Glutamate uptake
Tóm tắt
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Aas, 1993, Redistribution of glutamate and glutamine in slices of human neocortex exposed to combined hypoxia and glucose deprivation in vitro, J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab., 13, 503, 10.1038/jcbfm.1993.65
Adams, 1997, Alzheimer's disease research: a game of connect the dots, Gerontology, 43, 8, 10.1159/000213832
Agostinho, 1997, Impairment of excitatory amino acid transporter activity by oxidative stress conditions in retinal cells: Effect of antioxidants, FASEB J., 11, 154, 10.1096/fasebj.11.2.9039958
Aihara, 2000, Molecular cloning of a novel brain-type Na+-dependent inorganic phosphate cotransporter, J. Neurochem., 74, 2622, 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2000.0742622.x
Akbar, 1997, Expression of glial glutamate transporters GLT-1 and GLAST is unchanged in the hippocampus in fully kindled rats, Neuroscience, 78, 351, 10.1016/S0306-4522(96)00570-2
Akbar, 1998, Reduction of GABA and glutamate transporter messenger RNAs in the severe-seizure genetically epilepsy-prone rat, Neuroscience, 85, 1235, 10.1016/S0306-4522(97)00684-2
Albrecht, 1996, Glutamate: a potential mediator of inorganic mercury neurotoxicity, Metab. Brain. Dis., 11, 175, 10.1007/BF02069504
Albrecht, 1993, The role of sulfhydryl groups and calcium in the mercuric chloride-induced inhibition of glutamate uptake in rat primary astrocyte cultures, Brain Res., 607, 249, 10.1016/0006-8993(93)91513-R
Alexander, 2000, Elevated cortical extracellular fluid glutamate in transgenic mice expressing human mutant (G93A) Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase, J. Neurochem., 74, 1666, 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2000.0741666.x
Allan, 1990, Synthesis and activity of a potent N-methyl-d-aspartic acid agonist, trans-1-aminocyclobutane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid, and related phosphonic and carboxylic acids, J. Med. Chem., 33, 2905, 10.1021/jm00172a036
Allen, 1911, Surgery of experimental lesion of spinal cord equivalent to crush injury of fracture dislocation of spinal column, JAMA, 57, 878, 10.1001/jama.1911.04260090100008
Allen, 1993, Beta-N-methylamino-l-alanine in the presence of bicarbonate is an agonist at non-N-methyl-d-aspartate-type receptors, Neuroscience, 54, 567, 10.1016/0306-4522(93)90228-8
Alloul, 1998, Alzheimer's disease: a review of the disease, its epidemiology and economic impact, Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr., 27, 189, 10.1016/S0167-4943(98)00116-2
Almers, 1990, Transmitter release from synapses: does a preassembled fusion pore initiate exocytosis?, Neuron, 4, 813, 10.1016/0896-6273(90)90134-2
Amaral, 1981, Development of the mossy fibers of the dentate gyrus: I. A light and electron microscopic study of the mossy fibers and their expansions, J. Comp. Neurol., 195, 51, 10.1002/cne.901950106
Amato, 1994, Intracellular pH changes produced by glutamate uptake in rat hippocampal slices, J. Neurophysiol., 72, 1686, 10.1152/jn.1994.72.4.1686
Anderson, 1990, Autoradiographic characterization of putative excitatory amino acid transport sites, Neuroscience, 38, 311, 10.1016/0306-4522(90)90030-8
Anderson, 1991, Increased density of excitatory amino acid transport sites in the hippocampal formation following an entorhinal lesion, Brain Res., 562, 285, 10.1016/0006-8993(91)90633-7
Antal, 1991, Different populations of parvalbumin-D28k-immunoreactive and calbindin-D28k-immunoreactive neurons contain GABA and accumulate 3H-d-aspartate in the dorsal horn of the rat spinal cord, J. Comp. Neurol., 314, 114, 10.1002/cne.903140111
Aoki, 1998, Mutations in the glutamate transporter EAAT2 gene do not cause abnormal EAAT2 transcripts in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Ann. Neurol., 43, 645, 10.1002/ana.410430514
Aparicio-Legarza, 1997, Deficits of [3H]d-aspartate binding to glutamate uptake sites in striatal and accumbens tissue in patients with schizophrenia, Neurosci. Lett., 232, 13, 10.1016/S0304-3940(97)00563-6
Appel, 1993, Excitotoxic neuronal cell death in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Trends Neurosci., 16, 3, 10.1016/0166-2236(93)90039-O
Appel, 1996, Immune-mediated cell death in neurodegenerative disease, Adv. Neurol., 69, 153
Araque, 2000, SNARE protein-dependent glutamate release from astrocytes, J. Neurosci., 20, 666, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.20-02-00666.2000
Arkwright, 1902, A family series of fatal and dangerous cases of icterus neonatorum — fourteen cases in one family, with four survivors, Edinb. Med. J., 2, 156
Arriza, 1993, Cloning and expression of a human neutral amino acid transporter with structural similarity to the glutamate transporter gene family, J. Biol. Chem., 268, 15329, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)82257-8
Arriza, 1994, Functional comparisons of three glutamate transporter subtypes cloned from human motor cortex, J. Neurosci., 14, 5559, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.14-09-05559.1994
Arriza, 1997, Excitatory amino acid transporter 5, a retinal glutamate transporter coupled to a chloride conductance, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 94, 4155, 10.1073/pnas.94.8.4155
Aschner, 1990, Interactions of methylmercury with rat primary astrocyte cultures — inhibition of rubidium and glutamate uptake and induction of swelling, Brain Res., 530, 245, 10.1016/0006-8993(90)91290-W
Aschner, 1993, Methylmercury-induced alterations in excitatory amino acid transport in rat primary astrocyte cultures, Brain Res., 602, 181, 10.1016/0006-8993(93)90680-L
Aschner, 1995, Astrocytes as potential modulators of mercuric chloride neurotoxicity, Cell. Mol. Neurobiol., 14, 637, 10.1007/BF02088673
Aschner, 2000, Methylmercury alters glutamate transport in astrocytes, Neurochem. Int., 37, 199, 10.1016/S0197-0186(00)00023-1
Asztely, 1997, Extrasynaptic glutamate spillover in the hippocampus: dependence on temperature and the role of active glutamate uptake, Neuron, 18, 281, 10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80268-8
Attwell, D., Laughlin, S.B., 2000. An energy budget for signalling in the grey matter of the brain, J. Physiol. 525, 61P.
Attwell, 1991, Patch-clamp studies of electrogenic glutamate uptake: ionic dependence, modulation and failure in anoxia, 223
Auger, 2000, Fast removal of synaptic glutamate by postsynaptic transporters, Neuron, 28, 547, 10.1016/S0896-6273(00)00132-X
Augustine, 1996, Exocytosis: proteins and perturbations, Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 36, 659, 10.1146/annurev.pa.36.040196.003303
Azbill, 2000, Riluzole increases high-affinity glutamate uptake in rat spinal cord synaptosomes, Brain Res., 871, 175, 10.1016/S0006-8993(00)02430-6
Back, 1998, Pathophysiology of the ischemic penumbra — revision of a concept, Cell. Mol. Neurobiol., 18, 621, 10.1023/A:1020265701407
Baddeley, 1986, Estimation of surface area from vertical sections, J. Microsc., 142, 259, 10.1111/j.1365-2818.1986.tb04282.x
Bahn, 1994, Kainate receptor gene expression in the developing rat brain, J. Neurosci., 14, 5525, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.14-09-05525.1994
Baker, 1993, Excitatory amino acids in cerebrospinal fluid following traumatic brain injury in humans, J. Neurosurg., 79, 369, 10.3171/jns.1993.79.3.0369
Balcar, 1992, Na+-dependent high-affinity uptake of l-glutamate in cultured fibroblasts, FEBS Lett., 300, 203, 10.1016/0014-5793(92)80846-9
Balcar, 1972, Glutamate uptake by brain slices and its relation to the depolarization of neurones by acidic amino acids, J. Neurobiol., 3, 295, 10.1002/neu.480030403
Balcar, 1972, The structural specificity of the high affinity uptake of l-glutamate and l-aspartate by rat brain slices, J. Neurochem., 19, 2657, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1972.tb01325.x
Balcar, 1975, High affinity uptake of l-glutamine in rat brain slices, J. Neurochem., 24, 875, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1975.tb03650.x
Balcar, 1992, Heterogeneity of high affinity uptake of l-glutamate and l-aspartate in the mammalian central nervous system, Life Sci., 51, 1467, 10.1016/0024-3205(92)90556-5
Balcar, 1977, Stereospecificity of the inhibition of l-glutamate and l-aspartate high affinity uptake in rat brain slices by threo-3-hydroxyaspartate, J. Neurochem., 28, 1145, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1977.tb10682.x
Balcar, 1994, Na+-dependent high affinity uptake of l-glutamate is primary cultures of human fibroblasts isolated from three different types of tissue, FEBS Lett., 339, 50, 10.1016/0014-5793(94)80382-X
Balcar, 1995, Effects of l-trans-pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylate and l-threo-3-hydroxyaspartate on the binding of [3H]l-aspartate, [3H]alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA), [3H]dl-(e)-2-amino-4-propyl-5-phosphono-3-pentenoate (CGP 39653), [3H]6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX) and [3H]kainate studied by autoradiography in rat forebrain, Neurochem. Int., 26, 155, 10.1016/0197-0186(94)00120-J
Bannai, 1984, Transport of cystine and cysteine in mammalian cells, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 779, 289, 10.1016/0304-4157(84)90014-5
Bannai, 1986, Exchange of cystine and glutamate across plasma membrane of human fibroblasts, J. Biol. Chem., 261, 2256, 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)35926-4
Bannai, 1980, Transport interaction of l-cystine and l-glutamate in human diploid fibroblasts in culture, J. Biol. Chem., 255, 2372, 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)85901-X
Bannai, 1981, Role of proton dissociation in the transport of cystine and glutamine in human diploid fibroblasts in culture, J. Biol. Chem., 256, 5770, 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)69273-2
Bannai, 1984, Naming plan for membrane transport systems for amino acids, Neurochem. Res., 9, 1757, 10.1007/BF00968086
Bar-Peled, 1997, Distribution of glutamate transporter subtypes during human brain development, J. Neurochem., 69, 2571, 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1997.69062571.x
Barbour, 1997, Intersynaptic diffusion of neurotransmitter, Trends Neurosci., 20, 377
Barbour, 1988, Electrogenic glutamate uptake in glial cells is activated by intracellular potassium, Nature, 335, 433, 10.1038/335433a0
Barbour, 1989, Arachidonic acid induces a prolonged inhibition of glutamate uptake into glial cells, Nature, 342, 918, 10.1038/342918a0
Barbour, 1991, Electrogenic uptake of glutamate and aspartate into glial cells isolated from the salamander (Ambystoma) retina, J. Physiol. (Lond.), 436, 169, 10.1113/jphysiol.1991.sp018545
Barbour, 1994, Prolonged presence of glutamate during excitatory synaptic transmission to cerebellar Purkinje cells, Neuron, 12, 1331, 10.1016/0896-6273(94)90448-0
Barton, 1998, An altered invariant chain protein with an antigenic peptide in place of CLIP forms SDS-stable complexes with class II alpha beta dimers and facilitates highly efficient peptide loading, Int. Immunol., 10, 1159, 10.1093/intimm/10.8.1159
Battaglia, 2000, Glutamine and glutamate exchange between the fetal liver and the placenta, J. Nutr., 130, 974S, 10.1093/jn/130.4.974S
Baudry, 1981, Characterization of two [3H]glutamate binding sites in rat hippocampal membranes, J. Neurochem., 36, 811, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1981.tb01666.x
Baughman, 1980, Aspartate and glutamate as possible neurotransmitters of cells in layer 6 of the visual cortex, Nature, 287, 848, 10.1038/287848a0
Bazan, 1995, Mediators of injury in neurotrauma: intracellular signal transduction and gene expression, J. Neurotrauma, 12, 791, 10.1089/neu.1995.12.791
Beal, 1993, Do defects in mitochondrial energy metabolism underlie the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases, Trends Neurosci., 16, 125, 10.1016/0166-2236(93)90117-5
Beckman, 1998, Neurotransmitter transporters: regulators of function and functional regulation, J. Membr. Biol., 164, 1, 10.1007/s002329900388
Beckstrøm, 1999, Interindividual differences in the levels of the glutamate transporters GLAST and GLT, but no clear correlation with Alzheimer's disease, J. Neurosci. Res., 55, 218, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4547(19990115)55:2<218::AID-JNR9>3.0.CO;2-L
Behzadi, 1990, Afferents to the median raphe nucleus of the rat: retrograde cholera toxin and wheat germ conjugated horseradish peroxidase tracing, and selective d-[3H]aspartate labelling of possible excitatory amino acid inputs, Neuroscience, 37, 77, 10.1016/0306-4522(90)90194-9
Bellocchio, 1998, The localization of the brain-specific inorganic phosphate transporter suggests a specific presynaptic role in glutamatergic transmission, J. Neurosci., 18, 8648, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.18-21-08648.1998
Bellocchio, 2000, Uptake of glutamate into synaptic vesicles by an inorganic phosphate transporter, Science, 289, 957, 10.1126/science.289.5481.957
Bendahan, 2000, Arginine-447 plays a pivotal role in substrate interactions in a neuronal glutamate transporter, J. Biol. Chem., 275, 37436, 10.1074/jbc.M006536200
Bender, 1989, Beta-dl-methylene-aspartate, an inhibitor of aspartate aminotransferase, potently inhibits l-glutamate uptake into astrocytes, Neurochem. Res., 14, 641, 10.1007/BF00964873
Benjamin, 1976, Cerebral uptakes and exchange diffusion in vitro of l- and d-glutamates, J. Neurochem., 26, 431, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1976.tb01493.x
Bennett, 1973, Amino acids as central nervous transmitters: the influence of ions, amino acid analogues and ontogeny on transport systems for l-glutamic and l-aspartic acids and glycine into central nervous synaptosomes of the rat, J. Neurochem., 21, 1533, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1973.tb06037.x
