Azmier, J. (2005). Gambling in Canada 2005. Statistics and context. Edmonton, AB: Canada West Foundation.
Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York, NY: Freeman.
Block, L. G., & Keller, P. A. (1998). Beyond protection motivation: An integrative theory of health appeals. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 28(17), 1584–1608.
Boer, H., Seylder, E. R., & Stalpers, R. (1993). Prospective study of factors associated with repeat participation in breast cancer screening. In H. Schröder, K. Reschke, M. Johnston, & S. Maes (Eds.), Health psychology: Potential in diversity (pp. 230–241). Roderer Verlag: Regensburg.
Bollen, K. A., & Stine, R. (1990). Direct and indirect effects: Classical and bootstrap estimates of variability. Sociological Methodology, 20, 115–140.
Cloutier, M., Ladouceur, R., & Sévigny, S. (2006). Responsible gambling tools: Pop-up messages and pauses on video lottery terminals. Journal of Psychology, 140(5), 434–438.
Cox, D., & Cox, A. D. (2001). Communicating the consequences of early detection: The role of evidence and framing. Journal of Marketing, 65(July), 91–103.
Diskin, C. M., & Hodgins, D. C. (1999). Narrowing of attention and dissociation in pathological video lottery gamblers. Journal of Gambling Studies, 15(1), 17–28.
Ferris, J., Wynne, H., & Single, E. (1999). Measuring problem gambling in Canada: Final report, phase I. Ottawa: Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse.
Floyd, K., Whelan, J. P., & Meyers, A. W. (2006). Use of warning messages to modify gambling beliefs and behaviour in a laboratory investigation. Psychology & Addictive Behaviours, 20(1), 69–74.
Golmier, I., Chebat, J.-C., & Gélinas-Chebat, C. (2007). Can cigarette warnings counterbalance effects of smoking scenes in movies? Psychological Reports, 100, 3–18.
Gray, K. L., Oakley, B. M. A., & Prabhu, V. R., (2007). Systematic review and meta-analysis of studies on early intervention and prevention for problem gambling. Retrieved December 02. 2008 from: http://www.gamblingresearch.org.au, Report prepared for Gambling Research Australia.
Griffiths, M. D. (1990). Addiction to fruit machines: A preliminary study among young males. Journal of Gambling Studies, 6(2), 113–126.
Hammond, D., Fong, G. T., Borland, R., Cummings, M., McNeill, A., & Driezen, P. (2007). Text and graphic warnings on cigarette packages. Findings from the International Tobacco Control Four Country Study. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 32(3), 210–217.
Hammond, D., Fong, G. T., McDonald, P. W., Brown, K. S., & Cameron, R. (2004). Graphic Canadian cigarette warning labels and adverse outcomes: Evidence from Canadian smokers. American Journal of Public Health, 94(8), 1442–1445.
Hodgins, D. C., Makarchuk, K., El-Guebaly, N., & Peden, N. (2002). Why problem gamblers quit gambling: A comparison of methods and samples. Addiction Research and Therapy, 10, 203–218.
Janis, I. L. (1967). Effects of fear arousal on attitude change: Recent developments in theory and experimental research. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 3, pp. 166–224). New York: Academic Press, Inc.
Janis, I., & Feshbach, S. (1953). Effects of fear-arousing communication. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 48, 78–92.
Kees, J., Burton, S., Andrews, J. C., & Kozup, J. (2006). Test of graphic visuals and cigarette package warning combinations: Implications for the framework convention on tobacco control. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 25(2), 212–223.
Korn, D. A., & Shaffer, H. J. (1999). Gambling and the health of the public: Adopting a public health perspective. Journal of Gambling Studies, 15(4), 289.
Ladouceur, R., Sylvain, C., Boutin, C., & Doucet, C. (2000a). Le jeu excessif: Comprendre et vaincre le gambling. Montréal, Canada: Éditions de l’homme.
Ladouceur, R., Vézina, L., Jacques, Ch., & Ferland, F. (2000b). Does a brochure about pathological gambling provide new information? Journal of Gambling Studies, 16(1), 103–107.
Langer, E. J. (1975). The illusion of control. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 32, 311–328.
Laroche, M., Toffoli, R., Zhang, Q., & Pons, F. (2001). A cross-cultural study of the persuasive effects of fear appeal messages in cigarette advertising: China and Canada. International Journal of Advertising, 20, 297–317.
Leventhal, H. (1970). Findings and theory in the study of fear communication. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 5, pp. 119–186). New York: Academic Press.
