Grasslands—more important for ecosystem services than you might think

Ecosphere - Tập 10 Số 2 - 2019
Jan Bengtsson1, James M. Bullock2, Benis N. Egoh3,4, Colin S. Everson5, T. M. Everson6, T.G. O’Connor7, Patrick O’Farrell8, Henrik G. Smith9,10, Regina Lindborg11,1
1Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Study (STIAS), Wallenberg Research Centre at Stellenbosch University, Marais Street, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
2NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology Benson Lane Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB UK
3Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA.
4Natural Resources and the Environment, CSIR, P.O. Box 320, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa
5Centre for Water Resources Research School of Agriculture, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of KwaZulu-Natal Private Bag X01 Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209 South Africa
6School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa
7South African Environmental Observation Network, PO Box 2600, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
8Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology University of Cape Town Private Baf X3 Rondebosch 7701 Cape Town South Africa
9Centre for Environmental and Climate Research, Lund University, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden
10Department of Biology, Lund University, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden
11Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden

Tóm tắt

AbstractExtensively managed grasslands are recognized globally for their high biodiversity and their social and cultural values. However, their capacity to deliver multiple ecosystem services (ES) as parts of agricultural systems is surprisingly understudied compared to other production systems. We undertook a comprehensive overview of ES provided by natural and semi‐natural grasslands, using southern Africa (SA) and northwest Europe as case studies, respectively. We show that these grasslands can supply additional non‐agricultural services, such as water supply and flow regulation, carbon storage, erosion control, climate mitigation, pollination, and cultural ES. While demand for ecosystems services seems to balance supply in natural grasslands of SA, the smaller areas of semi‐natural grasslands in Europe appear to not meet the demand for many services. We identified three bundles of related ES from grasslands: water ES including fodder production, cultural ES connected to livestock production, and population‐based regulating services (e.g., pollination and biological control), which also linked to biodiversity. Greenhouse gas emission mitigation seemed unrelated to the three bundles. The similarities among the bundles in SA and northwestern Europe suggest that there are generalities in ES relations among natural and semi‐natural grassland areas. We assessed trade‐offs and synergies among services in relation to management practices and found that although some trade‐offs are inevitable, appropriate management may create synergies and avoid trade‐offs among many services. We argue that ecosystem service and food security research and policy should give higher priority to how grasslands can be managed for fodder and meat production alongside other ES. By integrating grasslands into agricultural production systems and land‐use decisions locally and regionally, their potential to contribute to functional landscapes and to food security and sustainable livelihoods can be greatly enhanced.

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Ecosphere

Tập 10 Số 2

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