Benveniste, 1984, Elevation of the extracellular concentrations of glutamate and aspartate in rat hippocampus during transient cerebral ischemia monitored by intracerebral microdialysis, J. Neurochem., 43, 1369, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1984.tb05396.x
Benveniste, 1989, Ischemic damage in hippocampal CA1 is dependent on glutamate release and intact innervation from CA3, J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab., 9, 629, 10.1038/jcbfm.1989.90
Berger, 2000, Detection and cellular localization of enterovirus RNA sequences in spinal cord of patients with ALS, Neurology, 54, 20, 10.1212/WNL.54.1.20
Berger, 1998, Comparative analysis of glutamate transporter expression in rat brain using differential double in situ hybridization, Anat. Embryol., 198, 13, 10.1007/s004290050161
Berger, 2000, Distribution of the glutamate transporters GLAST and GLT-1 in rat circumventricular organs, meninges and dorsal root ganglia, J. Comp. Neurol., 421, 385, 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(20000605)421:3<385::AID-CNE7>3.0.CO;2-S
Berger, 2000, Distribution of the glutamate transporters GLAST and GLT-1 in rat circumventricular organs, meninges and dorsal root ganglia, J. Comp. Neurol., 421, 385, 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(20000605)421:3<385::AID-CNE7>3.0.CO;2-S
Bergles, 1997, Synaptic activation of glutamate transporters in hippocampal astrocytes, Neuron, 19, 1297, 10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80420-1
Bergles, 1998, Glial contribution to glutamate uptake at Schaffer collateral-commissural synapses in the hippocampus, J. Neurosci., 18, 7709, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.18-19-07709.1998
Bergles, 1997, Glutamate transporter currents in Bergmann glial cells follow the time course of extrasynaptic glutamate, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 94, 14821, 10.1073/pnas.94.26.14821
Bergles, 1999, Clearance of glutamate inside the synapse and beyond, Curr. Opin. Neurobiol., 9, 293, 10.1016/S0959-4388(99)80043-9
Bergles, 2000, Glutamatergic synapses on oligodendrocyte precursor cells in the hippocampus, Nature, 405, 187, 10.1038/35012083
Berl, 1961, Amino acid and protein metabolism. VI. Cerebral compartments of glutamic acid metabolism, J. Neurochem., 7, 186, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1961.tb13503.x
Berl, 1962, Metabolic compartments in vivo: ammonia and glutamic acid metabolism in brain and liver, J. Biol. Chem., 237, 2562, 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)73788-0
Berman, 1997, Inhibition of glutamate transport in synaptosomes by dopamine oxidation and reactive oxygen species, J. Neurochem., 69, 1185, 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1997.69031185.x
Berman, 1997, Domoic acid neurotoxicity in cultured cerebellar granule neurons is mediated predominantly by NMDA receptors that are activated as a consequence of excitatory amino acid release, J. Neurochem., 69, 693, 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1997.69020693.x
Bernstein, 1999, Regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transporters by extracellular GABA, J. Biol. Chem., 274, 889, 10.1074/jbc.274.2.889
Bertrand, 1992, Evidence for a glutamate receptor of the AMPA subtype which mediates insulin release from rat perfused pancreas, Br. J. Pharmacol., 106, 354, 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1992.tb14340.x
Bertrand, 1993, Glutamate stimulates glucagon secretion via an excitatory amino acid receptor of the AMPA subtype in rat pancreas, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 237, 45, 10.1016/0014-2999(93)90091-U
Bertrand, 1995, Glutamate stimulates insulin secretion and improves glucose tolerance in rats, Am. J. Physiol., 32, E551
Besson, 1999, Identification and structural characterization of two genes encoding glutamate transporter homologues differently expressed in the nervous system of Drosophila melanogaster, FEBS Lett., 443, 97, 10.1016/S0014-5793(98)01695-0
Bezzi, 1998, Prostaglandins stimulate calcium-dependent glutamate release in astrocytes, Nature, 391, 281, 10.1038/34651
Bigge, 1993, Structural requirements for the development of potent N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor antagonists, Biochem. Pharmacol., 45, 1547, 10.1016/0006-2952(93)90294-7
Billups, 1996, Modulation of non-vesicular glutamate release by pH, Nature, 379, 171, 10.1038/379171a0
Billups, 1996, Anion conductance behavior of the glutamate uptake carrier in salamander retinal glial cells, J. Neurosci., 16, 6722, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.16-21-06722.1996
Billups, 1998, Patch-clamp, ion-sensing, and glutamate-sensing techniques to study glutamate transport in isolated retinal glial cells, Methods Enzymol., 296, 617, 10.1016/S0076-6879(98)96044-X
Biziere, 1980, Characterization of specific, high-affinity binding sites for l-[3H]glutamic acid in rat brain membranes, Brain Res., 183, 421, 10.1016/0006-8993(80)90476-X
Bjørås, 1996, Cloning and expression of a neuronal rat brain glutamate transporter, Mol. Brain Res., 36, 163, 10.1016/0169-328X(95)00279-2
Blackman, 1998, Oligomeric state of human erythrocyte band 3 measured by fluorescence resonance energy homotransfer, Biophys. J., 75, 1117, 10.1016/S0006-3495(98)77601-5
Blackstad, 1961, Special axo-dendritic synapses in the hippocampal cortex: electron and light microscopic studies of the layer of mossy fibers, J. Comp. Neurol., 117, 133, 10.1002/cne.901170202
Blakely, 1991, Vaccinia-T7 RNA polymerase expression system: evaluation for the expression cloning of plasma membrane transporters, Anal. Biochem., 194, 302, 10.1016/0003-2697(91)90233-J
Blakely, 1998, Regulated phosphorylation and trafficking of antidepressant-sensitive serotonin transporter proteins, Biol. Psychiatry, 44, 169, 10.1016/S0006-3223(98)00124-3
Blanc, 1998, 4-Hydroxynonenal, a lipid peroxidation product, impairs glutamate transport in cortical astrocytes, Glia, 22, 149, 10.1002/(SICI)1098-1136(199802)22:2<149::AID-GLIA6>3.0.CO;2-2
Bleakman, 1999, Kainate receptor pharmacology and physiology, Cell. Mol. Life Sci., 56, 558, 10.1007/s000180050453
Blei, 1999, Pathophysiology of cerebral edema in fulminant hepatic failure, J. Hepatol., 31, 771, 10.1016/S0168-8278(99)80361-4
Blitzblau, 1996, The glutamate transport inhibitor l-trans-pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylate indirectly evokes NMDA receptor mediated neurotoxicity in rat cortical cultures, Eur. J. Neurosci., 8, 1840, 10.1111/j.1460-9568.1996.tb01328.x
Bonanno, 1994, Release-regulating presynaptic heterocarriers, Prog. Neurobiol., 44, 451, 10.1016/0301-0082(94)90006-X
Bonanno, 1993, Glutamic acid and gamma-aminobutyric acid modulate each other's release through heterocarriers sited on the axon terminals of rat brain, J. Neurochem., 61, 222, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1993.tb03558.x
Bonanno, 1994, Heterocarrier-mediated reciprocal modulation of glutamate and glycine release in rat cerebral cortex and spinal cord synaptosomes, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 252, 61, 10.1016/0014-2999(94)90575-4
Bondy, 1993, Oxidative stress induced by glutamate receptor agonists, Brain Res., 610, 229, 10.1016/0006-8993(93)91405-H
Borges, 1998, AMPA receptors: molecular and functional diversity, Prog. Brain Res., 116, 153, 10.1016/S0079-6123(08)60436-7
Borowsky, 1995, Neurotransmitter transporters: molecular biology, function, and regulation, Int. Rev. Neurobiol., 38, 139, 10.1016/S0074-7742(08)60526-7
Bouvier, 1992, The glial cell glutamate uptake carrier countertransports pH-changing anions, Nature, 360, 471, 10.1038/360471a0
Bradford, 1978, Glutamine — a major substrate for nerve endings, J. Neurochem., 30, 1453, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1978.tb10477.x
Braithwaite, 2000, Interactions between AMPA receptors and intracellular proteins, Neuropharmacology, 39, 919, 10.1016/S0028-3908(99)00171-9
Bramham, 1990, Distribution of glutamate-like immunoreactivity in excitatory hippocampal pathways: a semiquantitative electron microscopic study in rats, Neuroscience, 39, 405, 10.1016/0306-4522(90)90277-B
Brandtzaeg, 1998, The increasing power of immunohistochemistry and immunocytochemistry, J. Immunol. Methods, 216, 49, 10.1016/S0022-1759(98)00070-2
Bräuner-Osborne, 2000, Ligands for glutamate receptors: design and therapeutic prospects, J. Med. Chem., 43, 2609, 10.1021/jm000007r
Bräuner-Osborne, 2000, A new structural class of subtype-selective inhibitor of cloned excitatory amino acid transporter, EAAT2, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 406, 41, 10.1016/S0014-2999(00)00625-7
Breitkreutz, 2000, Effect of carnitine on muscular glutamate uptake and intramuscular glutathione in malignant diseases, Br. J. Cancer, 82, 399, 10.1054/bjoc.1999.0933
Bressan, 2000, Imaging the glutamatergic system in vivo — relevance to schizophrenia, Eur. J. Nucl. Med., 27, 1723, 10.1007/s002590000372
Breukel, 1997, Arachidonic acid inhibits uptake of amino acids and potentiates PKC effects on glutamate, but not GABA, exocytosis in isolated hippocampal nerve terminals, Brain Res., 773, 90, 10.1016/S0006-8993(97)00918-9
Brew, 1987, Electrogenic glutamate uptake is a major current carrier in the membrane of axolotal retinal glial cells, Nature, 327, 707, 10.1038/327707a0
Bridges, 1991, Conformationally defined neurotransmitter analogues. Selective inhibition of glutamate uptake by one pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylate diastereomer, J. Med. Chem., 34, 717, 10.1021/jm00106a037
Bridges, 1992, Gliotoxic actions of excitatory amino acids, Neuropharmacology, 31, 899, 10.1016/0028-3908(92)90128-C
Bridges, 1993, Conformationally restricted inhibitors of the high affinity l-glutamate transporter, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 3, 115, 10.1016/S0960-894X(00)80103-1
Bridges, 1994, A conformationally constrained competitive inhibitor of the sodium-dependent glutamate transporter in forebrain synaptosomes: l-anti-endo-3,4-methanopyrrolidine dicarboxylate, Neurosci. Lett., 174, 193, 10.1016/0304-3940(94)90019-1
Bridges, 1999, A pharmacological review of competitive inhibitors and substrates of high-affinity, sodium-dependent glutamate transport in the central nervous system, Curr. Pharm. Des., 5, 363, 10.2174/138161280505230110101259
Brines, 1995, The cardiac glycoside ouabain potentiates excitotoxic injury of adult neurons in rat hippocampus, Neurosci. Lett., 191, 145, 10.1016/0304-3940(95)11577-J
Bröer, 1998, Discrimination of two amino acid transport activities in 4F2 heavy chain- expressing Xenopus laevis oocytes, Biochem. J., 333, 549, 10.1042/bj3330549
Bröer, 1999, The astroglial ASCT2 amino acid transporter as a mediator of glutamine efflux, J. Neurochem., 73, 2184, 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1999.02184.x
Broman, 2000, Biochemistry and anatomy of transmitter glutamate, 1
Brookes, 1988, Specificity and reversibility of the inhibition by HgCl2 of glutamate transport in astrocyte cultures, J. Neurochem., 50, 1117, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1988.tb10581.x
Brooks-Kayal, 1998, The glutamate transporter, GLT-1, is expressed in cultured hippocampal neurons, Neurochem. Int., 33, 95, 10.1016/S0197-0186(98)00018-7
Brose, 1990, A chloride-dependent and calcium-dependent glutamate-binding protein from rat brain — identification as a ubiquitous constituent of the inner mitochondrial membrane, J. Biol. Chem., 265, 10604, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)86989-7
Brown, 1995, The release of glutamate and aspartate from rat brain synaptosomes in response to domoic acid (amnesic shellfish toxin) and kainic acid, Mol. Cell. Biochem., 151, 49, 10.1007/BF01076895
Brown, 1998, Clinical significance of CSF glutamate concentrations following severe traumatic brain injury in humans, J. Neurotrauma, 15, 253, 10.1089/neu.1998.15.253
Brown, 1995, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: recent insights from genetics and transgenic mice, Cell, 80, 687, 10.1016/0092-8674(95)90346-1
Brown, 1997, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: insights from genetics, Arch. Neurol., 54, 1246, 10.1001/archneur.1997.00550220050013
Bruijn, 1997, ALS-linked SOD1 mutant G85R mediates damage to astrocytes and promotes rapidly progressive disease with SOD1-containing inclusions, Neuron, 18, 327, 10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80272-X
Buckman, 1999, Glutamate uptake in mice bred for ethanol withdrawal severity, Psychopharmacology (Berl.), 143, 174, 10.1007/s002130050933
Burger, 1989, Synaptic vesicles immunoisolated from rat cerebral cortex contain high levels of glutamate, Neuron, 3, 715, 10.1016/0896-6273(89)90240-7
Burger, 1991, GABA and glycine in synaptic vesicles — storage and transport characteristics, Neuron, 7, 287, 10.1016/0896-6273(91)90267-4
Butterfield, 1997, Beta-amyloid-associated free radical oxidative stress and neurotoxicity: implications for Alzheimer's disease, Chem. Res. Toxicol., 10, 495, 10.1021/tx960130e
Butterworth, 1998, Effects of hyperammonaemia on brain function, J. Inherit. Metab. Dis., 21, 6, 10.1023/A:1005393104494
Butterworth, 1998, Pathogenesis of acute hepatic encephalopathy, Digestion, 59, 16, 10.1159/000051414
Cagampang, 1996, Circadian variation of EAAC1 glutamate transporter messenger RNA in the rat suprachiasmatic nuclei, Mol. Brain Res., 35, 190, 10.1016/0169-328X(95)00203-5
Cammack, 1996, Channel behavior in a gamma-aminobutyrate transporter, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 93, 723, 10.1073/pnas.93.2.723
Cammack, 1994, A GABA transporter operates asymmetrically and with variable stoichiometry, Neuron, 13, 949, 10.1016/0896-6273(94)90260-7
Canton, 1998, Glutamate uptake is decreased tardively in the spinal cord of FALS mice, Neuroreport, 9, 775, 10.1097/00001756-199803300-00001
