Gnotobiotic evaluation of Dalbergia sissoo genotypes for resistance against Fusarium solani via dual culture set up
Tóm tắt
Dalbergia sissoo (shisham), an important multipurpose tree native to the Indian subcontinent and also planted in other countries, has been afflicted with large scale mortality in all age groups due to wilt disease, causing huge economic losses. Fusarium solani f. sp. dalbergiae (Fsd) has been identified as one of the causal organisms for wilt disease in D. sissoo. One of the approaches of disease resistance studies involves co-cultivation of trees and pathogens under controlled conditions to screen resistant tree genotypes. A gnotobiotic condition, where the pathogen is known, enables accurate screening of disease-resistant genotypes. In the present study, ten genotypes of D. sissoo were cloned in vitro and evaluated against two strains of Fsd in a dual culture setup under gnotobiotic conditions with an objective to identify resistant genotypes of D. sissoo against Fsd. Callus and plantlets of ten genotypes of host plant multiplied in vitro were inoculated with conidial suspension of two strains of Fsd at three concentrations; 1 × 101, 1 × 103, and 1 × 105 conidia/ml. Gnotobiotic evaluation of dual culture setup shows variations among genotypes in their response towards in vitro Fsd infection; and two genotypes (14 and 66) exhibited resistance against Fsd strains. Callus of genotypes 14 and 66 significantly restricted the fungal mycelium growth whereas callus of remaining genotypes was completely infested by Fsd mycelium within 9 days. Similarly, plantlets of genotype 14 and 66 had lesser disease severity and remained green and had fewer necrotic lesions in roots whereas plantlets of the remaining eight genotypes died within 15 days. Gnotobiotic evaluation of callus and plantlets of ten genotypes of D. sissoo against Fsd strains has reduced time and space otherwise required for field trials. Genetic variations amongst the genotypes resulted in varying responses towards virulent Fsd strains and only two out of ten genotypes showed promising resistant characteristics. In dual culture setup, both callus and plantlets of the same genotypes responded similarly against Fsd strains, which signify that in vitro screening can be used as an indirect selection method for disease resistance.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Thothathri K (1987) Taxonomic revision of the tribe Dalbergieae in the Indian subcontinent. Botanical Survey of India, Kolkata
International Legume database and Information service (2018) https://ildis.org/cgi-bin/Araneus.pl?version~10.01&LegumeWeb&tno~1149&genus~Dalbergia&species~sissoo. Accessed 15 Apr 2020.
Singh Y, Thakur A, Varshney VK, Harsh NSK, Chauhan M (2018) Qualitative ergosterol determination can confirm fungal infection in shisham. Indian For 144:1224–1225
Tewari DN (1994) A monograph on Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. International Book Distributors, Dehra Dun
Subhan F (1990) Financial analysis of selected shelterbelts system in Pakistan. Pak J For 40:247–252
Luna RK (1996) Plantation trees. International Book Distributors, Delhi
Bagchee KD (1945) Wilt and dieback of shisham, babul, and khair in the artificial regeneration under agriculture-cum forestry management. Indian For 71:20–24
Bakshi BK (1954) Wilt of shisham (Dalbergia sissoo Roxb.) due to Fusarium solani sensu Snyder and Hansen. Nature 174:278–291. https://doi.org/10.1038/174278a0
Shukla AN (2002) Mortality of Dalbergia sissoo in India. Indian For 128:1209–1215
Dayaram MK, Sharma S, Chaturvedi PP (2003) Shisham mortality in Bihar: extent and causes. Indian Phytopathol 56:384–387
Dogra AS, Nautiyal S, Nautiyal DP, Singh G (2006) Field performance of twenty three clones of Dalbergia sissoo in clonal seed orchard. Indian For 132:273–280
Shukla AN (2008) Resistance of Dalbergia sissoo to Fusarium solani f. sp. dalbergiae. For Pathol 38:410–418. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0329.2008.00563.x
Shukla AN, Harsh NSK (2010) Extent and evaluation of die back disease of shisham (Dalbergia sissoo) and identification of disease resistance sources; project completion report. Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehra Dun
Patel AK, Dayaram (2017) Effect of biotic and abiotic stresses on shisham (Dalbergia sissoo Roxb.) mortality in Bihar. Environ Ecol 35:1218–1222
Webb EL, Hossain SMY (2005) Dalbergia sissoo mortality in Bangladesh plantations: correlations with environmental and management parameters. Forest Ecol Manag 206:61–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2004.10.055
Shakya DD, Lakhey PB (2007) Confirmation of Fusarium solani as the causal agent of die-back of Dalbergia sissoo in Nepal. Plant Pathol 56:1041–1041. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2007.01637.x
Mukhtar I, Bajwa R, Nasim G (2015) Major constraints on shisham (Dalbergia sissoo) plantations and pathological debate on dieback disease in Punjab, Pakistan. J For Res 26:267–271. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-015-0081-5
Shukla AN (2003) Mortality in plantations of Dalbergia sissoo raised from seedlings and clonal material. Indian For 129:1493–1498
Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International (2008) Invasive species compendium. https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/17808. Accessed 8 Jan 2020.
