Growth response, body composition and fatty acid profile of Caspian brown trout (Salmo trutta Caspius) juvenile fed diets containing different levels of soybean phosphatidylcholine

AOAC (1995) Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Official methods of analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 16th edn. AOAC, Arlington AOCS (2009) American Oil Chemists’ Society official method: Ca 12b-92. Phosphorus by direct graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Available via DIALOG. http://www.aocs.org/tech/onlinemethods/search.cfm?id=128&process=view Bell JG, Dick JR, Sargent JR (1993) Effects of diets rich in linoleic or α-linolenic acid on phospholipid fatty acid composition and eicosanoid production in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar. Lipids 28:819–826 Bell JG, Tocher DR, Farndale BM, Cox DI, McKinney RW, Sargent JR (1997) The effect of dietary lipid on polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar undergoing parr-smolt transformation. Lipids 32:515–525 Caballero MJ, Obach A, Rosenlund G, Montero D, Gisvold M, Izquierdo MS (2002) Impact of different lipid sources on growth, lipid digestibility, tissue fatty acid composition and histology of rainbow trout, Oncorhyncus mykiss. Aquaculture 214:253–271 Cahu C, Zambonino Infante J, Barbosa V (2003) Effect of dietary phospholipid level and phospholipid:neutral lipid value on the development of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae fed a compound diet. Br J Nutr 90:21–28 Coutteau P, Camara MR, Sorgeloos P (1996) The effect of different levels and sources of dietary phosphatidylcholine on the growth, survival, stress resistance, and fatty acid composition of postlarval Penaeus vannamei. Aquaculture 147:261–273 Coutteau P, Kontara EKM, Sorgeloos P (2000) Comparison of phosphatidylcholine purified from soybean and marine fish roe in the diet of postlarval Penaeus vannamei Boone. Aquaculture 181:331–345 Craig SR, Gatlin DM (1997) Growth and body composition of juvenile red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) fed diets containing lecithin and supplemental choline. Aquaculture 151:259–267 Folch J, Lees M, Sloan-Stanley GH (1957) A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues. J Biol Chem 226:497–509 Fonseca-Madrigal J, Karalazos V, Campbell PJ, Bell JG, Tocher DR (2005) Influence of dietary palm oil on growth, tissue fatty acid compositions, and fatty acid metabolism in liver and intestine in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquac Nutr 11:241–250 Fontagné S, Geurden I, Escaffre AM, Bergot P (1998) Histological changes induced by dietary phospholipids in intestine and liver of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) larvae. Aquaculture 161:213–223 Fontagné S, Burtaire L, Corraze G, Bergot P (2000) Effects of dietary medium-chain triacylglycerols (tricaprylin and tricaproin) and phospholipid supply on survival, growth and lipid metabolism in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) larvae. Aquaculture 190:289–303 Garg ML, Thomson ABR, Clandinin MT (1990) Interactions of saturated, n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids to modulate arachidonic acid metabolism. J Lipid Res 31:271–277 Geurden I, Radünz-Neto J, Bergot P (1995) Essentiality of dietary phospholipids for carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) larvae. Aquaculture 131:303–314 Geurden I, Bergot P, Schwarz L, Sorgeloos P (1998) Relationship between dietary phospholipids class composition and neutral lipid absorption in newly-weaned turbot, shape Scophthalmus maximus. Fish Physiol Biochem 19:217–228 Greene DHS, Selivonchick DP (1990) Effects of dietary vegetable, animal and marine lipids on muscle lipid and hematology of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture 89:165–182 Guillou A, Soucy P, Khalil M, Adambounou L (1995) Effects of dietary vegetable and marine lipid on growth, muscle fatty acid composition and organoleptic quality of flesh of brook charr. Salvelinus fontinalis. Aquaculture 136:351–362 Hamza N, Mhetli M, Khemis IB, Cahu C, Kestemont P (2008) Effect of dietary phospholipids levels on performance, enzyme activities and fatty acid composition of pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) larvae. Aquaculture 275:274–282 Henderson RJ, Tocher DR (1987) Lipid composition and biochemistry of freshwater fish. Prog Lipid Res 26:281–347 Huang SSY, Fu CHL, Higgs DA, Balfry SK, Schulte PM, Brauner CJ (2008) Effects of dietary canola oil level on growth performance, fatty acid composition and ionoregulatory development of spring chinook salmon parr, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. Aquaculture 274:109–117 Kanazawa A (1993) Essential phospholipids of fish and crustaceans. In: Kaushik SJ, Luquet P (eds) Fish nutrition in practice. 