Cao, 1998, Amino acid residues that control pH modulation of transport-associated current in mammalian serotonin transporters, J. Neurosci., 18, 7739, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.18-19-07739.1998
Carlsson, 1997, Neurotransmitter aberrations in schizophrenia: new perspectives and therapeutic implications, Life Sci., 61, 75, 10.1016/S0024-3205(97)00228-2
Carlsson, 1999, A glutamatergic deficiency model of schizophrenia, Br. J. Psychiatry, 174, 2, 10.1192/S0007125000293574
Carpenter, 1999, The schizophrenia ketamine challenge study debate, Biol. Psychiatry, 46, 1081, 10.1016/S0006-3223(99)00194-8
Carrick, 1999, Protein kinase C modulation of the human excitatory amino acid transporter 2 subtype of glutamate transporter, Soc. Neurosci. Abstr., 25, 426
Carter, 2000, Prolonged synaptic currents and glutamate spillover at the parallel fiber to stellate cell synapse, J. Neurosci., 20, 4423, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.20-12-04423.2000
Casado, 1991, Activation of high-affinity uptake of glutamate by phorbol esters in primary glial cell cultures, J. Neurochem., 57, 1185, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1991.tb08278.x
Casado, 1993, Phosphorylation and modulation of brain glutamate transporters by protein kinase C, J. Biol. Chem., 268, 27313, 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)74251-3
Caspers, 1993, Alterations of cerebromicrovascular Na+,K+-ATPase activity due to fatty acids and acute hypertension, Brain Res., 602, 215, 10.1016/0006-8993(93)90685-G
Catania, 1994, Metabotropic glutamate receptors are differentially regulated during development, Neuroscience, 61, 481, 10.1016/0306-4522(94)90428-6
Chalmers, 1990, Differential alterations of cortical glutamatergic binding sites in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 87, 1352, 10.1073/pnas.87.4.1352
Chamberlin, 1998, Design and synthesis of conformationally constrained inhibitors of high-affinity, sodium-dependent glutamate transporters, Methods Enzymol., 296, 175, 10.1016/S0076-6879(98)96014-1
Chamberlin, 1993, Conformationally constrained acidic amino acids as probes of glutamate receptors and transporters, 231
Chan, 1999, Evidence for an astrocytic glutamate transporter deficit in hepatic encephalopathy, Neurochem. Res., 24, 1397, 10.1023/A:1022532623281
Chan, 2000, Effects of ammonia on glutamate transporter (GLAST) protein and mRNA in cultured rat cortical astrocytes, Neurochem. Int., 37, 243, 10.1016/S0197-0186(00)00026-7
Chan, 1983, Reductions of gamma-aminobutyric acid and glutamate uptake and (Na++K+)-ATPase activity in brain slices and synaptosomes by arachidonic acid, J. Neurochem., 40, 309, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1983.tb11284.x
Chancellor, 1992, Adult onset motor neuron disease — worldwide mortality, incidence and distribution since 1950, J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, 55, 1106, 10.1136/jnnp.55.12.1106
Chandler, 1999, Chronic ethanol upregulates NMDA and AMPA, but not kainate receptor subunit proteins in rat primary cortical cultures, Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res., 23, 363, 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1999.tb04123.x
Chaudhry, 1995, Glutamate transporters in glial plasma membranes: highly differentiated localizations revealed by quantitative ultrastructural immunocytochemistry, Neuron, 15, 711, 10.1016/0896-6273(95)90158-2
Chaudhry, 1999, Molecular analysis of system N suggests novel physiological roles in nitrogen metabolism and synaptic transmission, Cell, 99, 769, 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81674-8
Chavany, 1998, Transgenic mice for interleukin 3 develop motor neuron degeneration associated with autoimmune reaction against spinal cord motor neurons, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 95, 11354, 10.1073/pnas.95.19.11354
Chenard, 1999, Antagonists selective for NMDA receptors containing the NR2b subunit, Curr. Pharm. Des., 5, 381, 10.2174/138161280504230110102541
Cheung, 1998, Micromolar l-glutamate induces extensive apoptosis in an apoptotic-necrotic continuum of insult-dependent, excitotoxic injury in cultured cortical neurones, Neuropharmacology, 37, 1419, 10.1016/S0028-3908(98)00123-3
Chicurel, 1992, Three-dimensional analysis of the structure and composition of CA3 branched dendritic spines and their synaptic relationships with mossy fiber boutons in the rat hippocampus, J. Comp. Neurol., 325, 169, 10.1002/cne.903250204
Chittajallu, 1999, Kainate receptors: subunits, synaptic localization and function, Trends Pharmacol. Sci., 20, 26, 10.1016/S0165-6147(98)01286-3
Cho, 1990, Uptake of glutamate and cystine in C-6 glioma cells and cultured astrocytes, J. Neurochem., 55, 2091, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1990.tb05800.x
Choi, 1981, Radial glia of developing human fetal spinal cord: Golgi, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic study, Brain Res., 227, 249, 10.1016/0165-3806(81)90112-7
Choi, 1990, The role of glutamate neurotoxicity in hypoxic-ischemic neuronal death, Annu. Rev. Neurosci., 13, 171, 10.1146/annurev.ne.13.030190.001131
Choi, 1997, Expression of high-affinity neuronal and glial glutamate transporters in the rat optic nerve, Glia, 20, 184, 10.1002/(SICI)1098-1136(199707)20:3<184::AID-GLIA2>3.0.CO;2-8
Choi, 2000, Postfusional regulation of cleft glutamate concentration during LTP at ‘silent synapses’, Nat. Neurosci., 3, 330, 10.1038/73895
Christensen, 1992, Amino acid nutrition across the placenta, Nutr. Rev., 50, 13, 10.1111/j.1753-4887.1992.tb02455.x
Christensen, 1992, The ontogeny of the uptake systems for glutamate, GABA, and glycine in synaptic vesicles isolated from rat brain, Neurochem. Res., 17, 457, 10.1007/BF00969892
Clements, 1996, Transmitter timecourse in the synaptic cleft: its role in central synaptic function, Trends Neurosci., 19, 163, 10.1016/S0166-2236(96)10024-2
Clements, 1992, The time course of glutamate in the synaptic cleft, Science, 258, 1498, 10.1126/science.1359647
Cohen, 1997, Sodium-dependent proline and glutamate uptake by hippocampal synaptosomes during postnatal development, Dev. Brain Res., 100, 230, 10.1016/S0165-3806(97)00045-X
Collard, 1993, Changes in synaptosomal glutamate release during postnatal development in the rat hippocampus and cortex, Dev. Brain Res., 71, 37, 10.1016/0165-3806(93)90102-G
Collingridge, 1989, Excitatory amino acid receptors in the vertebrate central nervous system, Pharmacol. Rev., 40, 143
Conn, 1997, Pharmacology and functions of metabotropic glutamate receptors, Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 37, 205, 10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.37.1.205
Conradt, 1995, Functional analysis of the high affinity, Na+-dependent glutamate transporter GLAST-1 by site-directed mutagenesis, J. Biol. Chem., 270, 25207, 10.1074/jbc.270.42.25207
Conradt, 1997, Inhibition of the high-affinity brain glutamate transporter GLAST-1 via direct phosphorylation, J. Neurochem., 68, 1244, 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1997.68031244.x
Conradt, 1995, Localization of N-glycosylation sites and functional role of the carbohydrate units of GLAST-1, a cloned rat brain l-glutamate/l-aspartate transporter, Eur. J. Biochem., 229, 682, 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1995.tb20514.x
Conti, 1998, EAAC1, a high-affinity glutamate transporter, is localized to astrocytes and GABAergic neurons besides pyramidal cells in the rat cerebral cortex, Cereb. Cortex, 8, 108, 10.1093/cercor/8.2.108
Conti, 1999, Neuronal and glial localization of NR1 and NR2a/b subunits of the NMDA receptor in the human cerebral cortex, Cereb. Cortex, 9, 110, 10.1093/cercor/9.2.110
Cookson, 1999, Oxidative stress and motor neurone disease, Brain Pathol., 9, 165, 10.1111/j.1750-3639.1999.tb00217.x
Cooper, 1997, Multiple roles of glutathione in the central nervous system, Biol. Chem., 378, 793
Cooper, 1998, Structural selectivity and molecular nature of l-glutamate transport in cultured human fibroblasts, Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 353, 356, 10.1006/abbi.1998.0626
Corey, 1994, Protein kinase C modulates the activity of a cloned gamma-aminobutyric acid transporter expressed in Xenopus oocytes via regulated subcellular redistribution of the transporter, J. Biol. Chem., 269, 14759, 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)36690-5
Couratier, 1993, Cell culture evidence for neuronal degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis being linked to glutamate AMPA/kainate receptors, Lancet, 341, 265, 10.1016/0140-6736(93)92615-Z
Cousin, 1999, Mechanisms of synaptic vesicle recycling illuminated by fluorescent dyes, J. Neurochem., 73, 2227, 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1999.0732227.x
Cowburn, 1988, Presynaptic and postsynaptic glutamatergic function in Alzheimer's disease, Neurosci. Lett., 86, 109, 10.1016/0304-3940(88)90192-9
Cox, 1977, Actions of l- and d-homocysteate in rat CNS: A correlation between low-affinity uptake and the time courses of excitation by microelectrophoretically applied l-glutamate analogues, J. Neurochem., 29, 579, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1977.tb10707.x
Cross, 1987, Sodium dependent d-[3H]aspartate binding in cerebral cortex in patients with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, Neurosci. Lett., 79, 213, 10.1016/0304-3940(87)90699-9
Cui, 1999, Heteromeric kainate receptors formed by the coassembly of GluR5, GluR6, and GluR7, J. Neurosci., 19, 8281, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.19-19-08281.1999
Curtis, 1960, The chemical excitation of spinal neurons by certain acidic amino acids, J. Physiol., 150, 656, 10.1113/jphysiol.1960.sp006410
Cutts, 1993, d-Aspartate binding to the glutamate uptake site in human brain tissue — effects of leucotomy, J. Neural Transm., 94, 147, 10.1007/BF01245008
Danbolt, 1993, In vitro binding of [3H]bilirubin to neurons in rat brain sections, Biol. Neonate, 63, 35, 10.1159/000243905
Danbolt, 1994, The high affinity uptake system for excitatory amino acids in the brain, Prog. Neurobiol., 44, 377, 10.1016/0301-0082(94)90033-7
Danbolt, 2000, Sodium- and potassium-dependent excitatory amino acid transporters in brain plasma membranes, 231
Danbolt, 1986, Inhibition by K+ of Na+-dependent d-aspartate uptake into brain membrane saccules, J. Neurochem., 47, 825, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb00685.x
Danbolt, 1986, Na+-dependent ‘binding’ of d-aspartate in brain membranes is largely due to uptake into membrane bounded saccules, J. Neurochem., 47, 819, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb00684.x
Danbolt, 1990, Purification and reconstitution of the sodium- and potassium-coupled glutamate transport glycoprotein from rat brain, Biochemistry, 29, 6734, 10.1021/bi00480a025
Danbolt, 1992, An [Na++K+]coupled l-glutamate transporter purified from rat brain is located in glial cell processes, Neuroscience, 51, 295, 10.1016/0306-4522(92)90316-T
Danbolt, 1998, Localization of transporters using transporter-specific antibodies, Methods Enzymol., 296, 388, 10.1016/S0076-6879(98)96028-1
Danbolt, 1998, Properties and localization of glutamate transporters, Prog. Brain Res., 116, 23, 10.1016/S0079-6123(08)60428-8
Daniels, 1999, Regulated trafficking of the human dopamine transporter, J. Biol. Chem., 274, 35794, 10.1074/jbc.274.50.35794
Daniels, 1999, Reversible activation of glutamate transport in rat brain glia by protein kinase C and an okadaic acid-sensitive phosphoprotein phosphatase, Neurochem. Res., 24, 1017, 10.1023/A:1021004809991
Dave, 1994, Astrocytes as mediators of methylmercury neurotoxicity: effects on d-aspartate and serotonin uptake, Dev. Neurosci., 16, 222, 10.1159/000112110
Davies, 1976, Uptake and release of d- and l-aspartate by rat brain slices, J. Neurochem., 26, 1007, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1976.tb06485.x
Davis, 1998, Multiple signaling pathways regulate cell surface expression and activity of the excitatory amino acid carrier 1 subtype of Glu transporter in C6 glioma, J. Neurosci., 18, 2475, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.18-07-02475.1998
Dawson, 1996, Free radicals and neuronal cell death, Cell Death Differ., 3, 71
de Aguilar, 1999, A mouse model of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis expressing a mutant superoxide dismutase 1 shows evidence of disordered transport in the vasopressin hypothalamo-neurohypophysial axis, Eur. J. Neurosci., 11, 4179, 10.1046/j.1460-9568.1999.00840.x
Deakin, 1989, Frontal cortical and left temporal glutamatergic dysfunction in schizophrenia, J. Neurochem., 52, 1781, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1989.tb07257.x
Dean, 1997, Biochemistry and pathology of radical-mediated protein oxidation, Biochem. J., 324, 1, 10.1042/bj3240001
Debler, 1987, High-affinity transport of gamma-aminobutyric acid, glycine, taurine, l-aspartic acid, and l-glutamic acid in synaptosomal (P2) tissue: a kinetic and substrate specificity analysis, J. Neurochem., 48, 1851, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1987.tb05747.x
Dehnes, 1998, The glutamate transporter EAAT4 in rat cerebellar Purkinje cells: a glutamate-gated chloride channel concentrated near the synapse in parts of the dendritic membrane facing astroglia, J. Neurosci., 18, 3606, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.18-10-03606.1998
Deken, 2000, Transport rates of GABA transporters: regulation by the N-terminal domain and syntaxin 1A, Nat. Neurosci., 3, 998, 10.1038/79939
de Lanerolle, N.C., Eid, T., von Campe, G., Kovacs, I., Spencer, D.D., Brines, M., 1998. Glutamate receptor subunits GluR1 and GluR2/3 distribution shows reorganization in the human epileptogenic hippocampus. Eur. J. Neurosci. 10, 1687–1703.
