/files/project/documents/20100304_172116_94411_TRANSTOOLS%20-%20Final%20Report.pdf Accessed 08 May 2018.
Cascetta E, Coppola P (2013) High speed rail (HSR) induced demand models. Procedia - Soc Behav Sci 111:147–156
Chen M, Bodea G, Huijboom N (2016) Anticipating EU transport sector governance. Paper presented at FORMForum 2016, Brussels
De Ceuster G, van Herbruggen B, Ivanova O, Carlier K, Martino A, Fiorello D (2007) TREMOVE: service contract for the further development and application of the transport and environmental TREMOVE model. Transport and Mobility Leuven. Available under http://www.tmleuven.be/methode/tremove/Final_Report_TREMOVE_9July2007c.pdf Accessed 08 May 2018
De Jong G, Daly AJ, Pieters M, van der Hoorn T (2007) The logsum of an evaluation measure: review of the literature and new results. Transp Res A 41:874–889
Delhaye E, Akkermans L, De Ceuster G, Vanhove F, Bosetti S (2010) Lot 2 Impact Assessments and Evaluations in the field of transport. The preparation of the European Road Safety Action Program 2011–2020. Not publicly available
European Commission (2009) Impact Assessment Guidelines SEC(2009) 92. Available under. http://ec.europa.eu/smart-regulation/impact/commission_guidelines/docs/iag_2009_en.pdf. Accessed 8 May 2018
European Commission (2011a) Roadmap to a Single European Transport Area - Towards a competitive and resource efficient transport system COM(2011) 144 final. Available under http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52011DC0144&from=EN. Accessed 08 May 2018.
European Commission (2011b) The 2012 Ageing Report: Underlying Assumptions and Projection Methodologies. Eur Econ 4(2011). https://doi.org/10.2765/15373
European Commission (2013) EU energy, transport and GHG emissions trends to 2050. Reference scenario 2013. Available under https://ec.europa.eu/transport/sites/transport/files/media/publications/doc/trends-to-2050-update-2013.pdf Accessed 08 May 2018.
European Union (2013) REGULATION (EU) No 1316/2013 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 11 December 2013 establishing the Connecting Europe Facility, amending Regulation (EU) No 913/2010 and repealing Regulations (EC) No 680/2007 and (EC) No 67/2010. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32013R1316&from=EN Accessed 08 May 2018.
Fagnant DJ, Kockelman KM (2014) The travel and environmental implications of shared autonomous vehicles, using agent-based model scenarios. Transp Res Part C: Emerging Technologies 40(2014):1–13
Harper CD, Hendrickson CT, Mangones S, Samaras C (2016) Estimating potential increases in travel with autonomous vehicles for the non-driving, elderly and people with travel-restrictive medical conditions. Transp Res Part C: Emerging Technologies 72:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2016.09.003
Hars A (2014) Wie revolutionär sind selbstfahrende Fahrzeuge – eine Wirkungskettenanalyse. In: Proff H (ed) Radikale Innovationen in der Mobilität – Technische und betriebswirtschaftliche Aspekte. Springer Gabler, Wiesbaden
Ivanova O (2014) Modelling inter-regional freight demand with input–output, gravity and SCGE methodologies. In: Modelling freight transport 2014, pp 13–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-410400-6.00002-1
Ivanova O, Kancs A, Stelder D (2011) Modelling inter-regional trade flows: data and methodological issues in Rhomolo. ERSA conference papers, ersa10p500.
IWW, SMA, Wien TU (2001) Magistrale für Europa, Schlussbericht. Cofounded by the European Commission under the INTERREG II C programme, Karlsruhe
Kiel J, Laparidou K, Smith R, van Meijeren J, Chahim M, Szimba E, Kraft M, Ihrig J, Mandel B, Berki Z, Székely A, Purwanto J, Corthout R, Larrea E, van Grol R, de Bok M (2016b) Validating the HIGH-TOOL Model: results of checks and implemented case studies. In: HIGH-TOOL Deliverable D8.2. project co-funded by the European Commission under the 7th Framework Programme, Zoetermeer, Karlsruhe Available under http://www.high-tool.eu/public_content/downloads/HT_D_8_2_v1_1.pdf Accessed 08 May 2018
Kiel J, Smith R, Laparidou K (2016a) Documentation: Updated Input Database for the HIGH-TOOL Model, HIGH-TOOL Deliverable D3.2. project co-funded by the European Commission under the 7th Framework Programme, Zoetermeer/Karlsruhe Available under http://www.high-tool.eu/public_content/downloads/HT_D_3_2_v1_1.pdf Accessed 05 September 2018
Mandel B, Kraft M, Schnell O, Klar R, Ihrig J, Szimba E, Smith R, Laparidou K, Chahim M, Corthout R, Purwanto J (2016) Final Structure of the HIGH-TOOL Model. In: HIGH-TOOL Deliverable D2.2. project co-funded by the European Commission under the 7th Framework Programme, Karlsruhe Available under http://www.high-tool.eu/public_content/downloads/HT_D_2_2_v1_2.pdf Accessed 08 May 2018
McIntosh BS, Ascough IIJC, Twery M, Chew J, Elmahdi A, Haase D, Harou J, Hepting D, Cuddy S, Jakeman AJ, Chen S, Kassahun A, Lautenbach S, Matthews K, Merritt W, Quinn NWT, Rodriguez-Rodan I, Sieber S, Stavenga M, Sulis A, Ticehurst J, Volk M, Wrobel M, van Delden H, El-Sawah S, Rizzoli A, Voinov A (2011) Environmental decision support systems (EDSS) development - challenges and best practices. Environ Model Softw 26(12):1389–1402
National Research Council (2010) Persistent forecasting of disruptive technologies. The. National Academies Press, Washington, DC. https://doi.org/10.17226/12557.