MacKinnon, D. P., Lockwood, C. M., & Williams, J. (2004). Confidence limits for the indirect effect: Distribution of the product and resampling methods. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 39, 99–128.
Maddux, J. E., & Rogers, R. W. (1983). Protection motivation theory and self-efficacy: A revised theory of fear appeals and attitude change. Journal of ExperimentalSocial Psychology, 19, 467–479.
Maheswaran, D., & Meyers-Levy, J. (1990). The influence of message framing and issue involvement. Journal of Marketing Research, 27(August), 361–367.
Mick, D. G. (1992). Levels of subjective comprehension in advertising processing and their relations to ad. Journal of Consumer Research, 18(4), 411–428.
Miniard, P. W., Bhatla, S., Lord, K. R., Dickson, P. R., & Unnava, H. R. (1991). Picture-based persuasion processes and the moderating role of involvement. Journal of Consumer Research, 18(January), 92–107.
Miyazaki, A. D., Brumbaugh, A. M., & Sprott, D. E. (2001). Promoting and countering consumer misconceptions of random events: The case of perceived control and state-sponsored lotteries. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 20(2), 254–267.
Munoz, Y., Chebat, J. Ch., & Suissa, J. A. (2010). Using fear appeals in warnings labels to promote responsible gambling behavior among VLT players: The key role of depth of information processing. Journal of Gambling Studies, 26, 593–609.
Netemeyer, R. G., Burton, S., Cole, L. K., Williamson, D. A., Zucker, N., Bertman, L., et al. (1998). Characteristics and beliefs associated with probable pathological gambling: A pilot study with implications for the national gambling impact and policy commission. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 17(2), 147–160.
Peracchio, L. A., & Meyers-Levi, J. (2005). Using stylistic properties of Ad pictures to communicate with costumers. Journal of Consumer Research, 32(June), 29–40.
Petty, R. E., & Cacioppo, J. T. (1986). Communication and persuasion: Central and peripheral routes to attitude change. New York, NY: Springer.
Petty, R. E., & Wegener, D. T. (1999). The elaboration likelihood model: Current status and controversies. In S. Chaiken & Y. Trope (Eds.), Dual-process theories in social psychology (pp. 41–72). New York: Guilford.
Pieters, R., & Wedel, M. (2004). Attention capture and transfer in advertising: Brand, pictorial and text-size effects. Journal of Marketing, 68(2), 36–50.
Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2007). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in simple and multiple mediator models (technical report submitted for publication and access on April 2, 2007). Retrieved April 2, 2007, from www.comm.ohio-state.edu/ahayes/indirect2.pdf (The SPSS macro was obtained from www.comm.ohio-state.edu/ahayes/SPSS%20programs/indirect.htm).
Reichert, T., Heckerl, S. E., & Jackson, S. (2001). The effects of sexual social marketing appeals on cognitive processing and persuasion. Journal of Advertising, 30(1), 13–27.
Rogers, R. W. (1975). A protection motivation theory of fear appeals and attitude change. Journal of Psychology, 91, 93–114.
Rogers, R. W. (1983). Cognitive and physiological processes in fear appeals and attitude change: A revised theory of protection motivation. In B. L. Cacioppo & L. L. Petty (Eds.), Social psychophysiology: A source book (pp. 153–176). London: Guildford Press.
Schrans, T., Grace, J., & Schellinck, T. (2004), “2003 NS VL responsible gaming features evaluation” final report: Nova Scotia Gaming Corporation. Retrieved June 26, 2008 from: http://www.nsgc.ca.
Shrout, P. E., & Bolger, N. (2002). Mediation in experimental and nonexperimental studies: New procedures and recommendations. Psychological Methods, 7, 422–445.
Steenbergh, T. (2004). Impact of warning and brief intervention messages on knowledge of gambling risk, irrational belief and behavior. International Journal of Gambling Studies, 4(1), 3–16.
Tanner, J. F., Jr, Hunt, J. B., & Eppright, D. R. (1991). The protection motivation model: A normative model of fear appeals. Journal of Marketing, 55(3), 36–45.
Witte, K., & Allen, M. (2000). A meta-analysis of fear appeals: Implications for effective public health campaigns. Health Education & Behavior, 27(5), 591–615.
Wynne, H. J., & Stinchfield, R. (2004). Evaluating VLT responsible gaming features and interventions in Alberta. Phase I Final Report. Prepared for Alberta Gaming and Liquor Commission.
Zhao, X., Lynch, J. G., Jr, & Chen, Q. (2010). Reconsidering Baron and Kenny: Myths and truths about mediation analysis. Journal of Consumer Research, 37(2), 197–206.