Delanty, 1998, Oxidative injury in the nervous system, Acta Neurol. Scand., 98, 145, 10.1111/j.1600-0404.1998.tb07285.x
Deng, 1993, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and structural defects in Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase, Science, 261, 1047, 10.1126/science.8351519
Dennis, 1976, Glutamate metabolism and transport in rat brain mitochondria, Biochem. J., 156, 323, 10.1042/bj1560323
Derouiche, 1996, Possible role of the Muller cell in uptake and metabolism of glutamate in the mammalian outer retina, Vision Res., 36, 3875, 10.1016/S0042-6989(96)00140-X
Derouiche, 1995, Coincidence of l-glutamate/l-aspartate transporter (GLAST) and glutamine synthetase (GS) immunoreactions in retinal glia: evidence for coupling of GLAST and GS in transmitter clearance, J. Neurosci. Res., 42, 131, 10.1002/jnr.490420115
Deutsch, 1998, Neurodevelopmental consequences of early exposure to phencyclidine and related drugs, Clin. Neuropharmacol., 21, 320
Di Lauro, 1982, Specific high-affinity binding of l-[3H]aspartate to rat brain membranes, J. Neurochem., 38, 1261, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1982.tb07899.x
Di, 1996, Excitotoxic damage in neurotrauma: fact or fiction, Restor. Neurol. Neurosci., 9, 231
Diamond, 1997, Transporters buffer synaptically released glutamate on a submillisecond time scale, J. Neurosci., 17, 4672, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.17-12-04672.1997
Dingledine, 1999, The glutamate receptor ion channels, Pharmacol. Rev., 51, 7
Dinkelborg, 1996, Transport and metabolism of l-glutamate during oxygenation, anoxia, and reoxygenation of rat cardiac myocytes, Am. J. Physiol., 39, H1825
Dirnagl, 1999, Pathobiology of ischaemic stroke: an integrated view, Trends Neurosci., 22, 391, 10.1016/S0166-2236(99)01401-0
Disbrow, 1982, Uptake of l-[3H] glutamic acid by crude and purified synaptic vesicles from rat brain, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 108, 1221, 10.1016/0006-291X(82)92130-1
Divac, 1977, High affinity uptake of glutamate in terminals of corticostriatal axons, Nature, 266, 377, 10.1038/266377a0
Domercq, 1999, Expression of glutamate transporters in the adult bovine corpus callosum, Mol. Brain Res., 67, 296, 10.1016/S0169-328X(99)00072-8
Domercq, 1999, Expression of glutamate transporters in rat optic nerve oligodendrocytes, Eur. J. Neurosci., 11, 2226, 10.1046/j.1460-9568.1999.00639.x
Dong, 1997, GRIP: A synaptic PDZ domain-containing protein that interacts with AMPA receptors, Nature, 386, 279, 10.1038/386279a0
Donly, 1997, Molecular cloning and functional expression of an insect high-affinity Na+-dependent glutamate transporter, Eur. J. Biochem., 248, 535, 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1997.t01-1-00535.x
Donly, 2000, Substrate-stereoselectivity of a high-affinity glutamate transporter cloned from the CNS of the cockroach Diploptera punctata, Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol., 30, 369, 10.1016/S0965-1748(00)00004-7
Dorandeu, 1998, Venom phospholipase A2-induced impairment of glutamate uptake: an indirect and nonselective effect related to phospholipid hydrolysis, J. Neurosci. Res., 51, 349, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4547(19980201)51:3<349::AID-JNR8>3.0.CO;2-G
Dowd, 1996, Rapid stimulation of EAAC1-mediated Na+-dependent l-glutamate transport activity in C6 glioma cells by phorbol ester, J. Neurochem., 67, 508, 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1996.67020508.x
Dowd, 1996, Comparison of Na+-dependent glutamate transport activity in synaptosomes, C6 glioma, and Xenopus oocytes expressing excitatory amino acid carrier 1 (EAAC1), Mol. Pharmacol., 49, 465
Drejer, 1982, Characterization of l-glutamate uptake into and release from astrocytes and neurons cultured from different brain regions, Exp. Brain Res., 47, 259, 10.1007/BF00239385
Drejer, 1983, Novel neuron-related regulatory mechanisms for astrocytic glutamate and GABA high affinity uptake, Neurosci. Lett., 37, 301, 10.1016/0304-3940(83)90448-2
Drejer, 1985, Cellular origin of ischemia-induced glutamate release from brain tissue in vivo and in vitro, J. Neurochem., 45, 145, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1985.tb05486.x
Dringen, 2000, Metabolism and functions of glutathione in brain, Prog. Neurobiol., 62, 649, 10.1016/S0301-0082(99)00060-X
Duan, 1999, Glutamate induces rapid upregulation of astrocyte glutamate transport and cell-surface expression of GLAST, J. Neurosci., 19, 10193, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.19-23-10193.1999
Dumuis, 1988, NMDA receptors activate the arachidonic acid cascade system in striatal neurons, Nature, 336, 68, 10.1038/336068a0
Duncan, 1999, An integrated view of pathophysiological models of schizophrenia, Brain Res. Rev., 29, 250, 10.1016/S0165-0173(99)00002-8
Dunlop, 1999, Inducible expression and pharmacology of the human excitatory amino acid transporter 2 subtype of l-glutamate transporter, Br. J. Pharmacol., 128, 1485, 10.1038/sj.bjp.0702945
Durand, 1996, Long-term potentiation and functional synapse induction in developing hippocampus, Nature, 381, 71, 10.1038/381071a0
During, 1993, Extracellular hippocampal glutamate and spontaneous seizure in the conscious human brain, Lancet, 341, 1607, 10.1016/0140-6736(93)90754-5
Dzubay, 1999, The concentration of synaptically released glutamate outside of the climbing fiber-Purkinje cell synaptic cleft, J. Neurosci., 19, 5265, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.19-13-05265.1999
Eckardt, 1998, Effects of moderate alcohol consumption on the central nervous system, Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res., 22, 998, 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1998.tb03695.x
Ehlers, 1999, Synapse structure: glutamate receptors connected by the shanks, Curr. Biol., 9, R848, 10.1016/S0960-9822(00)80043-3
Eisenmann-Tappe, 1991, Glutamate uptake in primary cultures of biliary epithelial cells from normal rat liver, Cell Biol. Toxicol., 7, 315, 10.1007/BF00124068
Eliasof, 1993, Characterization of the glutamate transporter in retinal cones of the tiger salamander, J. Neurosci., 13, 402, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.13-01-00402.1993
Eliasof, 1998, Excitatory amino acid transporters of the salamander retina: identification, localization, and function, J. Neurosci., 18, 698, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.18-02-00698.1998
Eliasof, 1998, Localization and function of five glutamate transporters cloned from the salamander retina, Vision Res., 38, 1443, 10.1016/S0042-6989(97)00452-5
Eng, 1997, Expression of glutamate uptake transporters after dibutyryl cyclic AMP differentiation and traumatic injury in cultured astrocytes, Brain Res., 778, 215, 10.1016/S0006-8993(97)01093-7
Engelke, 1989, Identification and sequence analysis of the Rhizobium meliloti DctA gene encoding the C4-dicarboxylate carrier, J. Bacteriol., 171, 5551, 10.1128/jb.171.10.5551-5560.1989
Erdö, 1990, Postnatal development of the excitatory amino acid system in visual cortex of the rat — changes in uptake and levels of aspartate and glutamate, Int. J. Dev. Neurosci., 8, 205, 10.1016/0736-5748(90)90012-Q
Erecinska, 1983, Aspartate transport in synaptosomes from rat brain, J. Biol. Chem., 258, 9069, 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)44632-1
Erecinska, 1987, Amino acid neurotransmitters in the CNS. Relationships between net uptake and exchange in rat brain synaptosomes, FEBS Lett., 213, 61, 10.1016/0014-5793(87)81465-5
Erecinska, M., Nelson, D., Silver, I.A., 1996. Metabolic and energetic properties of isolated nerve ending particles (synaptosomes). Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1277, 13–34.
Erecinska, 1990, Metabolism and role of glutamate in mammalian brain, Prog. Neurobiol., 35, 245, 10.1016/0301-0082(90)90013-7
Erickson, 1992, Expression cloning of a reserpine-sensitive vesicular monoamine transporter, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 89, 10993, 10.1073/pnas.89.22.10993
Erickson, 1994, Functional identification of a vesicular acetylcholine transporter and its expression from a ‘cholinergic’ gene locus, J. Biol. Chem., 269, 21929, 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)31734-9
Erickson, 1995, Regional expression and dietary regulation of rat small intestinal peptide and amino acid transporter mRNAs, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 216, 249, 10.1006/bbrc.1995.2617
Eskandari, 2000, Pentameric assembly of a neuronal glutamate transporter, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 97, 8641, 10.1073/pnas.97.15.8641
Espinosa, 1999, Active NMDA glutamate receptors are expressed by mammalian osteoclasts, J. Physiol. (Lond.), 518, 47, 10.1111/j.1469-7793.1999.0047r.x
Estévez, 1999, Induction of nitric oxide-dependent apoptosis in motor neurons by zinc-deficient superoxide dismutase, Science, 286, 2498, 10.1126/science.286.5449.2498
Euler, 1995, Immunocytochemical identification of cone bipolar cells in the rat retina, J. Comp. Neurol., 361, 461, 10.1002/cne.903610310
Fadda, 1998, Chronic ethanol consumption: from neuroadaptation to neurodegeneration, Prog. Neurobiol., 56, 385, 10.1016/S0301-0082(98)00032-X
Faden, 1992, Pharmacological strategies in CNS trauma, Trends Pharmacol. Sci., 13, 29, 10.1016/0165-6147(92)90013-V
Faden, 1989, The role of excitatory amino acids and NMDA receptors in traumatic brain injury, Science, 244, 798, 10.1126/science.2567056
Fahrig, 1993, Receptor subtype involved and mechanism of norepinephrine-induced stimulation of glutamate uptake into primary cultures of rat brain astrocytes, Glia, 7, 212, 10.1002/glia.440070304
Faingold, 1998, Ethanol and neurotransmitter interactions — from molecular to integrative effects, Prog. Neurobiol., 55, 509, 10.1016/S0301-0082(98)00027-6
Fairman, 1999, Functional diversity of excitatory amino acid transporters: ion channel and transport modes, Am. J. Physiol., 277, F481
Fairman, 1995, An excitatory amino-acid transporter with properties of a ligand-gated chloride channel, Nature, 375, 599, 10.1038/375599a0
Fairman, 1998, Arachidonic acid elicits a substrate-gated proton current associated with the glutamate transporter EAAT4, Nat. Neurosci., 1, 105, 10.1038/355
Fava, 1999, Experience-dependent development of NMDAR1 subunit expression in the lateral geniculate nucleus, Vis. Neurosci., 16, 781, 10.1017/S0952523899164162
Feldmeyer, 1999, Neurological dysfunctions in mice expressing different levels of the Q/R site-unedited AMPAR subunit GluR-B, Nat. Neurosci., 2, 57, 10.1038/16026
Ferkany, 1986, Heterogeneity of sodium-dependent excitatory amino acid uptake mechanisms in rat brain, J. Neurosci. Res., 16, 491, 10.1002/jnr.490160305
Fern, 2000, Rapid ischemic cell death in immature oligodendrocytes: a fatal glutamate release feedback loop, J. Neurosci., 20, 34, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.20-01-00034.2000
Ferrarese, 2000, Glutamate uptake is decreased in platelets from Alzheimer's disease patients, Ann. Neurol., 47, 641, 10.1002/1531-8249(200005)47:5<641::AID-ANA12>3.0.CO;2-I
Ferrie, 1999, Plasma amino acids in childhood epileptic encephalopathies, Epilepsy Res., 34, 221, 10.1016/S0920-1211(98)00114-4
Fifkova, 1985, A possible mechanism of morphometric changes in dendritic spines induced by stimulation, Cell. Mol. Neurobiol., 5, 47, 10.1007/BF00711085
Figiel, 2000, Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), a neuron-derived peptide regulating glial glutamate transport and metabolism, J. Neurosci., 20, 3596, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.20-10-03596.2000
Fine, 1996, Tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibits glutamate uptake by primary human astrocytes — implications for pathogenesis of HIV-1 dementia, J. Biol. Chem., 271, 15303, 10.1074/jbc.271.26.15303
Fischer, 1986, Implantation of d-[3H]aspartate loaded gel particles permits restricted uptake sites for transmitter-selective axonal transport, Exp. Brain Res., 63, 620, 10.1007/BF00237484
Fischer, 1998, Rapid actin-based plasticity in dendritic spines, Neuron, 20, 847, 10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80467-5
Fleckenstein, 1997, Oxygen radicals diminish dopamine transporter function in rat striatum, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 334, 111, 10.1016/S0014-2999(97)01175-8
Fletcher, 1991, Regional heterogeneity of l-glutamate and l-aspartate high-affinity uptake systems in the rat CNS, J. Neurochem., 57, 911, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1991.tb08237.x
Flynn, 2000, Kinetic and pharmacological analysis of l-[35S]cystine transport into rat brain synaptosomes, Neurochem. Int., 36, 513, 10.1016/S0197-0186(99)00151-5
Foley, 1992, Effects of ethanol on Na+-dependent amino acid uptake: dependence on rat age and Na+,K+-ATPase activity, Brain Res., 593, 39, 10.1016/0006-8993(92)91260-L
Follesa, 1996, Chronic ethanol-mediated up-regulation of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor polypeptide subunits in mouse cortical neurons in culture, J. Biol. Chem., 271, 13297, 10.1074/jbc.271.23.13297
Fonnum, 1984, Glutamate: a neurotransmitter in mammalian brain, J. Neurochem., 42, 1, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1984.tb09689.x
Fonnum, 1993, Regulation of the synthesis of the transmitter glutamate pool, Prog. Biophys. Mol. Biol., 60, 47, 10.1016/0079-6107(93)90012-9
Fonnum, 1981, Biochemical evidence for glutamate as neurotransmitter in corticostriatal and corticothalamic fibres in rat brain, Neuroscience, 6, 863, 10.1016/0306-4522(81)90168-8
Forsythe, 1997, Synaptic transmission: well-placed modulators, Curr. Biol., 7, R362, 10.1016/S0960-9822(06)00175-8
Foster, 1984, Acidic amino acid binding sites in mammalian neuronal membranes: their characteristics and relationship to synaptic receptors, Brain Res. Rev., 7, 103, 10.1016/0165-0173(84)90020-1
Fox, 1996, Glutamate receptor blockade at cortical synapses disrupts development of thalamocortical and columnar organization in somatosensory cortex, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 93, 5584, 10.1073/pnas.93.11.5584
Frandsen, 1990, Development of excitatory amino acid induced cytotoxicity in cultured neurons, Int. J. Dev. Neurosci., 8, 209, 10.1016/0736-5748(90)90013-R
Fray, 1998, The expression of the glial glutamate transporter protein EAAT2 in motor neuron disease: an immunohistochemical study, Eur. J. Neurosci., 10, 2481, 10.1046/j.1460-9568.1998.00273.x
Frenguelli, 1991, Electrogenic uptake contributes a major component of the depolarizing action of l-glutamate in rat hippocampal slices, Br. J. Pharmacol., 102, 355, 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1991.tb12178.x
Fridovich, 1997, Superoxide anion radical (O2 radical anion), superoxide dismutases, and related matters, J. Biol. Chem., 272, 18515, 10.1074/jbc.272.30.18515
Fuerst, 1986, Eukaryotic transient-expression system based on recombinant vaccinia virus that synthesizes bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 83, 8122, 10.1073/pnas.83.21.8122
Fujise, 1995, Na-dependent glutamate transport in high K and high glutathione (HK/HG) and high K and low glutathione (HK/LG) dog red blood cells, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1239, 22, 10.1016/0005-2736(95)00140-X
Furness, 1997, Immunocytochemical localization of a high-affinity glutamate-aspartate transporter, GLAST, in the rat and guinea-pig cochlea, Eur. J. Neurosci., 9, 1961, 10.1111/j.1460-9568.1997.tb00763.x
Furness, 1980, Types of nerves in the enteric nervous system, Neuroscience, 5, 1, 10.1016/0306-4522(80)90067-6
Furuta, 1997, Cellular and synaptic localization of the neuronal glutamate transporters excitatory amino acid transporter 3 and 4, Neuroscience, 81, 1031, 10.1016/S0306-4522(97)00252-2
Furuta, 1997, Glutamate transporter protein subtypes are expressed differentially during rat CNS development, J. Neurosci., 17, 8363, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.17-21-08363.1997
