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Cảm biến sinh học điện tử dựa trên graphene
Tóm tắt
Là một vật liệu có độ dày bằng một nguyên tử, graphene có diện tích bề mặt riêng lớn, độ di chuyển điện tử cao và độ nhạy cao với các nhiễu loạn điện tử do sự gắn kết của các phân tử, tất cả đều là những đặc tính hấp dẫn cho việc phát triển các thiết bị cảm biến điện tử. Bài viết này tập trung vào các cảm biến điện tử dựa trên graphene [cảm biến transistor hiệu ứng trường (FET)] để phát hiện các sinh phân tử, bao gồm DNA, protein và vi khuẩn, trong số những thứ khác. Bài viết sẽ đề cập đến ba hình thái của vật liệu graphene trong các ứng dụng cảm biến sinh học: tấm nanosheet graphene, dải nan graphene và graphene được căn chỉnh theo phương thẳng đứng. Cấu trúc và tính chất điện tử độc đáo của graphene cho phép cảm biến FET phát hiện nhanh và ở nồng độ thấp của các sinh phân tử, từ đó khắc phục những hạn chế của các công nghệ cảm biến quang học truyền thống như ELISA, Western Blot và phương pháp điện hóa. Các lợi thế của công nghệ cảm biến dựa trên graphene được làm nổi bật, và những tiến bộ gần đây trong các cảm biến điện tử dựa trên graphene để phát hiện sinh phân tử được xem xét và thảo luận.
Từ khóa
#Graphene #cảm biến sinh học #cảm biến điện tử #DNA #protein #vi khuẩn #transistor hiệu ứng trường (FET)Tài liệu tham khảo
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