Growth and metabolism of basil grown in a new-concept microcosm under different lighting conditions

Aldarkazali, 2019, The growth and development of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) and bush basil (Ocimum minimum) grown under three light regimes in a controlled environment, Agronomy, 9, 743, 10.3390/agronomy9110743 Amaki, 2011, Effects of light quality on the growth and essential oil content in sweet basil, Acta Hortic., 907, 91, 10.17660/ActaHortic.2011.907.9 Avercheva, 2016, Optimizing LED lighting for space plant growth unit: joint effects of photon flux density, red to white ratios and intermittent light pulses, Life Sci. Space Res., 11, 29, 10.1016/j.lssr.2016.12.001 Avgoustaki, 2019, Optimization of photoperiod and quality assessment of basil plants grown in a small-scale indoor cultivation system for reduction of energy demand, Energies, 12, 3980, 10.3390/en12203980 Bantis, 2016, Artificial LED lighting enhances growth characteristics and total phenolic content of Ocimum basilicum, but variably affects transplant success, Sci. Hortic., 198, 277, 10.1016/j.scienta.2015.11.014 Bengough, 1990, Mechanical impedance to root growth: a review of experimental techniques and root growth responses, J. Soil Sci., 41, 341, 10.1111/j.1365-2389.1990.tb00070.x Berim, 2014, Unexpected roles for ancient proteins: flavone 8-hydroxylase in sweet basil trichomes is a rieske-type, PAO-family oxygenase, Plant J., 80, 385, 10.1111/tpj.12642 Bula, 1991, Light-emitting diodes as a radiation source for plants, HortScience, 26, 203, 10.21273/HORTSCI.26.2.203 Carvalho, 2016, Light quality dependent changes in morphology, antioxidant capacity, and volatile production in sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum), Front. Plant Sci., 7, 1328, 10.3389/fpls.2016.01328 Cassab, 2013, Root hydrotropism: an update, Am. J. Bot., 100, 14, 10.3732/ajb.1200306 Cataldi, 2003, Ionic content in plant extracts determined by ion chromatography with conductivity detection, Phytochem. Anal., 14, 176, 10.1002/pca.700 Ch, 2015, Biological and pharmacological properties of the sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum), J. Pharm. Res. Int., 7, 330 Chianese, 2019, PM2.5 and PM10 in the urban area of Naples: chemical composition, chemical properties and influence of air masses origin, J. Atmos. Chem., 76, 151, 10.1007/s10874-019-09392-3 Corrado, 2020, Successive harvests affect yield, quality and metabolic profile of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), Agronomy, 10, 830, 10.3390/agronomy10060830 Costa, 2013, Application of low intensity light pulses to delay postharvest senescence of Ocimum basilicum leaves, Postharvest Biol. Technol., 86, 181, 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2013.06.017 D'Urso, 2019, LC-ESI/LTQOrbitrap/MS based metabolomics in analysis of Myrtus communis leaves from Sardinia (Italy), Ind. Crops Prod., 128, 354, 10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.11.022 Darko, 2018, Photosynthesis under artificial light: the shift in primary and secondary metabolism, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B, 369 Dou, 2019, Photosynthesis, morphology, yield, and phytochemical accumulation in basil plants influenced by substituting green light for partial red and/or blue light, HortScience, 54, 1769, 10.21273/HORTSCI14282-19 Dou, 2018, Responses of sweet basil to different daily light integrals in photosynthesis, morphology, yield, and nutritional quality, HortScience, 53, 496, 10.21273/HORTSCI12785-17 Elsherbiny, 2017, Fungitoxicity of organic extracts of Ocimum basilicum on growth and morphogenesis of Bipolaris species (teleomorph Cochliobolus), J. Appl. Microbiol., 123, 841, 10.1111/jam.13543 Farag, 2016, Anti-acetylcholinesterase potential and metabolome classification of 4 Ocimum species as determined via UPLC/qTOF/MS and chemometric tools, J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 125, 292, 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.03.037 Folta, 2008, Light as a growth regulator: controlling plant biology with narrow-bandwidth solid-state lighting systems, HortScience, 43, 1957, 10.21273/HORTSCI.43.7.1957 Fortezza, 2020, The EDEN ISS facility as platform for plant experiments in extreme environments, Aerotec. Missili Spaz., 99, 171, 10.1007/s42496-020-00051-5 Frąszczak, 2014, Growth rate of sweet basil and lemon balm plants grown under fluorescent lamps and led modules, Acta Sci. Pol. Hortorum Cultus, 13, 3 Goto, 2012, Plant production in a closed plant factory with artificial lighting, Acta Hortic., 956, 37, 10.17660/ActaHortic.2012.956.2 Gupta, 2007, Constituents of Ocimum sanctum with antistress activity, J. Nat. Prod., 70, 1410, 10.1021/np0700164 Hodge, 2009, Plant root growth, architecture and function, Plant Soil, 321, 153, 10.1007/s11104-009-9929-9 Hosseini, 2019, Photosynthetic and growth responses of green and