Fushiya, 1990, Acromelic acid-C — a new toxic constituent of Clitocybe acromelalga — an efficient isolation of acromelic acids, Tetrahedron Lett., 31, 3901, 10.1016/S0040-4039(00)97501-4
Fykse, 1996, Amino acid neurotransmission: dynamics of vesicular uptake, Neurochem. Res., 21, 1053, 10.1007/BF02532415
Fykse, 1992, Inhibition of l-glutamate uptake into synaptic vesicles, Neurosci. Lett., 135, 125, 10.1016/0304-3940(92)90151-V
Galli, 1996, Norepinephrine transporters have channel modes of conduction, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 93, 8671, 10.1073/pnas.93.16.8671
Galli, 1997, Drosophila serotonin transporters have voltage-dependent uptake coupled to a serotonin-gated ion channel, J. Neurosci., 17, 3401, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.17-10-03401.1997
Galli, 1999, l-Proline and l-pipecolate induce enkephalin-sensitive currents in human embryonic kidney 293 cells transfected with the high-affinity mammalian brain l-proline transporter, J. Neurosci., 19, 6290, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.19-15-06290.1999
Gammelsæter, 1999, Glutamate transport proteins in the rat pancreatic islets of Langerhans, J. Neurochem., 73, S99D
Ganel, 1998, Modulation of human glutamate transporter activity by phorbol ester, J. Neurochem., 70, 993, 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.70030993.x
Garlin, 1995, Pharmacology of sodium-dependent high-affinity l-[3H]glutamate transport in glial cultures, J. Neurochem., 64, 2572, 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1995.64062572.x
Garthwaite, 1985, Sites of d-[3H]aspartate accumulation in mouse cerebellar slices, Brain Res., 343, 129, 10.1016/0006-8993(85)91166-7
Garthwaite, 1988, Electron microscopic autoradiography of d-[3H]aspartate uptake sites in mouse cerebellar slices shows poor labeling of mossy fibre terminals, Brain Res., 440, 162, 10.1016/0006-8993(88)91170-5
Garthwaite, 1992, Glutamate toxicity — an experimental and theoretical analysis, Eur. J. Neurosci., 4, 353, 10.1111/j.1460-9568.1992.tb00882.x
Geerlings, 2000, Characterization of the interactions between the glycine transporters GLYT1 and GLYT2 and the SNARE protein syntaxin 1A, FEBS Lett., 470, 51, 10.1016/S0014-5793(00)01297-7
Gegelashvili, 1997, High affinity glutamate transporters: regulation of expression and activity, Mol. Pharmacol., 52, 6, 10.1124/mol.52.1.6
Gegelashvili, 1998, Cellular distribution and kinetic properties of high-affinity glutamate transporters, Brain Res. Bull., 45, 233, 10.1016/S0361-9230(97)00417-6
Gegelashvili, 1996, Glutamate receptor agonists up-regulate glutamate transporter GLAST in astrocytes, Neuroreport, 8, 261, 10.1097/00001756-199612200-00052
Gegelashvili, 1997, Neuronal soluble factors differentially regulate the expression of the GLT1 and GLAST glutamate transporters in cultured astroglia, J. Neurochem., 69, 2612, 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1997.69062612.x
Gegelashvili, 2000, The high-affinity glutamate transporters GLT1, GLAST and EAAT4 are regulated via different signalling mechanisms, Neurochem. Int., 37, 163, 10.1016/S0197-0186(00)00019-X
Gemba, 1994, Glutamate efflux via the reversal of the sodium-dependent glutamate transporter caused by glycolytic inhibition in rat cultured astrocytes, Neuroscience, 63, 789, 10.1016/0306-4522(94)90523-1
Gibbs, 1999, Modulation of ionotropic glutamate receptors by neuroactive steroids, Neurosteroids, 21, 167, 10.1007/978-1-59259-693-5_10
Gilad, 1990, Region-selective stress-induced increase of glutamate uptake and release in rat forebrain, Brain Res., 525, 335, 10.1016/0006-8993(90)90886-G
Ginsberg, 1995, Regional deafferentation down-regulates subtypes of glutamate transporter proteins, J. Neurochem., 65, 2800, 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1995.65062800.x
Ginsberg, 1996, Fimbria-fornix transections selectively down-regulate subtypes of glutamate transporter and glutamate receptor proteins in septum and hippocampus, J. Neurochem., 67, 1208, 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1996.67031208.x
Gjessing, 1972, The free amino acids in human cerebrospinal fluid, J. Neurochem., 19, 1807, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1972.tb06226.x
Glazner, 2000, Differential effects of BDNF, ADNF9, and TNF alpha on levels of NMDA receptor subunits, calcium homeostasis, and neuronal vulnerability to excitotoxicity, Exp. Neurol., 161, 442, 10.1006/exnr.1999.7242
Globus, 1995, Detection of free radical activity during transient global ischemia and recirculation: effects of intraischemic brain temperature modulation, J. Neurochem., 65, 1250, 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1995.65031250.x
Golding, 1999, The consequences of traumatic brain injury on cerebral blood flow and autoregulation: a review, Clin. Exp. Hypertens., 21, 299, 10.3109/10641969909068668
Gomeza, 1995, Regulation by phorbol esters of the glycine transporter (GLYT1) in glioblastoma cells, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1233, 41, 10.1016/0005-2736(94)00249-O
Gomperts, 1998, Postsynaptically silent synapses in single neuron cultures, Neuron, 21, 1443, 10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80662-5
Gonzalez, 1997, Regulation of the Na+-dependent high affinity glutamate/aspartate transporter in cultured Bergmann glia by phorbol esters, J. Neurosci. Res., 50, 585, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4547(19971115)50:4<585::AID-JNR9>3.0.CO;2-A
Gonzalez, 1999, Sodium-dependent glutamate transport in Müller glial cells: regulation by phorbol esters, Brain Res., 831, 140, 10.1016/S0006-8993(99)01438-9
Gordon, 1988, Partial purification of the sodium- and potassium-coupled l-glutamate transport glycoprotein from rat brain, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 944, 90, 10.1016/0005-2736(88)90320-3
Gotz, 1994, Oxidative stress: free radical production in neural degeneration, Pharmacol. Ther., 63, 37, 10.1016/0163-7258(94)90055-8
Greenamyre, 1990, Sodium-dependent d-aspartate ‘binding’ is not a measure of presynaptic neuronal uptake sites in an autoradiographic assay, Brain Res., 511, 310, 10.1016/0006-8993(90)90176-C
Greene, 1996, Bioenergetics and glutamate excitotoxicity, Prog. Neurobiol., 48, 613, 10.1016/0301-0082(96)00006-8
Greiner, 1992, Vascular autoantibodies in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Lancet, 340, 378, 10.1016/0140-6736(92)91462-H
Grewer, 2000, Glutamate translocation of the neuronal glutamate transporter EAAC1 occurs within milliseconds, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 97, 9706, 10.1073/pnas.160170397
Griffiths, 1989, Inhibition by excitatory sulphur amino acids of the high-affinity l-glutamate transporter in synaptosomes and in primary cultures of cortical astrocytes and cerebellar neurons, Neurochem. Res., 14, 333, 10.1007/BF01000036
Griffiths, 1994, l-trans-pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylate and cis-1-aminocyclobutane-1,3-dicarboxylate behave as transportable, competitive inhibitors of the high-affinity glutamate transporters, Biochem. Pharmacol., 47, 267, 10.1016/0006-2952(94)90016-7
Grimmelt, 1990, Relationship between domoic acid levels in the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) and toxicity in mice, Toxicon, 28, 501, 10.1016/0041-0101(90)90294-H
Grunewald, 1995, Conformational changes monitored on the glutamate transporter GLT-1 indicate the existence of two neurotransmitter-bound states, J. Biol. Chem., 270, 17017, 10.1074/jbc.270.28.17017
Grunewald, 2000, The accessibility of a novel reentrant loop of the glutamate transporter GLT-1 is restricted by its substrate, J. Biol. Chem., 275, 9684, 10.1074/jbc.275.13.9684
Grunewald, 1998, Biotinylation of single cysteine mutants of the glutamate transporter GLT-1 from rat brain reveals its unusual topology, Neuron, 21, 623, 10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80572-3
Gu, 2000, Identification and characterization of an amino acid transporter expressed differentially in liver, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 97, 3230, 10.1073/pnas.050318197
Guastella, 1990, Cloning and expression of a rat brain GABA transporter, Science, 249, 1303, 10.1126/science.1975955
Guastella, 1992, Cloning, expression, and localization of a rat brain high-affinity glycine transporter, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 89, 7189, 10.1073/pnas.89.15.7189
Gundersen, 2000, Aspartate — Neurochemical evidence for a transmitter role, 45
Gundersen, 1993, Demonstration of glutamate/aspartate uptake activity in nerve endings by use of antibodies recognizing exogenous d-aspartate, Neuroscience, 57, 97, 10.1016/0306-4522(93)90114-U
Gundersen, 1996, Selective excitatory amino acid uptake in glutamatergic nerve terminals and in glia in the rat striatum: quantitative electron microscopic immunocytochemistry of exogenous d-aspartate and endogenous glutamate and GABA, Eur. J. Neurosci., 8, 758, 10.1111/j.1460-9568.1996.tb01261.x
Gundersen, 1998, Synaptic vesicular localization and exocytosis of l-aspartate in excitatory nerve terminals: a quantitative immunogold analysis in rat hippocampus, J. Neurosci., 18, 6059, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.18-16-06059.1998
Guo, 2000, Neurotrophic factors protect cortical synaptic terminals against amyloid- and oxidative stress-induced impairment of glucose transport, glutamate transport and mitochondrial function, Cereb. Cortex, 10, 50, 10.1093/cercor/10.1.50
Guo, 2000, ALS-linked Cu/Zn-SOD mutation impairs cerebral synaptic glucose and glutamate transport and exacerbates ischemic brain injury, J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab., 20, 463, 10.1097/00004647-200003000-00004
Guo, 2000, ALS-linked Cu/Zn-SOD mutation impairs cerebral synaptic glucose and glutamate transport and exacerbates ischemic brain injury, J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab., 20, 463, 10.1097/00004647-200003000-00004
Haddad, 1993, O2 deprivation in the central nervous system: on mechanisms of neuronal response, differential sensitivity and injury, Prog. Neurobiol., 40, 277, 10.1016/0301-0082(93)90014-J
Hagiwara, 1996, Genomic organization, promoter analysis, and chromosomal localization of the gene for the mouse glial high-affinity glutamate transporter Slc1a3, Genomics, 33, 508, 10.1006/geno.1996.0226
Hakuba, 2000, Exacerbation of noise-induced hearing loss in mice lacking the glutamate transporter GLAST, J. Neurosci., 20, 8750, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.20-23-08750.2000
Halestrap, 1999, The proton-linked monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) family: structure, function and regulation, Biochem. J., 343, 281, 10.1042/0264-6021:3430281
Hall, 1997, Differential surface expression and phosphorylation of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor subunits NR1 and NR2 in cultured hippocampal neurons, J. Biol. Chem., 272, 4135, 10.1074/jbc.272.7.4135
Hallem, 1999, Spatial correspondence between tactile projection patterns and the distribution of the antigenic Purkinje cell markers anti-zebrin I and anti-zebrin II in the cerebellar folium crus IIa of the rat, Neuroscience, 93, 1083, 10.1016/S0306-4522(99)00144-X
Hamberger, 1984, Extra- and intracellular amino acids in the hippocampus during development of hepatic encephalopathy, Neurochem. Res., 9, 1181, 10.1007/BF00973033
Hamberger, 1979, Glutamate as a CNS transmitter. I. Evaluation of glucose and glutamine as precursors for the synthesis of preferentially released glutamate, Brain Res., 168, 513, 10.1016/0006-8993(79)90306-8
Hamberger, 1983, Extracellular GABA, glutamate and glutamine in vivo — perfusion-dialysis of rabbit hippocampus, Neurol. Neurobiol., 7, 473
Hampson, 1992, Interaction of domoic acid and several derivatives with kainic acid and AMPA binding sites in rat brain, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 218, 1, 10.1016/0014-2999(92)90140-Y
Hanse, 1997, Activity-dependent wiring of the developing hippocampal neuronal circuit, Semin. Cell Dev. Biol., 8, 35, 10.1006/scdb.1996.0119
Hansen, 1990, Structural, conformational, and stereochemical requirements of central exitatory amino acid receptors, Med. Res. Rev., 10, 55, 10.1002/med.2610100103
Hanson, 1999, Group I metabotropic glutamate receptors at GABAergic synapses in monkeys, J. Neurosci., 19, 6488, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.19-15-06488.1999
Hansson, 1989, Regulation of glutamate and GABA transport by adrenoceptors in primary astroglial cell cultures, Life Sci., 44, 27, 10.1016/0024-3205(89)90214-2
Hansson, 1991, Receptor regulation of the glutamate, GABA and taurine high-affinity uptake into astrocytes in primary culture, Brain Res., 548, 215, 10.1016/0006-8993(91)91124-J
Harada, 1998, Functions of the two glutamate transporters GLAST and GLT-1 in the retina, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 95, 4663, 10.1073/pnas.95.8.4663
Hardy, 1987, Region-specific loss of glutamate innervation in Alzheimer's disease, Neurosci. Lett., 73, 77, 10.1016/0304-3940(87)90034-6
Harmar, 1998, International Union of Pharmacology. XVIII. Nomenclature of receptors for vasoactive intestinal peptide and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide, Pharmacol. Rev., 50, 265
Harris, 1999, Calcium from internal stores modifies dendritic spine shape, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 96, 12213, 10.1073/pnas.96.22.12213
Harris, 1995, Variation in the number, location and size of synaptic vesicles provides an anatomical basis for the nonuniform probability of release at hippocampal CA1 synapses, Neuropharmacology, 34, 1387, 10.1016/0028-3908(95)00142-S
Harris, 1995, Beta-amyloid peptide-derived, oxygen-dependent free radicals inhibit glutamate uptake in cultured astrocytes: implications for Alzheimer's disease, Neuroreport, 6, 1875, 10.1097/00001756-199510020-00013
Harris, 1996, Amyloid beta peptide (25-35) inhibits Na+-dependent glutamate uptake in rat hippocampal astrocyte cultures, J. Neurochem., 67, 277, 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1996.67010277.x
Harris, 1999, Ethanol actions on multiple ion channels: which are important?, Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res., 23, 1563
Harvey, 1991, Quantitative studies on the mammalian cerebellum, Prog. Neurobiol., 36, 437, 10.1016/0301-0082(91)90012-P
Hashimoto, 1997, Free d-aspartate and d-serine in the mammalian brain and periphery, Prog. Neurobiol., 52, 325, 10.1016/S0301-0082(97)00019-1
Hassel, 1995, Glial formation of pyruvate and lactate from TCA cycle intermediates: implications for the inactivation of transmitter amino acids?, J. Neurochem., 65, 2227, 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1995.65052227.x
Hassel, 2000, Cerebral metabolism of lactate in vivo: evidence for neuronal pyruvate carboxylation, J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab., 20, 327, 10.1097/00004647-200002000-00014
Hassel, 2000, Neuronal pyruvate carboxylation supports formation of transmitter glutamate, J. Neurosci., 20, 1342, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.20-04-01342.2000
Hassel, 1995, Glial–neuronal interactions as studied by cerebral metabolism of [2-13C]acetate and [1-13C]glucose: an ex vivo 13C NMR spectroscopic study, J. Neurochem., 64, 2773, 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1995.64062773.x
Haugeto, 1996, Brain glutamate transporter proteins form homomultimers, J. Biol. Chem., 271, 27715, 10.1074/jbc.271.44.27715
Haughey, 1999, Oxygen radicals differentially affect Na+/Cl−-dependent transporters, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 379, 107, 10.1016/S0014-2999(99)00487-2
Hawkes, 1997, An anatomical model of cerebellar modules, Prog. Brain Res., 114, 39, 10.1016/S0079-6123(08)63357-9
Hayashi, 1954, Effects of sodium glutamate on the nervous system, Keio J. Med., 3, 183, 10.2302/kjm.3.183
He, Y., Janssen, W.G.M., Rothstein, J.D., Morrison, J.H., 2000. Differential synaptic localization of the glutamate transporter EAAC1 and glutamate receptor subunit GluR2 in the rat hippocampus. J. Comp. Neurol. 418, 255–269.