Harsh NSK, Chandra S, Uniyal K (2011) Screening resistance of Dalbergia sissoo clones against Ganoderma lucidum root rot disease in field conditions. For Pathol 41:221–226. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0329.2010.00685.x
Sydow H, Mitter JH (1933) Fungi indici I. Annlo Mycol 31:84–97
Pavgi MS, Singh RA (1971) Parasitic fungi from North India. Sydowia 24:113–119
Browne FG (1968) Pests and diseases of forest plantation trees: an annotated list of the principal species occurring in the British Commonwealth. Clarendon Press, Oxford University Press, Oxford
Saccardo PA (1883) Phyllachora dalbergiae. Sylloge fungorum omnium hucusque cognitorum Vol II, p 594
Pirozynski KA (1965) Ovulariopsis state of Pleochaeta. Mycologia 57:826–828
Bakshi BK, Singh S (1967) Rusts on Indian forest trees. Indian Forest Rec (N.S.) For Pathol 2:139–198
Al Adawi AO, Barnes I, Khan IA, Al Subhi AM, Al Jahwari AA, Deadman ML, Wingfield BD, Wingfield MJ (2013) Ceratocystis manginecans associated with a serious wilt disease of two native legume trees in Oman and Pakistan. Australas Plant Path 42:179–193. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13313-012-0196-5
Chandra S, Prasad R, Harsh NSK, Ahuja R, Khatri S (2014) Bark canker and die-back of Dalbergia sissoo in Haryana and Punjab caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae. Indian For 140:76–79
Kumar A, Rathore TS, Palanisamy K, Viswanath S (2016) Advances in tree improvement and forest genetic resources conservation and management. Greenfields publishers, Dehra Dun
Toyoda H, Horikoshi K, Yamano Y, Ouchi S (1991) Selection for Fusarium wilt disease resistance from regenerants derived from leaf callus of strawberry. Plant Cell Rep 10:167–170. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00234287
McComb JA, Hinch JM, Clarke AE (1987) Expression of field resistance in callus tissue inoculated with Phytophthora cinnamomi. Phytopathology 77:346–351. https://doi.org/10.1094/Phyto-77-346
Predieri S (2001) Mutation induction and tissue culture in improving fruits. Plant Cell Tiss Org 64:185–210. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010623203554
Wu YL, Yi GJ, Peng XX (2010) Rapid screening of Musa species for resistance to Fusarium wilt in an in vitro bioassay. Eur J Plant Pathol 12:409–415. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-010-9669-y
Maksimov I, Troshina N, Surina O, Cherepanova E (2014) Salicylic acid increases the defense reaction against bunt and smut pathogens in wheat calli. J Plant Interact 9:306–314. https://doi.org/10.1080/17429145.2013.832424
Singh Y, Thakur A, Varshney VK, Harsh NSK (2019) Ergosterol quantification: a tool to measure fungal infection in plant tissue. Res J Biotechnol 14:86–88
Fenning TM (2019) The use of tissue culture and in-vitro approaches for the study of tree diseases. Plant Cell Tiss Org 136:415–430. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-018-01531-0
Miebach M, Schlechter RO, Clemens J, Jameson PE, Remus-Emsermann MNP (2020) Litterbox-A gnotobiotic zeolite-clay system to investigate Arabidopsis–microbe interactions. Microoraganisms 8:464. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8040464
Nawrot-Chorabik K (2013) The use of dual cultures in vitro to evaluate the pathogenicity of fungi and host genotype susceptibility in immunological studies of woody plants. In: Petre M (ed) Environmental biotechnology – new approaches and prospective applications. InTech open science Publisher, London, p 287–301. https://doi.org/10.5772/53214
Ostry ME, Skilling DD (1992) Application of tissue culture for studying tree defense mechanisms. In: Blanchette RA, Biggs AR (eds) Defense mechanisms of woody plants against fungi. Springer, Berlin, pp 405–423
Press Information Bureau (2011). Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change, Government of India. http://shek.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=76022. Accessed 10 June 2018.
