Gravitational Waves and Gamma-Rays from a Binary Neutron Star Merger: GW170817 and GRB 170817A

Astrophysical Journal Letters - Tập 848 Số 2 - Trang L13 - 2017
B. P. Abbott1, R. Abbott1, E. Thrane2, F. Acernese3,4, K. Ackley5,6, C. Adams7, P. Addesso8, R. X. Adhikari1, C. Affeldt9, James Green10, B. Agarwal11, M. Agathos12, K. Agatsuma13, N. Aggarwal14, O. D. Aguiar15, L. Aiello16,17, A. Ain18, P. Ajith19, B. Allen20,9,21, A. Allocca22,23, M. Á. Aloy24, P. A. Altin25, A. Amato26, A. Ananyeva1, S. B. Anderson1, W. G. Anderson21, S. V. Angelova27, S. Antier28, S. Appert1, K. Arai1, M. C. Araya1, J. S. Areeda29, N. Arnaud30,28, K. G. Arun31, S. Ascenzi32,33, G. Ashton9, M. Ast34, S. M. Aston7, P. Astone35, D. V. Atallah36, P. Aufmuth20, C. Aulbert9, C. Austin37, A. Avila-Alvarez29, S. Babak38, P. Bacon39, F. Badaracco13, P. T. Baker40, F. Bondu41,42, F. Barone30, S. W. Ballmer43, J. C. Barayoga44, S. E. Barclay45, B. C. Barish1, D. Barker46, B. Barr45, L. Barsotti14, M. Barsuglia39, M. Bejger47, J. Bartlett46, I. Bartos48,6, R. Bassiri49, A. Basti22,23, J. C. Bayley45, M. Bazzan50,51, B. Bécsy52, C. Beer9, I. Belahcene28, J. K. Behr45, B. K. Berger1, G. Bergmann9, R. Abbott53, C. P. L. Berry54, D. Bersanetti55, A. Bertolini13, J. Betzwieser7, S. Bhagwat43, R. Bhandare56, I. A. Bilenko57, G. Billingsley1, C. R. Billman6, J. Birch7, R. Birney58, S. Biscans1,14, S. Biscoveanu5,59, A. Bisht20, M. Bitossi30,22, C. Biwer43, J. K. Blackburn1, Jonathan Blackman60, C. D. Blair1,61, D. G. Blair61, S. Bloemen62, O. Bock9, N. Bode9, M. Boër63, G. Bogaert63, A. Bohé38, E. Bonilla49, R. Bonnand64, B. A. Boom13, R. Bork1, V. Boschi30,22, S. Bose18,65, K. Bossie7, Y. Bouffanais39, A. Bozzi30, C. Bradaschia22, P. R. Brady21, M. Branchesi16,17, J. E. Brau66, H. Overmier67, A. Brillet63, M. Brinkmann9, V. Brisson28, P. Brockill21, J. E. Broida68, A. F. Brooks1, D. Brown43, D. D. Brown69, S. Brunett1, C. C. Buchanan2, A. Buikema14, T. Bulik70, D. Buskulic64, C. Buy39, R. L. Byer49, L. Cadonati71, G. Cagnoli26,72, C. Cahillane1, J. Calderón Bustillo71, T. A. Callister1, E. Calloni3,73, M. Canepa74,55, P. Cañizares62, K. C. Cannon75, H. Cao69, C. D. Capano9, E. Capocasa39, F. Carbognani30, J. Casanueva Diaz76, M. F. Carney77, C. Casentini32,33, M. Cavaglià10, R. Cavalieri30, G. Cella22, Giuseppe Castaldi1, P. Cerdá‐Durán24, G. Cerretani22,23, E. Cesarini32,78, S. J. Chamberlin59, P. Charlton45, S. Chao79, E. Chassande–Mottin39, Deep Chatterjee21, Katerina Chatziioannou80, B. D. Cheeseboro40, H. Y. Chen81, X. Chen61, Y. Chen60, H.-P. Cheng6, H. Chia6, A. Chincarini55, A. Chiummo30, T. Chmiel77, H. S. Cho82, M. Cho83, Jong H. Chow25, N. Christensen63,68, Alvin J. K. Chua12, S. Chua67, A. K. W. Chung84, S. Chung61, G. Ciani50,6,51, R. Ciolfi85,86, F. Clara74,55, J. A. Clark71, P. Clearwater87, C. Cocchieri10, E. Coccia16,17, M. Colleoni67, D. Cohen28, Christophe Collette88, L. R. Cominsky89, M. Constancio15, L. Conti50, S. J. Cooper54, T. R. Corbitt2, I. Cordero-Carrión90, K. R. Corley48, N. Cornish91, A. Corsi76, S. Cortese30, C. A. Costa15, Michael W. Coughlin68,1, J.‐P. Coulon63, S. T. Countryman48, P. Couvares1, D. M. Coward92, A. Cumming76, J. Cripe2, S. G. Crowder93, T. J. Cullen29,2, E. Cuoco45, G. Dálya52, S. L. Danilishin20,9, E. Forsi32, K. Danzmann20,9, Arnab Dasgupta94, C. F. Da Silva Costa6, V. Dattilo30, M. Davier28, D. Davis43, E. J. Daw95, S. De43, D. DeBra49, J. Degallaix26, M. De Laurentis16,3, S. Deléglise67, W. Del Pozzo22,54,23, S. Di Pace14, T. Dent9, R. De Pietri96,97, R. De Rosa3,73, R. T. DeRosa7, S. Dhurandhar9, J. Devenson27, L. Di Fiore3, T. Di Girolamo48,3,73, A. Di Lieto22,23, I. Di Palma35,98, F. Di Renzo22,23, Z. Doctor81, V. Dolique26, K. L. Dooley10, S. Doravari9, I. Dorrington36, R. Douglas45, M. Dovale Álvarez54, M. Drago9, A. Ejlli46, Zhihui Du99, P. Dupej45, S. E. Dwyer46, A. Effler95, M. C. Edwards68, H.-B. Eggenstein38,9, P. Ehrens1, R. A. Eisenstein14, R. C. Essick14, D. Estevez64, T. Etzel40, M. Evans14, T. Evans7, M. Factourovich48, V. Fafone16,32,33, H. Fair43, S. Fairhurst36, B. Farr55, Will M. Farr54, M. Favata100, H. Fehrmann9, M. M. Fejer49, A. Fernandez-Galiana14, I. Ferrante22,23, F. Ferrini15, F. Fidecaro22,23, Daniel Finstad43, D. Fiorucci39, M. Fishbach81, M. Fitz-Axen44, R. Flaminio26,101, M. Fletcher45, José A. Font80, J.