NEA (2007) TRANSTOOLS – Mode Split Model, Revisions for TRANSTOOLS Version, vol 1, p 3
Newton S, Kawabata Y, Smith R (2015) NEAC 10. Modelling Description 2015. Panteia, Zoetermeer
Nilsson M, Jordan A, Turnpenny J, Hertin J, Nykvist B, Russel D (2008) The use and non-use of policy appraisal tools in public policy making: an analysis of three European countries and the European Union. Policy Science 41:335–355. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11077-008-9071-1
Ortúzar JD, Willumsen LG (2011) Modelling transport, 4th edn. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester
Papadimitrio G, Ntziachristos L, Wüthrich P, Notter B, Keller M, Fridell E, Winnes H, Styhre L, Sjödin A (2013) Transport data collection supporting the quantitative analysis of measures relating to transport and climate change Project acronym: TRACCS. Available under http://emisia.com/sites/default/files/TRACCS_Final.pdf Accessed 08 May 2018
Sieber S, Amjath-Babu TS, BS MI, Tscherning K, Müller K, Helming K, Pohle D, Fricke K, Verweij P, Pacini C, Jansson T, Gomez y Paloma S (2013) Evaluating the characteristics of a non-standardised Model Requirements Analysis (MRA) for the development of policy impact assessment tools. Environ Model Softw 49:53–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2013.07.007
Szimba E (2016) Final Report, HIGH-TOOL. In: Deliverable D10.5. Project co-funded by the European Commission under the 7th Framework Programme, Karlsruhe Available under http://www.high-tool.eu/public_content/downloads/HT_Final_Report.pdf Accessed 08 May 2018
Szimba E, Ihrig J, Kraft M, Schimke A, Schnell O, Newton S, Kawabata J, Versteegh R, Smith R, van Meijeren J, Jin-Xue H, de Stasio C, Fermi F, Breemersch T (2013) ETISplus Database – Content and Methodology. Deliverable D6 of ETISplus (European transport information system). Report financed by the European Commission (7th RTD Programme), Zoetermeer Available under http://www.tmleuven.be/project/etisplus/01-D6-Final-V1.3-CH1-2-3%20W97.pdf Accessed 08 May 2018
Szimba E, Mandel B, Kraft M, Ihrig J (2017) A decision support tool for the strategic assessment of transport policies – structure of the tool and key features. Transp Res Procedia 25:2843–2860. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2017.05.262
Szimba E, Orschiedt Y (2017) How beneficial is fully automated driving in urban areas from a socio-economic point of view? Proceedings of the conference Future City 2017: urban sustainable development and mobility. University of Transport and Communications, Hanoi
United Nations (2014) UN world population prospects. Available under http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/. Accessed 08 May 2018.
Van Grol R, De Bok M, De Jong G, Van Eck G, Ihrig J, Kraft M, Szimba E, Mandel B, Ivanova O, Corthout R, Purwanto J, Smith R, Laparidou K, Helder E, Grebe S, Székely A (2016b) Elasticities and Equations of the HIGH-TOOL model (Final Version). In: HIGH-TOOL Deliverable D4.3. Project co-funded by the European Commission under the 7th Framework Programme, Karlsruhe Available under http://www.high-tool.eu/public_content/downloads/HT_D_4_3_v1_2.pdf Accessed 08 May 2018
van Meijeren J, Davydenko I, Chahim M, Szimba E, Kraft M, Ihrig J, Smith R, Laparidou T, Purwanto J, Corthout R (2016) Validation by Coherence Checks, HIGH-TOOL Deliverable D8.1, project co-funded by the European Commission under the 7th Framework Programme, Karlsruhe
Vickerman R (1996) High-speed rail in Europe: experience and issues for future development. Ann Reg Sci 31(1):21–38. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001680050037
Wood R, Stadler K, Bulavskaya T, Lutter S, Giljum S, de Koning A, Kuenen J, Schütz H, Acosta-Fernández J, Usubiaga A, Simas M, Ivanova O, Weinzettel J, Schmidt JH, Merciai S, Tukker A (2015) Global sustainability accounting-developing EXIOBASE for multi-regional footprint analysis. Sustainability 7(1):138–163. https://doi.org/10.3390/su7010138