Panwar M (2014) In vitro studies on Dalbergia sissoo against Fusarium solani wilt. Doctoral Dissertation, Forest Research Institute (Deemed to be) University, Dehra Dun
Kunwar A, Thakur A, Rather MM (2018) In vitro plant regeneration from cotyledonary node of Diploknema butyracea. Res J Biotechnol 13:29–36
Murashige T, Skoog F (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bio assays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol Plant 15:473–497. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1962.tb08052.x
Booth C (1971) The genus Fusarium. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew, Surrey
Nicolli CP, Spolti P, Tibola CS, Fernandes JMC, Del Ponte EM (2015) Fusarium head blight and trichothecene production in wheat by Fusairum graminearum and F. meridionale applied alone or in mixture at post-flowering. Trop Plant Pathol 40:134–140. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40858-015-0017-9
Yerkovich N, Palazzini JM, Sulyok M, Chulze SN (2017) Trichothecene genotypes, chemotypes and zearalenone production by Fusarium graminearum species complex strains causing Fusarium head blight in Argentina during an epidemic and non-epidemic season. Trop Plant Pathol 42:190–196. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40858-017-0155-3
Singha IM, Kakoty Y, Unni BP, Das J, Kalita MC (2016) Identification and characterization of Fusarium sp. using ITS and RAPD causing Fusarium wilt of tomato isolated from Assam, North East India. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 14:99–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgeb.2016.07.001
Ahmed KZ, Mesterházy Á, Bartók T, Sági F (1996) In vitro techniques for selecting wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for Fusarium-resistance. II. Culture filtrate technique and inheritance of Fusarium-resistance in the somaclones. Euphytica 91:341–349. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00033096
Browne RA, Cooke BM (2005) Resistance of wheat to Fusarium spp. in an in vitro seed germination assay and preliminary investigations into the relationship with Fusarium head blight resistance. Euphytica 141:23–32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-005-4820-0
El Hadrami A, El Idrissi-Turan A, El Hassni M, Daayf F, El Hadrami I (2005) Toxin-based in-vitro selection and its potential application to date palm for resistance to the bayoud Fusarium wilt. CR Biol 328:732–744. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crvi.2005.05.007
Arcioni S, Pezzotti M, Damiani F (1987) In vitro selection of alfalfa plants resistant to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. medicaginis. Theor Appl Genet 74:700–705. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00247544
Flores PS, Otoni WS, Dhingra OS, Souza Diniz SPS, Santos TM, Bruckner CH (2012) In vitro selection of yellow passion fruit genotypes for resistance to Fusarium vascular wilt. Plant Cell Tiss Org 108:37–45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-011-0009-5
Jang JC, Tainter FH (1990) Cellular responses of pine callus to infection by Phytophthora cinnamomi. Phytopathology 80:1347–1352. https://doi.org/10.1094/Phyto-80-1347
Hammerschlag FA (1990) Resistance responses of plant regenerated from Peach callus, cultures to Xanthomonas campestris pv. pruni. J AM Soc Hortic Sci 115:1034–1037. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.115.6.1034
Bronson MR, Li Y, Dixon RK, Runion GB, Kelley WD, Peterson CM (1992) In vitro host-pathogen interactions of Pinus elliottii calli and Fusarium moniliforme var. subglutinans. Eur J Forest Pathol 22:432–440. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0329.1992.tb00317.x
Gentile A, Tribulato E, Continella G, Vardi A (1992) Differential responses of citrus calli and protoplasts to culture filtrate and toxin of Phoma tracheiphila. Theor Appl Genet 83:759–764. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00226695
Hendry SJ, Boddy L, Lonsdale D (1993) Interaction between callus cultures of European beech, indigenous ascomycetes and derived fungal extracts. New Phytol 123:421–428. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1993.tb03753.x
Ragazzi A, Moricca S, Dellavalle I (1995) Growth of axenic cultures of Cronartium flaccidum on callus tissue from Pinus nigra var. laricio and Pinus sylvestris. Eur J Forest Pathol 25:31–37. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0329.1995.tb01069.x
Raman H, Goodwin PB (2008) In vitro screening of apple germplasm for resistance against black spot caused by Venturia inaequalis. J New Seeds 2:37–46. https://doi.org/10.1300/J153v02n02_03
Gretenkort MA, Ingram DS (1993) The use of ergosterol as a quantitative measure of the resistance of cultured tissues of Brassica napus ssp. oleifera to Leptosphaeria maculans. J Phytopathol 138:217–224. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.1993.tb01379.x
Diner AM, Mott RL (1985) In vitro inoculation of western white pine tissue culture propagules with vegetative hyphae of Cronartium ribicola. Phytopathology 75:1130–1131. https://doi.org/10.1094/Phyto-75-1130
Gretenkort MA, Helsper JPG (1993) Disease assessment of pea lines with resistance to foot rot pathogens: protocols for in vitro selection. Plant Pathol 42:676–685. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1993.tb01552.x
Sowik I, Bielenin A, Michalczuk L (2001) In vitro testing of strawberry resistance to Verticillium dahaliae and Phytophthora cactorum. Sci Hortic 88:31–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4238(00)00195-3
Singh N, Somai BM, Pillay D (2005) In vitro screening of sugarcane to evaluate smut susceptibility. Plant Cell Tiss Org 80:59–266. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-004-1017-5
Mora RE, Rodriguez MA, Gayosso LY, López CE (2019) Using in vitro plants to study the cassava response to Xanthomonas phaseoli pv. manihotis infection. Trop Plant Pathol 44:423–429. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40858-019-00296-x