Headley, 1990, Excitatory amino acids and synaptic transmission: the evidence for a physiological function, Trends Pharmacol. Sci., 11, 205, 10.1016/0165-6147(90)90116-P
Hebert, 1992, Glucose transporter oligomeric structure determines transporter function, J. Biol. Chem., 267, 23829, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)35912-X
Hediger, 1999, Glutamate transporters in kidney and brain, Am. J. Physiol., 277, F487
Hees, 1992, A monoclonal antibody against a Na+-l-glutamate cotransporter from rat brain, J. Biol. Chem., 267, 23275, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)50087-9
Henn, 1976, Glial contamination of synaptosomal fractions, Brain Res., 101, 341, 10.1016/0006-8993(76)90274-2
Henry, 1998, Noncovalent and covalent labeling of vesicular monoamine transporter with tetrabenazine and ketanserin derivatives; purification of photolabeled protein, Methods Enzymol., 296, 73, 10.1016/S0076-6879(98)96007-4
Henry, 1998, The vesicular monoamine transporter: from chromaffin granule to brain, Neurochem. Int., 32, 227, 10.1016/S0197-0186(97)00092-2
Hertz, 1978, GFA content, glutamate uptake and activity of glutamate metabolizing enzymes in differentiating mouse astrocytes, Dev. Neurosci., 1, 226, 10.1159/000112577
Hestrin, 1990, Mechanisms generating the time course of dual component excitatory synaptic currents recorded in hippocampal slices, Neuron, 5, 247, 10.1016/0896-6273(90)90162-9
Hirai, 2000, Clustering of delta glutamate receptors is regulated by the actin cytoskeleton in the dendritic spines of cultured rat Purkinje cells, Eur. J. Neurosci., 12, 563, 10.1046/j.1460-9568.2000.00938.x
Hjelmeland, 1980, A nondenaturating zwitterionic detergent for membrane biochemistry: design and synthesis, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 77, 6368, 10.1073/pnas.77.11.6368
Hoeltzli, 1990, Anionic amino acid transport systems in isolated basal plasma membrane of human placenta, Am. J. Physiol., 259, C47, 10.1152/ajpcell.1990.259.1.C47
Hoffman, 1996, The in vivo effect of bilirubin on the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor/ion channel complex in the brains of newborn piglets, Pediatr. Res., 40, 804, 10.1203/00006450-199612000-00005
Hofmann, 1994, Human neutral amino acid transporter ASCT1: structure of the gene (SLC1a4) and localization to chromosome 2p13-p15, Genomics, 24, 20, 10.1006/geno.1994.1577
Hollmann, 1994, Cloned glutamate receptors, Annu. Rev. Neurosci., 17, 31, 10.1146/annurev.ne.17.030194.000335
Holmes, 1995, Modeling the effect of glutamate diffusion and uptake on NMDA and non-NMDA receptor saturation, Biophys. J., 69, 1734, 10.1016/S0006-3495(95)80043-3
Honig, 2000, Glutamate transporter EAAT2 splice variants occur not only in ALS, but also in AD and controls, Neurology, 55, 1082, 10.1212/WNL.55.8.1082
Hösli, 1993, Receptors for neurotransmitters on astrocytes in the mammalian central nervous system, Prog. Neurobiol., 40, 477, 10.1016/0301-0082(93)90019-O
Hu, 2000, Cytokine effects on glutamate uptake by human astrocytes, Neuroimmunomodulation, 7, 153, 10.1159/000026433
Huck, 1984, The glutamate analog l-amino adipic acid is taken up by astrocytes before exerting its gliotoxic effect in vitro, J. Neurosci., 4, 2650, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.04-10-02650.1984
Huggett, 2000, The open reading frame of the Na+-dependent glutamate transporter GLAST-1 is expressed in bone and a splice variant of this molecule is expressed in bone and brain, FEBS Lett., 485, 13, 10.1016/S0014-5793(00)02175-X
Hurn, 1997, Alkalemia reduces recovery from global cerebral ischemia by NMDA receptor-mediated mechanism, Am. J. Physiol., 41, H2557
Igo, 1996, New mutations and phenotypes associated with glutamate and aspartate transport in chinese hamster ovary (CHO-k1) cells, Somat. Cell Mol. Genet., 22, 87, 10.1007/BF02369900
Ikeda, 1996, Nuclear disintegration as a leading step of glutamate excitotoxicity in brain neurons, J. Neurosci. Res., 43, 613, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4547(19960301)43:5<613::AID-JNR11>3.0.CO;2-1
Ikonomidou, 1989, Sensitivity of the developing rat brain to hypobaric ischemic damage parallels sensitivity to N-methyl-aspartate neurotoxicity, J. Neurosci., 9, 2809, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.09-08-02809.1989
Ikonomidou, 2000, Ethanol-induced apoptotic neurodegeneration and fetal alcohol syndrome, Science, 287, 1056, 10.1126/science.287.5455.1056
Inage, 1998, Expression of two glutamate transporters, GLAST and EAAT4, in the human cerebellum: their correlation in development and neonatal hypoxic-ischemic damage, J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol., 57, 554, 10.1097/00005072-199806000-00003
Ingram, 2000, Arachidonic acid stimulates a novel cocaine-sensitive cation conductance associated with the human dopamine transporter, J. Neurosci., 20, 550, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.20-02-00550.2000
Innocenti, 2000, Imaging extracellular waves of glutamate during calcium signaling in cultured astrocytes, J. Neurosci., 20, 1800, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.20-05-01800.2000
Inoue, 1995, Cloning and expression of a bovine glutamate transporter, Mol. Brain Res., 28, 343, 10.1016/0169-328X(94)00244-9
Isaacson, 1999, Glutamate spillover mediates excitatory transmission in the rat olfactory bulb, Neuron, 23, 377, 10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80787-4
Isaacson, 1993, The uptake inhibitor l-trans-PDC enhances responses to glutamate but fails to alter the kinetics of excitatory synaptic currents in the hippocampus, J. Neurophysiol., 70, 2187, 10.1152/jn.1993.70.5.2187
Isambert, 1992, Characterization and purification of the monoamine transporter of bovine chromaffin granules, Biochemistry, 31, 1980, 10.1021/bi00122a012
Ishimaru, 1997, The glutamate hypothesis of schizophrenia: therapeutic implications, CNS Drugs, 7, 47, 10.2165/00023210-199707010-00006
Ishimaru, 1999, Distinguishing excitotoxic from apoptotic neurodegeneration in the developing rat brain, J. Comp. Neurol., 408, 461, 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19990614)408:4<461::AID-CNE2>3.0.CO;2-9
Itoh, 1997, Expression of a glutamate transporter subtype, EAAT4, in the developing human cerebellum, Brain Res., 767, 265, 10.1016/S0006-8993(97)00572-6
Itzstein, 2000, Specific antagonists of NMDA receptors prevent osteoclast sealing zone formation required for bone resorption, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 268, 201, 10.1006/bbrc.2000.2097
Iverson, 1989, Domoic acid poisoning and mussel-associated intoxication — preliminary investigations into the response of mice and rats to toxic mussel extract, Food Chem. Toxicol., 27, 377, 10.1016/0278-6915(89)90143-9
Iwasaki, 1992, Plasma amino acid levels in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, J. Neurol. Sci., 107, 219, 10.1016/0022-510X(92)90292-S
Jabaudon, 1999, Inhibition of uptake unmasks rapid extracellular turnover of glutamate of nonvesicular origin, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 96, 8733, 10.1073/pnas.96.15.8733
Jabaudon, 2000, Acute decrease in net glutamate uptake during energy deprivation, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 97, 5610, 10.1073/pnas.97.10.5610
Jackson, M., Song, W., Liu, M.Y., Jin, L., Dykes-Hoberg, M., Lin, C.I., Bowers, W.J., Federoff, H.J., Sternweis, P.C., Rothstein, J.D., 2001. Modulation of the neuronal glutamate transporter EAAT4 by two interacting proteins. Nature 410, 89–93.