purple basil plants under different spectral compositions, Physiol. Mol. Biol. Plants, 25, 741, 10.1007/s12298-019-00647-7 Ioannidis, 2002, UV-B is required for normal development of oil glands in Ocimum basilicum L. (sweet basil), Ann. Bot., 90, 453, 10.1093/aob/mcf212 Jayasinghe, 2003, Phenolics composition and antioxidant activity of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), J. Agric. Food Chem., 51, 4442, 10.1021/jf034269o Johnson, 1999, Substantial UV-B-mediated induction of essential oils in sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), Phytochemistry, 51, 507, 10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00767-5 Johnson, 2019, Flavor-cyber-agriculture: optimization of plant metabolites in an open-source control environment through surrogate modeling, PLoS ONE, 14, 10.1371/journal.pone.0213918 Jones, 1982, Hydroponics: its history and use in plant nutrition studies, J. Plant Nutr., 5, 1003, 10.1080/01904168209363035 Kaspar, 1992, Soil temperature and root growth, Soil Sci., 154, 290, 10.1097/00010694-199210000-00005 Khaki, 2011, Effect of ocimum basilicum on apoptosis in testis of rats after exposure to electromagnetic field, Afr. J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 5, 1534, 10.5897/AJPP11.384 Khoramtabrizi, 2020, Effects of different artificial light spectra on growth of lettuce in a continuous light plant factory system, Acta Hortic., 1271, 101, 10.17660/ActaHortic.2020.1271.14 Kozai, 2006, Commercialized closed systems with artificial lighting for plant production, Acta Hortic., 711, 61, 10.17660/ActaHortic.2006.711.5 Larsen, 2020, Response of basil growth and morphology to light intensity and spectrum in a vertical farm, Front. Plant Sci., 11, 10.3389/fpls.2020.597906 Litvin, 2020, Effects of supplemental light source on basil, dill, and parsley growth, morphology, aroma, and flavor, J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci., 145, 18, 10.21273/JASHS04746-19 Lobiuc, 2017, Blue and Red LED Illumination improves growth and bioactive compounds contents in acyanic and cyanic Ocimum basilicum L. microgreens, Molecules, 22, 2011, 10.3390/molecules22122111 Massa, 2008, Plant productivity in response to LED lighting, HortScience, 43, 1951, 10.21273/HORTSCI.43.7.1951 Matysiak, 2019, White, blue and red LED lighting on growth, morphology and accumulation of flavonoid compounds in leafy greens, Zemdirb. Agric., 106, 281, 10.13080/z-a.2019.106.036 McMichael, 1998, Soil temperature and root growth, HortScience, 33, 947, 10.21273/HORTSCI.33.6.947 Meng, 2019, Far-red radiation interacts with relative and absolute blue and red photon flux densities to regulate growth, morphology, and pigmentation of lettuce and basil seedlings, Sci. Hortic., 255, 269, 10.1016/j.scienta.2019.05.030 Milenković, 2019, New technology in basil production with high essential oil yield and quality, Ind. Crops Prod., 140, 10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.111718 Morrow, 2008, Led lighting in horticulture, HortScience, 43, 1947, 10.21273/HORTSCI.43.7.1947 Mosadegh, 2018, Applications of UV-B lighting to enhance phenolic accumulation of sweet basil, Sci. Hortic., 229, 107, 10.1016/j.scienta.2017.10.043 Naiji, 2018, Nutritional value and mineral concentrations of sweet basil under organic compared to chemical fertilization, Acta Sci. Pol. Hortorum Cultus, 17, 167, 10.24326/asphc.2018.2.14 Nazir, 2019, Differential production of phenylpropanoid metabolites in callus cultures of Ocimum basilicum L. with distinct in vitro antioxidant activities and in vivo protective effects against UV stress, J. Agric. Food Chem., 67, 1847, 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05647 Naznin, 2019, Blue light added with red LEDs enhance growth characteristics, pigments content, and antioxidant capacity in lettuce, spinach, kale, basil, and sweet pepper in a controlled environment, Plants, 8, 93, 10.3390/plants8040093 Nuissier, 2010, Chicoric acid from Syringodium filiforme, Food Chem., 120, 783, 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.11.010 Olle, 2013, The effects of light-emitting diode lighting on greenhouse plant growth and quality, Agric. Food Sci., 22, 223, 10.23986/afsci.7897 Paradiso, 2019, Growth, photosynthetic activity and tuber quality of two potato cultivars in controlled environment as affected by light source, Plant Biosyst., 153, 725, 10.1080/11263504.2018.1549603 Pennisi, 2019, Unraveling the role of red:blue LED lights on resource use efficiency and nutritional properties of indoor grown sweet basil, Front. Plant Sci., 10, 305, 10.3389/fpls.2019.00305 Pennisi, 2020, Optimal light intensity for sustainable water and energy use in indoor cultivation of lettuce and basil under red and blue LEDs, Sci. Hortic., 272, 10.1016/j.scienta.2020.109508 Peterson, 1988, An intermittent aeroponics system, Crop Sci., 28, 712, 10.2135/cropsci1988.0011183X002800040033x