-D. Fournier63, S. Frasca35,98, F. Frasconi22, Z. Frei52, A. Freise54, R. Frey66, E. M. Fries1, P. Fritschel14, M. Fyffe7, H. Gabbard45, B. U. Gadre18, S. M. Gaebel54, J. R. Gair102, L. Gammaitoni42, M. R. Ganija69, F. Garufi18, C. García-Quirós92, S. Gaudio37, G. Gaur103, N. Gehrels104, B. Gendre55, E. Genin30, A. Gennai22, J. George56, L. Gergely105, S. Ghonge71, Abhirup Ghosh19, Archisman Ghosh19,13, J. A. Giaime7,2, K. D. Giardina7, A. Giazotto22, K. Gill37, E. Goetz106, S. Gomes36, R. Gouaty5, G. González2, A. Gopakumar22,23, M. L. Gorodetsky57, S. E. Gossan1, M. Gosselin30, A. Grado107,3, M. Granata26, C. Gray46, G. Greco108,109, A. C. Green54, E. M. Gretarsson37, H. Grote62, S. Grünewald38, P. Grüning28, X. Guo99, Anchal Gupta59, Manoj Gupta94, R. Gustafson110, O. Halim16,17, E. D. Hall65, J. Hanks45, M. Haney111, C. Hanna59, M. D. Hannam36, J. Hanson84, J. Harms2, I. W. Harry38, K. Haughian80, A. Heidmann53, P. Hello28, G. Hemming30, J. Hennig45, M. Heurs1, S. Hild45, Tanja Hinderer62, D. Hofman26, K. Holt7, Daniel E. Holz81, Philip F. Hopkins36, J. Hough45, E. A. Houston45, E. J. Howell61, Yi-Ming Hu9, E. A. Huerta11, B. Hughey37, T. Huynh–Dinh7, N. Indik9, R. Inta76, G. Intini35,98, H. N. Isa45, J.-M. Isac67, M. Isi1, B. R. Iyer19, T. Jacqmin67, K. Jani71, P. Jaranowski112, F. Jiménez‐Forteza92, Nathan K. Johnson-McDaniel12, D. I. Jones113, R. W. L. Jones45, L. Ju13, C. V. Kalaghatgi36, V. Kalogera114, S. Kandhasamy7, G. Kang115, S. J. Kapadia21, S. Karki66, M. Kasprzack2, W. Kastaun9, M. Katolik11, E. Katsavounidis14, P. Leaci7, S. Kaufer20, K. Kawabe46, F. Kéfélian63, D. Keitel45, A. J. Kemball11, C. Kent36, J. S. Key116, F. Y. Khalili57, I. Khan16,32, S. Khan9, Е. А. Хазанов94, Chunglee Kim117, J. C. Kim118, K. Kim84, W. Kim69, W. S. Kim119, Y.-M. Kim82, S. J. Kimbrell71, E. J. King69, Peter King46, M. Kinley-Hanlon120, R. Kirchhoff9, J. S. Kissel46, L. Kleybolte34, S. Klimenko6, T. D. Knowles40, Patrick M. Koch9, V. Kondrashov9, A. Kontos14, M. Korobko34, I. Kowalska70, V. Kringel9, B. Krishnan9, A. Królak121,122, P. Kumar80, L. Kuo19, A. Kutynia122, S. Kwang21, B. D. Lackey38, M. Landry84, R. N. Lang123, J. Lange53, B. Lantz49, R. K. Lanza14, A. Lartaux-Vollard28, P. D. Lasky5, M. Laxen7, A. Lazzarini1, C. Lazzaro50, C.H. Lee82, H. K. Lee124, H.M. Lee125, Hyung Mok Lee118, A. Lenon40, N. Letendre86,126, Y. Levin5, T. G. F. Li84, S. D. Linker106, T. B. Littenberg127, J. Liu61, N. A. Lockerbie58, L. T. London36, Janet E. Lord43, M. Lorenzini16,17, G. Losurdo22, Geoffrey Lovelace29, D. Lumaca32,33, A. P. Lundgren9, B. Machenschalk36, S. Macfoy27, D. M. Macleod36, I. Magaña Hernandez21, F. Magaña‐Sandoval43, L. Magaña Zertuche43, R. M. Magee59, E. Majorana35, N. Man63, V. Mandic44, G. L. Mansell25, M. Manske25,21, M. Mantovani30, F. Marion64, S. Márka48, S. Morisaki48, A. S. Markosyan11, A. Markowitz1, E. Maros1, Antonio Marquina90, F. Martelli108,109, K. Mason63, R. M. Martin100, A. Masserot64, L. Matone1, M. Masso‐Reid45, S. Mastrogiovanni35,98, N. Mavalvala14, D. E. McClelland65, S. C. McGuire128, J. McIver1, D. J. McManus25, L. Mcneill5, S. T. McWilliams25, J. Meidam59, E. Mejuto-Villa8, A. Melatos87, E. L. Merilh46, M. Merzougui63, S. Meshkov1, C. Messick59, P. M. Meyers44, H. Miao54, L. Milano26, H. Middleton54, Е. Е. Михайлов129, A. Miller35,6,98, J. Miller14, M. Millhouse91, M. C. Milovich-Goff106, O. Minazzoli63,130, Y. Minenkov32, A. Mennella38, C. Mishra131, G. Mitselmakher6, D. Moffa77, A. Moggi22, K. Mogushi10, M. Mohan30, S. R. P. Mohapatra14, M. Montani108,109, C. J. Moore12, G. Moreno46, C. M. Mow–Lowry132, B. Mours64, A. W. Muir36, Arunava Mukherjee9, D. Mukherjee21, Suvodip Mukherjee132, N. Mukund18, A. Mullavey7, J. Münch69, M. Muratore37, K. Napier71, I. Nardecchia32,33, L. 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1LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
2Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
3INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
4Università di Salerno, Fisciano, I-84084 Salerno, Italy
5OzGrav, School of Physics & Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
6University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
7LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA
8University of Sannio at Benevento, I-82100 Benevento, Italy and INFN, Sezione di Napoli, I-80100 Napoli, Italy
9Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
10The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
11NCSA, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
12University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
13Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
14LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
15Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 12227-010 São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
16Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), I-67100 L’Aquila, Italy
17INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, I-67100, Assergi, Italy
18Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
19International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, 560089, India
20Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
21University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
22INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
23Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
24Departamento de Astronomía y Astrofísica, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
25OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
26Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), CNRS/IN2P3, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
27SUPA, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK
28LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91898 Orsay, France
29California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831, USA
30European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina (Pisa), Italy
31Chennai Mathematical Institute, Chennai 603103, India
32INFN Sezione di Roma “Tor Vergata”, I-00133 Roma, Italy
33Università di Roma “Tor Vergata”, I-00133 Roma, Italy
34Universität Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
35INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
36Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
37Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, AZ 86301, USA
38Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
39APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
40West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
41INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
42Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
43Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13244 USA
44University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
45SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
46LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
47Wigner RCP, RMKI, H-1121 Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 29-33, Hungary
48Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
49Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
50INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
51Università di Padova, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, I-35131 Padova, Italy
52Institute of Physics, Eötvös University, Pázmány P. s. 1/A, Budapest 1117, Hungary
53Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
54University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
55INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
56RRCAT, Indore MP 452013, India
57Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
58SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK
59The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
60Caltech CaRT, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
61OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
62Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
63Artemis, Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire Côte d’Azur, CNRS, CS 34229, F-06304 Nice Cedex 4, France
64Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
65Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
66University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA
67Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, UPMC-Sorbonne Universités, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France, F-75005 Paris, France
68Carleton College, Northfield, MN 55057, USA
69OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
70Astronomical Observatory Warsaw University, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
71Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
72Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
73Università di Napoli ‘Federico II,’Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
74Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
75RESCEU, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
76Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
77Kenyon College, Gambier OH 43022, USA
78Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche ”Enrico Fermi”, I-00184, Roma, Italy
79National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, 30013 Taiwan, Republic of China
80Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada
81University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
82Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
83University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
84The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
85INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, I-35122 Padova, Italy
86INFN, Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
87OzGrav, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
88Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels B-1050, Belgium
89Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA 94928, USA
90Departamento de Matemáticas, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
91Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
92Universitat de les Illes Balears, IAC3—IEEC, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
93Bellevue College, Bellevue, WA 98007, USA
94Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar 382428, India
95The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
96Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
97INFN, Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Gruppo Collegato di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
98Università di Roma ‘La Sapienza,’ I-00185 Roma, Italy
99Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
100Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA
101National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
102School of Mathematics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, UK
103University and Institute of Advanced Research, Koba Institutional Area, Gandhinagar Gujarat 382007, India
104IISER-TVM, CET Campus, Trivandrum Kerala 695016, India
105University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9, Szeged 6720, Hungary
106California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Dr, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
107INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, I-80131 Napoli, Italy
108INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
109Università degli Studi di Urbino ‘Carlo Bo,’ I-61029 Urbino, Italy
110University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
111Physik-Institut, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
112University of Białystok, 15-424 Białystok, Poland
113University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
114Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration & Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
115Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 34141, Korea
116University of Washington, Bothell, 18115 Campus Way NE, Bothell, WA 98011, USA
117Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, Daejeon, 34055, Korea
118Inje University Gimhae, South Gyeongsang 50834, Korea
119National Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Daejeon 34047, Korea
120American University, Washington, DC 20016 USA
121Institute of Mathematics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00656 Warsaw, Poland
122NCBJ, 05-400 Świerk-Otwock, Poland
123Hillsdale College, Hillsdale, MI 49242 USA
124Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
125Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
126Università di Trento, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
127Nasa Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35812, USA
128Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
129College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187, USA
130Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 8 quai Antoine Ier, MC-98000, Monaco
131Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
132The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA
133Deceased, 2016 December.