Jackson, 1999, Polymorphisms in the glutamate transporter gene EAAT2 in European ALS patients, J. Neurol., 246, 1140, 10.1007/s004150050532
Jakab, 1988, Quantitative morphology and synaptology of cerebellar glomeroli in the rat, J. Comp. Neurol., 179, 81
Jakowec, 1995, In situ hybridization analysis of AMPA receptor subunit gene expression in the developing rat spinal cord, Neuroscience, 67, 909, 10.1016/0306-4522(95)00094-Y
Janjua, 1992, Familial increase in plasma glutamic acid in epilepsy, Epilepsy Res., 11, 37, 10.1016/0920-1211(92)90019-P
Jensen, 2000, Depolarization-induced release of [3H]d-aspartate from GABAergic neurons caused by reversal of glutamate transporters, Int. J. Dev. Neurosci., 18, 309, 10.1016/S0736-5748(99)00099-4
Jentsch, 1999, The neuropsychopharmacology of phencyclidine: from NMDA receptor hypofunction to the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia, Neuropsychopharmacology, 20, 201, 10.1016/S0893-133X(98)00060-8
Jess, 1996, The membrane-bound rat serotonin transporter, SERT1, is an oligomeric protein, FEBS Lett., 394, 44, 10.1016/0014-5793(96)00916-7
Ji, 1991, An electron microscopic, immunogold analysis of glutamate and glutamine in terminals of rat spinocerebellar fibres, J. Comp. Neurol., 307, 296, 10.1002/cne.903070210
Johanson, 1980, Permeability and vascularity of the developing brain: cerebellum vs cerebral cortex, Brain Res., 190, 3, 10.1016/0006-8993(80)91155-5
Johnston, 1981, Glutamate uptake and its possible role in neurotransmitter inactivation, 77
Johnston, 1979, Action of the neurotoxin kainic acid on high affinity uptake of l-glutamic acid in rat brain slices, J. Neurochem., 32, 121, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1979.tb04518.x
Johnston, 1980, Potentation of l-glutamate and l-aspartate excitation of cat spinal neurones by the stereoisomers of threo-3-hydroxyaspartate, J. Neurochem., 34, 241, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1980.tb04650.x
Johnston, 1995, Neurotransmitters and vulnerability of the developing brain, Brain Dev., 17, 301, 10.1016/0387-7604(95)00079-Q
Julien, 1997, Neurofilaments and motor neuron disease, Trends Cell Biol., 7, 243, 10.1016/S0962-8924(97)01049-0
Kammerer, 1999, Heterodimerization of a functional GABA(b) receptor is mediated by parallel coiled-coil alpha-helices, Biochemistry, 38, 13263, 10.1021/bi991018t
Kanai, 1992, Primary structure and functional characterization of a high-affinity glutamate transporter, Nature, 360, 467, 10.1038/360467a0
Kanai, 1993, A new family of neurotransmitter transporters — the high-affinity glutamate transporters, FASEB J., 7, 1450, 10.1096/fasebj.7.15.7903261
Kanai, 1994, The neuronal and epithelial human high affinity glutamate transporter — insights into structure and mechanism of transport, J. Biol. Chem., 269, 20599, 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)32035-5
Kanai, 1995, Neuronal high-affinity glutamate transport in the rat central nervous system, Neuroreport, 6, 2357, 10.1097/00001756-199511270-00020
Kanai, 1997, The high-affinity glutamate transporter family, 171
Kanai, 1998, Expression cloning and characterization of a transporter for large neutral amino acids activated by the heavy chain of 4F2 antigen (CD98), J. Biol. Chem., 273, 23629, 10.1074/jbc.273.37.23629
Kanner, 1978, Active transport of gamma-aminobutyric acid by membrane vesicles isolated from rat brain, Biochemistry, 17, 1207, 10.1021/bi00600a011
Kanner, 1978, Solubilization and reconstitution of the gamma-aminobutyric acid transporter from rat brain, FEBS Lett., 89, 47, 10.1016/0014-5793(78)80519-5
Kanner, 1983, Bioenergetics of neurotransmitter transport, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 726, 293, 10.1016/0304-4173(83)90013-7
Kanner, 1982, Binding order of substrates to the sodium and potassium ion coupled l-glutamic acid transporter from rat brain, Biochemistry, 21, 6327, 10.1021/bi00267a044
Kanner, 1982, Efflux of l-glutamate by synaptic plasma membrane vesicles isolated from rat brain, Biochemistry, 21, 3143, 10.1021/bi00256a017
Kanner, 1987, Mechanism of transport and storage of neurotransmitters, CRC Crit. Rev. Biochem., 22, 1, 10.3109/10409238709082546
Kanner, 1978, Active transport of l-glutamate by membrane vesicles isolated from rat brain, Biochemistry, 17, 3949, 10.1021/bi00612a011
Kanner, 1978, Solubilization and reconstitution of the l-glutamic acid transporter from rat brain, FEBS Lett., 94, 245, 10.1016/0014-5793(78)80947-8
Karpati, 2000, Viral hide-and-seek in sporadic ALS: a new challenge, Neurology, 54, 6, 10.1212/WNL.54.1.6
Kataoka, 1997, A postsynaptic excitatory amino acid transporter with chloride conductance functionally regulated by neuronal activity in cerebellar Purkinje cells, J. Neurosci., 17, 7017, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.17-18-07017.1997
Katayama, 1990, Massive increases in extracellular potassium and the indiscriminate release of glutamate following concussive brain injury, J. Neurosurg., 73, 889, 10.3171/jns.1990.73.6.0889
Katayama, 1995, Role of excitatory amino acid-mediated ionic fluxes in traumatic brain injury, Brain Pathol., 5, 427, 10.1111/j.1750-3639.1995.tb00621.x
Katchman, 1993, Early anoxia-induced vesicular glutamate release results from mobilization of calcium from intracellular stores, J. Neurophysiol., 70, 1, 10.1152/jn.1993.70.1.1
Kato, 1992, A mechanism for glutamate toxicity in the C6 glioma cells involving inhibition of cystine uptake leading to glutathione depletion, Neuroscience, 48, 903, 10.1016/0306-4522(92)90278-A
Kauppinen, 1988, Ca2+-dependent and Ca2+-independent glutamate release, energy status and cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration in isolated nerve terminals following metabolic inhibition: possible relevance to hypoglycaemia and anoxia, Neuroscience, 27, 175, 10.1016/0306-4522(88)90228-X
Kavanaugh, 1998, Neurotransmitter transport: models in flux, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 95, 12737, 10.1073/pnas.95.22.12737
Kavanaugh, 1999, Glutamate transporters in brain: new complexities in structure and function, J. Neurochem., 73, S7B
Kavanaugh, 1997, Mutation of an amino acid residue influencing potassium coupling in the glutamate transporter GET-1 induces obligate exchange, J. Biol. Chem., 272, 1703, 10.1074/jbc.272.3.1703
Kawakami, 1994, Cloning and expression of a human glutamate transporter, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 199, 171, 10.1006/bbrc.1994.1210
Kawamata, 1992, Administration of excitatory amino acid antagonists via microdialysis attenuates the increase in glucose utilization seen following concussive brain injury, J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab., 12, 12, 10.1038/jcbfm.1992.3
Kawano, 1996, Molecular cloning of a cDNA for the glutamate transporter of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 228, 415, 10.1006/bbrc.1996.1676
Kawano, 1997, Structure and activity of a new form of the glutamate transporter of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 61, 927, 10.1271/bbb.61.927
Kawano, 1999, Cloning and characterization of a Drosophila melanogaster cDNA encoding a glutamate transporter, Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 63, 2042, 10.1271/bbb.63.2042
Kazantsev, 1999, Insoluble detergent-resistant aggregates form between pathological and nonpathological lengths of polyglutamine in mammalian cells, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 96, 11404, 10.1073/pnas.96.20.11404
Kelleher, 1993, Modification of hypoxia-induced injury in cultured rat astrocytes by high levels of glucose, Stroke, 24, 855, 10.1161/01.STR.24.6.855
Keller, 1997, 17 beta-estradiol attenuates oxidative impairment of synaptic Na+/K+-ATPase activity, glucose transport, and glutamate transport induced by amyloid beta-peptide and iron, J. Neurosci. Res., 50, 522, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4547(19971115)50:4<522::AID-JNR3>3.0.CO;2-G
Keller, 1997, 4-Hydroxynonenal, an aldehydic product of membrane lipid peroxidation, impairs glutamate transport and mitochondrial function in synaptosomes, Neuroscience, 80, 685, 10.1016/S0306-4522(97)00065-1
Keller, 1997, Impairment of glucose and glutamate transport and induction of mitochondrial oxidative stress and dysfunction in synaptosomes by amyloid beta-peptide: role of the lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynonenal, J. Neurochem., 69, 273, 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1997.69010273.x
Kennedy, 1998, Signal transduction molecules at the glutamatergic postsynaptic membrane, Brain Res. Brain Res. Rev., 26, 243, 10.1016/S0165-0173(97)00043-X
Kerkerian, 1983, Topographic changes in high-affinity glutamate uptake in the cat red nucleus, substantia nigra, thalamus, and caudate nucleus after lesions of sensorimotor cortical areas, Exp. Neurol., 81, 598, 10.1016/0014-4886(83)90329-1
Kerkerian, 1987, Modulatory effect of dopamine on high-affinity glutamate uptake in rat striatum, J. Neurochem., 48, 1301, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1987.tb05661.x
Khan, 1995, Arachidonic acid and free fatty acids as second messengers and the role of protein kinase C, Cell Signal, 7, 171, 10.1016/0898-6568(94)00089-T
Killinger, 1996, Autoradiographic studies indicate regional variations in the characteristics of l-glutamate transporters in the rat brain, Neurosci. Lett., 216, 101
Kimelberg, 1995, Current concepts of brain edema — review of laboratory investigations, J. Neurosurg., 83, 1051, 10.3171/jns.1995.83.6.1051
Kimelberg, 1998, Swelling-activated release of excitatory amino acids in the brain: relevance for pathophysiology, Contrib. Nephrol., 123, 240, 10.1159/000059916
Kimelberg, 1990, Swelling-induced release of glutamate, aspartate, and taurine from astrocyte cultures, J. Neurosci., 10, 1583, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.10-05-01583.1990
Kinney, 1997, Prolonged physiological entrapment of glutamate in the synaptic cleft of cerebellar unipolar brush cells, J. Neurophysiol., 78, 1320, 10.1152/jn.1997.78.3.1320
Kirov, 1999, Slices have more synapses than perfusion-fixed hippocampus from both young and mature rats, J. Neurosci., 19, 2876, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.19-08-02876.1999
Kirschner, 1994, The mouse and human excitatory amino acid transporter gene (EAAT1) maps to mouse chromosome 15 and a region of syntenic homology on human chromosome 5, Genomics, 22, 631, 10.1006/geno.1994.1437
Kirschner, 1994, Mouse excitatory amino acid transporter EAAT2: isolation, characterization, and proximity to neuroexcitability loci on mouse chromosome 2, Genomics, 24, 218, 10.1006/geno.1994.1609
Kiryu, 1995, Nerve injury enhances rat neuronal glutamate transporter expression: identification by differential display PCR, J. Neurosci., 15, 7872, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.15-12-07872.1995
Kish, 1989, Ontogeny of glutamate accumulating activity in rat brain synaptic vesicles, Neurosci. Lett., 97, 185, 10.1016/0304-3940(89)90161-4
Kisvarday, 1989, Interlaminar and lateral excitatory amino acid connections in the striate cortex of monkey, J. Neurosci., 9, 667, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.09-02-00667.1989
Kleinle, 1996, Transmitter concentration profiles in the synaptic cleft: an analytical model of release and diffusion, Biophys. J., 71, 2413, 10.1016/S0006-3495(96)79435-3
Klintsova, 1995, Astrocytic volume fluctuates in the hippocampal CA1 region across the estrous cycle, Brain Res., 690, 269, 10.1016/0006-8993(95)00642-4
Klöckner, 1993, Electrogenic l-glutamate uptake in Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing a cloned rat brain l-glutamate/L-aspartate transporter (GLAST-1), J. Biol. Chem., 268, 14594, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)82373-0
Knecht, 1997, Decreased glutamate transporter (GLT-1) expression in frontal cortex of rats with acute liver failure, Neurosci. Lett., 229, 201, 10.1016/S0304-3940(97)00444-8
Kniesel, 2000, Tight junctions of the blood-brain barrier, Cell. Mol. Neurobiol., 20, 57, 10.1023/A:1006995910836
Koch, 1999, Differentiation of substrate and nonsubstrate inhibitors of the high-affinity, sodium-dependent glutamate transporters, Mol. Pharmacol., 56, 1095, 10.1124/mol.56.6.1095
Koch, 1999, Nontransportable inhibitors attenuate reversal of glutamate uptake in synaptosomes following a metabolic insult, Mol. Pharmacol., 55, 1044, 10.1124/mol.55.6.1044
Koedam, 1997, Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins-3 and -5 form sodium dodecyl sulfate-stable multimers, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 240, 707, 10.1006/bbrc.1997.7726
Kohmura, 1990, Hippocampal neurons become more vulnerable to glutamate after subcritical hypoxia: an in vitro study, J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab., 10, 877, 10.1038/jcbfm.1990.144
Komuro, 1993, Modulation of neuronal migration by NMDA receptors, Science, 260, 95, 10.1126/science.8096653
Kondo, 1995, Expression of glutamate transporters in cultured glial cells, Neurosci. Lett., 188, 140, 10.1016/0304-3940(95)11408-O
Koppenol, 1998, The basic chemistry of nitrogen monoxide and peroxynitrite, Free Radic. Biol. Med., 25, 385, 10.1016/S0891-5849(98)00093-8
Korkotian, 1999, Bidirectional regulation of dendritic spine dimensions by glutamate receptors, Neuroreport, 10, 2875, 10.1097/00001756-199909090-00032
Koroshetz, 1996, Emerging treatments for stroke in humans, Trends Pharmacol. Sci., 17, 227, 10.1016/0165-6147(96)10020-1
Kotaki, 1999, Confirmation of domoic acid production of pseudo-Nitzschia multiseries isolated from Ofunato bay, Japan, Toxicon, 37, 677, 10.1016/S0041-0101(98)00210-4
Koura, 1998, Relationship between excitatory amino acid release and outcome after severe human head injury, Acta Neurochir. Suppl. (Wien), 71, 244
Kramer, 1984, Low concentrations of potassium inhibit the Na+-dependent [3H]glutamate binding to rat hippocampal membranes, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 102, 155, 10.1016/0014-2999(84)90350-9
Kramer, 1986, Functional reconstitution of carrier proteins by removal of detergent with a hydrophobic ion exchange column, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 863, 289, 10.1016/0005-2736(86)90269-5
Kramer, 1989, Molecular aspects of isolated and reconstituted carrier proteins from animal mitochondria, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 974, 1, 10.1016/S0005-2728(89)80160-4
Krebs, 1935, Metabolism of amino acids. IV. Synthesis of glutamine from glutamic acid and ammonia, and the enzymatic hydrolysis of glutamine in animal tissue, Biochem. J., 29, 1951, 10.1042/bj0291951
Krogsgaard-Larsen, 1992, Naturally-occurring excitatory amino acids as neurotoxins and leads in drug design, Toxicol. Lett., 64-65, 409, 10.1016/0378-4274(92)90214-5
Kucharski, 2000, Molecular cloning and expression analysis of a cDNA encoding a glutamate transporter in the honeybee brain, Gene, 242, 399, 10.1016/S0378-1119(99)00503-X