4th international symposium on fish nutrition and feeding. INRA, Paris, pp 519–530 Kanazawa A (1997) Effects of docosahexaenoic acid and phospholipids on stress tolerance of fish. Aquaculture 155:129–134 Kanazawa A, Teshima S, Inamori S, Iwashita T, Nagao A (1981) Effects of phospholipids on survival rate and incidence of malformation in the larval ayu. Mem Fac Fish Kagoshima Univ 30:301–309 Kiabi BH, Abdoli A, Naderi M (1999) Status of fish fauna in the south Caspian basin of Iran. J Zool Middle East 18:57–65 Koven WM, Kolkowski S, Tandler A, Kissil GW, Sklan D (1993) The effect of dietary lecithin and lipase, as a function of age, on n-9 fatty acid incorporation in the tissue lipids of Sparus aurata larvae. Fish Physiol Biochem 10:357–364 Liu J, Caballero MJ, Izquierdo MS, El-Sayed Ali T, Hernández-Cruz CM, Valencia A, Fernández-Palacios H (2002) Necessity of dietary lecithin and eicosapentaenoic acid for growth, survival, stress resistance and lipoprotein formation in gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata. Fish Sci 68:1165–1172 Moksness E, Kjørsvik E, Olsen Y (eds) (2004) Culture of cold-water marine fish. Blackwell, Garsington Morais S, Conceição lEC, Rønnestad I, Koven W, Cahu C, Zambonino-Infante JL, Dinis MT (2007) Dietary neutral lipid level and source in marine fish larvae: Effects on digestive physiology and food intake. Aquaculture 268:106–122 Moreau Y, Arredondo J, Perraud-Gaime I, Roussos S (2003) Dietary utilization of protein and energy from fresh and ensiled coffee pulp by the Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Braz Arch Biol Technol 46:223–231 NRC (National Research Council) (1993) Nutrient requirements of warmwater fishes and shellfishes, revised edn. National Academy Press, Washington, p 225 Olsen RE, Ringo E (1992) Lipids of Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus L. II. Influence of dietary fatty acids on the elongation and desaturation of linoleic and linolenic acids. Fish Physiol Biochem 9:393–399 Poston HA (1990) Effect of body size on growth, survival and chemical composition of Atlantic salmon fed soy lecithin and choline. Progr Fish Cult 52:226–230 Poston HA (1991) Response of Atlantic salmon fry to feed-grade lecithin and choline. Progr Fish Cult 53:224–228 Quillet E, Faure A, Chevassus B, Kreig F, Harache Y, Arzel J, Metaille R, Boeuf G (1992) The potential of brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) for mariculture in temperate waters. ICEL Agric Sci 6:63–76 Rinchard J, Czesny S, Dabrowski K (2007) Influence of lipid class and fatty acid deficiency on survival, growth, and fatty acid composition in rainbow trout juveniles. Aquaculture 264:363–371 Ruyter B, Moya-Falcon C, Rosenlund G, Vegusdal A (2006) Fat content and morphology of liver and intestine of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): effects of temperature and dietary soybean oil. Aquaculture 252:441–452 Sargent O, Bell G, McEvoy L, Tocher D, Estevez A (1999) Recent developments in the essential fatty acid nutrition of fish. Aquaculture 177:191–199 Sargent JR, Tocher DR, Bell JG (2002) The lipids. In: Halver JE, Hardy RW (eds) Fish nutrition, 3rd edn. Elsevier, USA, pp 181–257 Segner H, Rösch R, Verreth J, Witt U (1993) Larval Nutritional Physiology: Studies with Clarias gariepinus, Coregonus lavaretus and Scophthalmus maximus. J World Aquac Soc 24:121–134 Seiliez I, Bruant JS, Zambonino infante JL, Kaushiki S, Bergoti P (2006) Effect of dietary phospholipid level on the development of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) larvae fed a compound diet. Aquac Nutr 12:372–378 Storebakken T, Refstie S, Ruyter B (2000) Soy products as fat and protein sources in fish feeds for intensive aquaculture. In: Drachley JK (ed) Soy in animal nutrition, Proceedings of the 6th world soybean research conference. Federation of Animal Science Societies, Savoy, pp 127–170 Takeuchi T, Arakawa T, Satoh S, Watanabe T (1992) Supplemental effect of phospholipids and requirement of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid of juvenile striped jack. Nippon Suisan Gakkai Shi 58:707–713 Tocher DR (2003) Metabolism and functions of lipids and fatty acids in teleost fish. Rev Fish Sci 11:1–78 Tocher DR, Bell JG, MacGlaughlin PB, McGheea F, Dick JR (2001) Hepatocyte fatty acid desaturation and polyunsaturated fatty acid composition of liver in salmonids: effects of dietary vegetable oil. Comp Biochem Physiol B 130:257–270 Tocher DR, Bell JG, Dick JR, Crampton VO (2003) Effects of dietary vegetable oil on Atlantic salmon hepatocyte fatty acid desaturation and liver fatty acid compositions. Lipids 38:723–732 Tocher DR, Bendiksen EA, Campbell PJ, Bell JG (2008) The role of phospholipids in nutrition and metabolism of teleost fish. Aquaculture 280:21–34 Torstensen BE, Frøyland L, Lie Ø (2004) Replacing dietary fish oil with increasing levels of rapeseed oil and olive oil—effects on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) tissue and lipoprotein lipid composition and lipogenic enzyme activities. Aquac Nutr 10:175–192 Uyan O, Koshio S, Ishikawa M, Yokoyama S, Uyan S, Ren T, Henandaz LHH (2009) The influence of dietary phospholipid level on the performances of juvenile amberjack, Seriola dumerili, fed non-fishmeal diets. Aquac Nutr 15:550–557