Ngân sách carbon trong mùa sinh trưởng của hệ sinh thái đồng cỏ núi cao ở lưu vực Hồ Thanh Hải: một nguồn carbon liên tục trong thế kỷ này theo mô hình Biome-BGC
Tóm tắt
Đồng cỏ núi cao là một trong những hệ sinh thái quan trọng nhất ở Cao nguyên Thanh Hải-Tây Tạng (QTP), và rất nhạy cảm với biến đổi khí hậu cũng như hoạt động của con người. Vì vậy, việc làm rõ chính xác tình trạng hiện tại và dự đoán xu hướng tương lai trong ngân sách carbon của hệ sinh thái đồng cỏ núi cao là rất quan trọng. Mục tiêu của nghiên cứu này là khám phá tính khả thi của mô hình Biome-BGC (BBGC) ở lưu vực Hồ Thanh Hải (QLB), xác định các tham số chính ảnh hưởng đến sự biến đổi của trao đổi hệ sinh thái ròng (NEE), và tiếp tục dự đoán các xu hướng tương lai trong ngân sách carbon ở QLB.
Đồng cỏ núi cao chủ yếu hoạt động như một bể chứa carbon trong mùa sinh trưởng. Đối với các yếu tố sinh thái - sinh lý, các tham số YEL (Ngày trong năm để kết thúc sự rụng lá), YSNG (Ngày trong năm để bắt đầu sinh trưởng mới), CLEC (Hệ số suy giảm ánh sáng tán lá), FRC:LC (Tỷ lệ carbon của rễ mới: carbon của lá mới), SLA (Diện tích lá trung bình đặc trưng của tán lá), C:Nlá (C:N của lá), và FLNR (Phân số nitrogen trong lá Rubisco) được xác nhận là bảy tham số hàng đầu ảnh hưởng đến ngân sách carbon của đồng cỏ núi cao. Đối với các yếu tố khí tượng, độ nhạy của NEE đối với lượng mưa lớn hơn so với sự thiếu hụt áp suất hơi (VPD), và lớn hơn cả đối với bức xạ so với nhiệt độ không khí. Hơn nữa, tác động kết hợp của hai yếu tố khí tượng khác nhau đối với NEE cao hơn tác động riêng lẻ của từng yếu tố. Trong tương lai, sự ấm lên và độ ẩm tăng sẽ làm tăng khả năng thu giữ carbon của đồng cỏ núi cao trong mùa sinh trưởng, nhưng sự ấm lên cực đoan (trên 3.84 ℃) sẽ làm giảm NEE (khoảng 2.9%) trong kịch bản SSP5-8.5.
Tổng quát, hệ sinh thái đồng cỏ núi cao ở QLB hiện tại và trong tương lai nhìn chung hoạt động như một bể chứa carbon. Điều này có ý nghĩa rất lớn cho việc đạt được mục tiêu trung hòa carbon và quản lý các hệ sinh thái núi cao.
Từ khóa
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