134Whitman College, 345 Boyer Avenue, Walla Walla, WA 99362 USA
135Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400076, India
136Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
137Université de Lyon, F-69361 Lyon, France
138Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, NY 14456, USA
139OzGrav, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
140Janusz Gil Institute of Astronomy, University of Zielona Góra, 65-265 Zielona Góra, Poland
141Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-716, Warsaw, Poland
142King’s College London, University of London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
143Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382424, India
144Institute of Applied Physics, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia
145NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
146Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy, Khandi, Telangana 502285, India
147International Institute of Physics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal RN 59078-970, Brazil
148Trinity University, San Antonio, TX 78212, USA
149VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
150Abilene Christian University, Abilene, TX 79699, USA
151Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
152Center for Space Plasma and Aeronomic Research, University of Alabama in Huntsville, 320 Sparkman Drive, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
153Science and Technology Institute, Universities Space Research Association, Huntsville, AL 35805, USA
154Space Science Department, University of Alabama in Huntsville, 320 Sparkman Drive, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
155Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden St., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
156Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstrasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
157Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
158Politecnico di Bari, Via Edoardo Orabona, 4, I-70126 Bari BA, Italy
159Jacobs Technology, Inc., Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
160Los Alamos National Laboratory, PO Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
161School of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Stillorgan Road, Dublin 4, Ireland
162ISDC, Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, Chemin d’Écogia, 16 CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland
163European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESA/ESTEC), Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands
164INAF-Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Roma, Italy
165DTU Space—National Space Institute Elektrovej—Building 327 DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark
166Centro de Astrobiología (CAB-CSIC/INTA, ESAC Campus), Camino bajo del Castillo S/N, E-28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
167Space Science Group, School of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
1689 Av. Roche, F-31028 Toulouse, France
169IRAP, Université de Toulouse
170DSM/Irfu/Service d’Astrophysique, Bat. 709 Orme des Merisiers CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
171APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
172Space Research Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya 84/32, 117997 Moscow, Russia
173INAF, IASF-Milano, via E.Bassini 15, I-20133 Milano, Italy
174Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 1, Garching b. Munchen D-85741, Germany

Tóm tắt

Abstract On 2017 August 17, the gravitational-wave event GW170817 was observed by the Advanced LIGO and Virgo detectors, and the gamma-ray burst (GRB) GRB 170817A was observed independently by the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor, and the Anti-Coincidence Shield for the Spectrometer for the International Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory. The probability of the near-simultaneous temporal and spatial observation of GRB 170817A and GW170817 occurring by chance is 5.0 × 10 − 8 . We therefore confirm binary neutron star mergers as a progenitor of short GRBs. The association of GW170817 and GRB 170817A provides new insight into fundamental physics and the origin of short GRBs. We use the observed time delay of ( + 1.74 ± 0.05 ) s between GRB 170817A and GW170817 to: (i) constrain the difference between the speed of gravity and the speed of light to be between − 3 × 10 − 15 and + 7 × 10 − 16 times the speed of light, (ii) place new bounds on the violation of Lorentz invariance, (iii) present a new test of the equivalence principle by constraining the Shapiro delay between gravitational and electromagnetic radiation. We also use the time delay to constrain the size and bulk Lorentz factor of the region emitting the gamma-rays. GRB 170817A is the closest short GRB with a known distance, but is between 2 and 6 orders of magnitude less energetic than other bursts with measured redshift. A new generation of gamma-ray detectors, and subthreshold searches in existing detectors, will be essential to detect similar short bursts at greater distances. Finally, we predict a joint detection rate for the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor and the Advanced LIGO and Virgo detectors of 0.1–1.4 per year during the 2018–2019 observing run and 0.3–1.7 per year at design sensitivity.

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