Hören und Kognition: neurokognitive Testbatterien in der HNO-Heilkunde
Tóm tắt
Hören und Kognition sind eng miteinander verknüpft. Um Sprachverstehen zu ermöglichen, sind kognitive Fähigkeiten insbesondere unter suboptimalen Hörbedingungen von Bedeutung. Umgekehrt deuten Untersuchungen darauf hin, dass bei Vorliegen einer Hörstörung der geistige Abbau schneller voranschreitet als bei Normalhörenden. Ein Hörverlust hat jedoch auch Auswirkungen auf die meist auditiv basierte Kognitionstestung. Mit zunehmendem Alter steigt nicht nur das Risiko für sensorische, sondern auch für kognitive Defizite. Diese finden derzeit in der Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde allerdings kaum Berücksichtigung. Dargestellt werden eine Übersicht und Wertung der gängigen deutschsprachigen neurokognitiven Testbatterien für Ältere unter Berücksichtigung der verschiedenen Testmodalitäten und -schwerpunkte. Bislang sind eine Vielzahl neurokognitiver Tests, sowohl in Form von Screeningtests als auch in Form von ausführlichen Testverfahren, v. a. im Bereich der Demenzdiagnostik verfügbar. Sensorischen Defiziten wird jedoch bislang in der Testdurchführung wie auch in der Auswertung und Interpretation derselben kaum Beachtung geschenkt. Normierte Daten für Schwerhörige fehlen derzeit vollständig. Mit Blick auf die demografische Entwicklung und die Bias von Hören und Kognition sollte künftig eine Überprüfung der neurokognitiven Fähigkeiten im Rahmen eines Basisassessments auch Eingang in die allgemeine klinische HNO-Heilkunde finden. Demgegenüber können ausführliche neuropsychologische Testverfahren wissenschaftlichen Fragestellungen oder der Hörrehabilitation vorbehalten bleiben.
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