Piovene, 2015, Optimal red:blue ratio in led lighting for nutraceutical indoor horticulture, Sci. Hortic., 193, 202, 10.1016/j.scienta.2015.07.015 Prinsi, 2020, Insight into composition of bioactive phenolic compounds in leaves and flowers of green and purple basil, Plants, 9, 22, 10.3390/plants9010022 Rahman, 2021, LED illumination spectrum manipulation for increasing the yield of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), Plants, 10, 344, 10.3390/plants10020344 Rufí-Salís, 2020, Exploring nutrient recovery from hydroponics in urban agriculture: an environmental assessment, Resour. Conserv. Recycl., 155, 10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.104683 Saha, 2016, Growth, yield, plant quality and nutrition of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) under soilless agricultural systems, Ann. Agric. Sci., 61, 181, 10.1016/j.aoas.2016.10.001 Samuoliene, 2012, The impact of supplementary short-term red LED lighting on the antioxidant properties of microgreens, Acta Hortic., 956, 649, 10.17660/ActaHortic.2012.956.78 Schenkels, 2020, Green light induces shade avoidance to alter plant morphology and increases biomass production in Ocimum basilicum L, Sci. Hortic., 261, 10.1016/j.scienta.2019.109002 Schreiber, 2004, Pulse-amplitude-modulation (PAM) fluorometry and saturation pulse method: an overview, 19 SharathKumar, 2020, Vertical farming: moving from genetic to environmental modification, Trends Plant Sci., 25, 724, 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.05.012 Shiga, 2009, Effect of light quality on rosmarinic acid content and antioxidant activity of sweet basil, Ocimum basilicum L, Plant Biotechnol., 26, 255, 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.26.255 Sifola, 2006, Growth, yield and essential oil content of three cultivars of basil grown under different levels of nitrogen in the field, Sci. Hortic., 108, 408, 10.1016/j.scienta.2006.02.002 Simeoni, 2018, Analysis of polyphenols in the lamiaceae family by matrix solid-phase dispersion extraction followed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry determination, ACS Omega, 3, 17610, 10.1021/acsomega.8b02239 Singh, 2015, LEDs for energy efficient greenhouse lighting, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 49, 139, 10.1016/j.rser.2015.04.117 Szymańska, 2012, Double-check: validation of diagnostic statistics for PLS-DA models in metabolomics studies, Metabolomics, 8, 3, 10.1007/s11306-011-0330-3 Tarakanov, 2012, Light-emitting diodes: on the way to combinatorial lighting technologies for basic research and crop production, Acta Hortic., 956, 171, 10.17660/ActaHortic.2012.956.17 Taulavuori, 2016, Species-specific differences in synthesis of flavonoids and phenolic acids under increasing periods of enhanced blue light, Environ. Exp. Bot., 121, 145, 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2015.04.002 Teng, 2020, Characterizing nutrient composition and concentration in Tomato, basil, and lettuce-based aquaponic and hydroponic systems, Water, 12, 1259, 10.3390/w12051259 Tenore, 2017, Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of traditional green and purple “napoletano” basil cultivars (Ocimum basilicum L.) from campania region (Italy), Nat. Prod. Res., 31, 2067, 10.1080/14786419.2016.1269103 Tshilanda, 2015, Anti-sickling activity of ursolic acid isolated from the leaves of Ocimum gratissimum L. (Lamiaceae), Nat. Prod. Bioprospect., 5, 215, 10.1007/s13659-015-0070-6 Venuprasad, 2017, Chemical composition of Ocimum sanctum by LC-ESI–MS/MS analysis and its protective effects against smoke induced lung and neuronal tissue damage in rats, Biomed. Pharmacother., 91, 1, 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.04.011 Viršilė, 2017, LED lighting in horticulture, 113 Walters, 2021, Leveraging controlled-environment agriculture to increase key basil terpenoid and phenylpropanoid concentrations: the effects of radiation intensity and CO2 concentration on consumer preference, Front. Plant Sci., 11, 10.3389/fpls.2020.598519 Watjanatepin, 2020, Increasing growth and yield of sweet basil and holy basil by application of far-red radiation for indoor horticulture, J. Eng. Appl. Sci., 15, 1709, 10.36478/jeasci.2020.1709.1716 Zengin, 2019, Comprehensive approaches on the chemical constituents and pharmacological properties of flowers and leaves of American basil (Ocimum americanum L), Food Res. Int., 125, 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108610 Zhang, 2017, A comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) of lighting technologies for greenhouse crop production, J. Clean. Prod., 140, 705, 10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.01.014 Zhen, 2021, Why far-red photons should be included in the definition of photosynthetic photons and the measurement of horticultural fixture efficacy, Front. Plant Sci., 12, 10.3389/fpls.2021.693445