Kugler, 1999, Glutamate transporter EAAC1 is expressed in neurons and glial cells in the rat nervous system, Glia, 27, 129, 10.1002/(SICI)1098-1136(199908)27:2<129::AID-GLIA3>3.0.CO;2-Y
Kullmann, 1999, Synaptic and extrasynaptic roles of glutamate in the mammalian hippocampus, Acta Physiol. Scand., 166, 79, 10.1046/j.1365-201x.1999.00546.x
Kullmann, 1998, Extrasynaptic glutamate spillover in the hippocampus: evidence and implications, Trends Neurosci., 21, 8, 10.1016/S0166-2236(97)01150-8
Kullmann, 1996, LTP of AMPA and NMDA receptor-mediated signals: evidence for presynaptic expression and extrasynaptic glutamate spill-over, Neuron, 17, 461, 10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80178-6
Kumari, 1998, Ethanol and regulation of the NMDA receptor subunits in fetal cortical neurons, J. Neurochem., 70, 1467, 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.70041467.x
Kurihara, 1997, Impaired parallel fiber→Purkinje cell synapse stabilization during cerebellar development of mutant mice lacking the glutamate receptor delta 2 subunit, J. Neurosci., 17, 9613, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.17-24-09613.1997
Kvamme, 1988, Glutaminases, 53
Kwak, 1995, Selective degeneration of inhibitory interneurons in the rat spinal cord induced by intrathecal infusion of acromelic acid, Brain Res., 702, 61, 10.1016/0006-8993(95)01000-6
Kwak, 1992, Acromelic acid, a novel kainate analogue, induces long-lasting paraparesis with selective degeneration of interneurons in the rat spinal cord, Exp. Neurol., 116, 145, 10.1016/0014-4886(92)90162-J
La Bella, 1997, Increased CSF glutamate following injection of ALS immunoglobulins, Neurology, 48, 1270, 10.1212/WNL.48.5.1270
Laake, 1995, Glutamine from glial cells is essential for the maintenance of the nerve terminal pool of glutamate: immunogold evidence from hippocampal slice cultures, J. Neurochem., 65, 871, 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1995.65020871.x
Laake, 1999, Postembedding immunogold labelling reveals subcellular localization and pathway-specific enrichment of phosphate activated glutaminase in rat cerebellum, Neuroscience, 88, 1137, 10.1016/S0306-4522(98)00298-X
Laemmli, 1970, Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4, Nature, 227, 680, 10.1038/227680a0
Lafon-Cazal, 1993, NMDA-dependent superoxide production and neurotoxicity, Nature, 364, 535, 10.1038/364535a0
LaMantia, 1995, The usual suspects: GABA and glutamate may regulate proliferation in the neocortex, Neuron, 15, 1223, 10.1016/0896-6273(95)90002-0
Langmoen, 1995, Volatile anaesthetics: cellular mechanisms of action, Eur. J. Anaesthesiol., 12, 51
Lao, 1993, High-affinity l-aspartate transporter in prostate epithelial cells that is regulated by testosterone, Prostate, 22, 53, 10.1002/pros.2990220108
Larsen, 1997, Isoflurane increases the uptake of glutamate in synaptosomes from rat cerebral cortex, Br. J. Anaesth., 78, 55, 10.1093/bja/78.1.55
Larsen, 1998, Effect of isoflurane on release and uptake of gamma-aminobutyric acid from rat cortical synaptosomes, Br. J. Anaesth., 80, 634, 10.1093/bja/80.5.634
Laube, 1998, Evidence for a tetrameric structure of recombinant NMDA receptors, J. Neurosci., 18, 2954, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.18-08-02954.1998
Lebrun, 1997, New beta-hydroxyaspartate derivatives are competitive blockers for the bovine glutamate/aspartate transporter, J. Biol. Chem., 272, 20336, 10.1074/jbc.272.33.20336
Lee, 1995, Amyloid precursor protein processing is stimulated by metabotropic glutamate receptors, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 92, 8083, 10.1073/pnas.92.17.8083
Lehmann, 1983, Effects of in vivo administration of kainic acid on the extracellular amino acid pool in the rabbit hippocampus, J. Neurochem., 40, 1314, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1983.tb13572.x
Lehre, 1998, The number of glutamate transporter subtype molecules at glutamatergic synapses: chemical and stereological quantification in young adult rat brain, J. Neurosci., 18, 8751, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.18-21-08751.1998
Lehre, 1995, Differential expression of two glial glutamate transporters in the rat brain: quantitative and immunocytochemical observations, J. Neurosci., 15, 1835, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.15-03-01835.1995
Lehre, 1997, Localization of the glutamate transporter protein GLAST in rat retina, Brain Res., 744, 129, 10.1016/S0006-8993(96)01022-0
Lendon, 1997, Exploring the etiology of Alzheimer disease using molecular genetics, JAMA, 277, 825, 10.1001/jama.277.10.825
Leong, 1989, The effects of progressive formaldehyde fixation on the preservation of tissue antigens, Pathology (Phila.), 21, 266
Lerner, 1987, Acidic amino acid transport in animal cells and tissues, Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 87B, 443
Levenson, 2000, Localization of glutamate and glutamate transporters in the sensory neurons of Aplysia, J. Comp. Neurol., 423, 121, 10.1002/1096-9861(20000717)423:1<121::AID-CNE10>3.0.CO;2-E
Levi, 1976, Uptake and exchange of GABA and glutamate in isolated nerve endings, Adv. Exp. Med. Biol., 69, 273, 10.1007/978-1-4684-3264-0_21
Levi, 1993, Carrier-mediated release of neurotransmitters, Trends Neurosci., 16, 415, 10.1016/0166-2236(93)90010-J
Levite, 1999, Autoantibodies to the glutamate receptor kill neurons via activation of the receptor ion channel, J. Autoimmun., 13, 61, 10.1006/jaut.1999.0301
Levy, 1993, Down regulation of a glial glutamate transporter in striatum after destruction of the glutamatergic corticostriatal projection, J. Neurochem., 61, S208
Levy, 1993, A monoclonal antibody raised against an [Na+-K+]coupled l-glutamate transporter purified from rat brain confirms glial cell localization, FEBS Lett., 317, 79, 10.1016/0014-5793(93)81495-L
Levy, 1995, Down-regulation of glial glutamate transporters after glutamatergic denervation in the rat brain, Eur. J. Neurosci., 7, 2036, 10.1111/j.1460-9568.1995.tb00626.x
Levy, 1998, Inducible expression of the GLT-1 glutamate transporter in a CHO cell line selected for low endogenous glutamate uptake, FEBS Lett., 422, 339, 10.1016/S0014-5793(98)00036-2
Levy, 1998, Stoichiometry of the glial glutamate transporter GLT-1 expressed inducibly in a chinese hamster ovary cell line selected for low endogenous Na+-dependent glutamate uptake, J. Neurosci., 18, 9620, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.18-23-09620.1998
Li, 1997, Glutamate transporter alterations in Alzheimer disease are possibly associated with abnormal APP expression, J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol., 56, 901, 10.1097/00005072-199708000-00008
Li, 1995, Assignment of the gene SLC1a2 coding for the human glutamate transporter EAAT2 to human chromosome 11 bands p13-p12, Cytogenet. Cell Genet., 71, 212, 10.1159/000134111
Li, 1994, The Na+-dependent binding of [3H]l-aspartate in thaw-mounted sections of rat forebrain, Exp. Brain Res., 97, 415, 10.1007/BF00241535
Lieb, 2000, Quantitative autoradiography of Na+-dependent [3H]l-aspartate binding to l-glutamate transporters in rat brain: structure-activity studies using l-trans-pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylate (l-t-PDC) and 2-(carboxycyclopropyl)-glycine (CCG), Neurochem. Int., 36, 319, 10.1016/S0197-0186(99)00140-0
Liévens, 2000, Differential effects of corticostriatal and thalamostriatal deafferentation on expression of the glutamate transporter GLT1 in the rat striatum, J. Neurochem., 74, 909, 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2000.0740909.x
Lin, C.I., Orlov, I., Ruggiero, A.M., Dykes-Hoberg, M., Lee, A., Jackson, M., Rothstein, J.D., 2001. Modulation of the neuronal glutamate transporter EAAC1 by the interacting protein GTRAP3-18. Nature 410, 84–8.
Lin, 1998, Aberrant RNA processing in a neurodegenerative disease: the cause for absent EAAT2 a glutamate transporter, in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Neuron, 20, 589, 10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80997-6
Lin, 1998, Molecular cloning and expression of the rat EAAT4 glutamate transporter subtype, Mol. Brain Res., 63, 174, 10.1016/S0169-328X(98)00256-3
Lipton, 1999, Ischemic cell death in brain neurons, Physiol. Rev., 79, 1431, 10.1152/physrev.1999.79.4.1431
Lissin, 1998, Activity differentially regulates the surface expression of synaptic AMPA and NMDA glutamate receptors, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 95, 7097, 10.1073/pnas.95.12.7097
Liu, 1991, Excitatory amino acids rise to toxic levels upon impact injury to the rat spinal cord, Brain Res., 547, 344, 10.1016/0006-8993(91)90984-4
Liu, 1997, Localization of glutamate receptor subunits of the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA) type in the pancreas of newborn guinea pigs, Pancreas, 14, 360, 10.1097/00006676-199705000-00006
Liu, 1997, Glutamatergic enteric neurons, J. Neurosci., 17, 4764, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.17-12-04764.1997
Liu, 1999, Tumor necrosis factor-alpha attenuates N-methyl-d-aspartate-mediated neurotoxicity in neonatal rat hippocampus, Brain Res., 851, 94, 10.1016/S0006-8993(99)02126-5
Liu, 1997, The role of vesicular transport proteins in synaptic transmission and neural degeneration, Annu. Rev. Neurosci., 20, 125, 10.1146/annurev.neuro.20.1.125
Liu, 1992, A cDNA that suppresses MPP+ toxicity encodes a vesicular amine transporter, Cell, 70, 539, 10.1016/0092-8674(92)90425-C
Liu, 1999, Membrane trafficking of neurotransmitter transporters in the regulation of synaptic transmission, Trends Cell. Biol., 9, 356, 10.1016/S0962-8924(99)01605-0
Logan, 1971, Unique high affinity uptake systems for glycine, glutamic and aspartic acids in central nervous tissue of the rat, Nature, 234, 297, 10.1038/234297b0
Logan, 1972, High affinity uptake systems for glycine, glutamic and aspartic acids in synaptosomes of rat central nervous tissues, Brain Res., 42, 413, 10.1016/0006-8993(72)90540-9
Lomeli, 1994, Control of kinetic properties of AMPA receptor channels by nuclear RNA editing, Science, 266, 1709, 10.1126/science.7992055
Lonart, 1994, Inhibitory effects of nitric oxide on the uptake of [3H]dopamine and [3H]glutamate by striatal synaptosomes, J. Neurochem., 63, 2108, 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1994.63062108.x
Longuemare, 1995, Excitatory amino acid release from astrocytes during energy failure by reversal of sodium-dependent uptake, J. Neurosci. Res., 40, 379, 10.1002/jnr.490400312
Longuemare, 1997, Net glutamate release from astrocytes is not induced by extracellular potassium concentrations attainable in brain, J. Neurochem., 69, 879, 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1997.69020879.x
Longuemare, 1999, K+-induced reversal of astrocyte glutamate uptake is limited by compensatory changes in intracellular Na+, Neuroscience, 93, 285, 10.1016/S0306-4522(99)00152-9
López-Corcuera, 1989, Reconstitution and partial purification of the sodium and chloride-coupled glycine transporter from rat spinal cord, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 983, 247, 10.1016/0005-2736(89)90240-X
López-Corcuera, 1991, Purification of sodium- and chloride-coupled glycine transporter from central nervous system, J. Biol. Chem., 266, 24809, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)54301-5
López-Corcuera, 1993, Hydrodynamic properties and immunological identification of the sodium-coupled and chloride-coupled glycine transporter, J. Biol. Chem., 268, 2239, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)53987-9
Lopez-Redondo, 2000, Glutamate transporter GLT-1 is highly expressed in activated microglia following facial nerve axotomy, Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res., 76, 429, 10.1016/S0169-328X(00)00022-X
Lortet, 1999, Effects of PKA and PKC modulators on high affinity glutamate uptake in primary neuronal cell cultures from rat cerebral cortex, Neuropharmacology, 38, 395, 10.1016/S0028-3908(98)00193-2
Lovinger, 1989, Ethanol inhibits NMDA-activated ion current in hippocampal neurons, Science, 243, 1721, 10.1126/science.2467382
Ludger, 1998, Exocytosis: SNAREs drum up!, Eur. J. Neurosci., 10, 415, 10.1046/j.1460-9568.1998.00081.x
Ludolph, 1999, Neurotoxic mechanisms of degeneration in motor neuron diseases, Drug Metab. Rev., 31, 619, 10.1081/DMR-100101938
Ludolph, 1998, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and glutamate, Restor. Neurol. Neurosci., 13, 59
Luján, 1997, Differential plasma membrane distribution of metabotropic glutamate receptors mGluR1 alpha, mGluR2 and mGluR5, relative to neurotransmitter release sites, J. Chem. Neuroanat., 13, 219, 10.1016/S0891-0618(97)00051-3
Lundy, 1995, Pre-incubation of synaptosomes with arachidonic acid potentiates inhibition of [3H]d-aspartate transport, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 291, 273, 10.1016/0922-4106(95)90067-5
Lynch, 1994, The effect of arachidonic acid on glutamate uptake in cortical and hippocampal preparations, Neurosci. Res. Commun., 14, 53
MacDonald, 2000, Glutamate is not a messenger in insulin secretion, J. Biol. Chem., 275, 34025, 10.1074/jbc.C000411200
MacManus, 1997, Glutamate-treated rat cortical neuronal cultures die in a way different from the classical apoptosis induced by staurosporine, Exp. Cell Res., 233, 310, 10.1006/excr.1997.3558
Madl, 1993, Adenosine triphosphate depletion reverses sodium-dependent, neuronal uptake of glutamate in rat hippocampal slices, J. Neurosci., 13, 4429, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.13-10-04429.1993
Maechler, 1999, Mitochondrial glutamate acts as a messenger in glucose-induced insulin exocytosis, Nature, 402, 685, 10.1038/45280
Maeda, 1998, Mechanisms of excitatory amino acid release in contused brain tissue: effects of hypothermia and in situ administration of Co2+ on extracellular levels of glutamate, J. Neurotrauma, 15, 655, 10.1089/neu.1998.15.655
Maeno-Hikichi, 1997, Structure and functional expression of the cloned mouse neuronal high-affinity glutamate transporter, Mol. Brain Res., 48, 176, 10.1016/S0169-328X(97)00169-1
Mager, 1993, Steady states, charge movements, and rates for a cloned GABA transporter expressed in Xenopus oocytes, Neuron, 10, 177, 10.1016/0896-6273(93)90309-F
Mager, 1994, Conducting states of a mammalian serotonin transporter, Neuron, 12, 845, 10.1016/0896-6273(94)90337-9
Mailly, 1999, Increase in external glutamate and NMDA receptor activation contribute to H2O2-induced neuronal apoptosis, J. Neurochem., 73, 1181, 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1999.0731181.x
Maisels, 1981, Neonatal jaundice, 473
Majewski, 1998, Protein kinase C: a physiological mediator of enhanced transmitter output, Prog. Neurobiol., 55, 463, 10.1016/S0301-0082(98)00017-3
Maki, 1994, The glutamate uptake inhibitor l-trans-pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylate depresses excitatory synaptic transmission via a presynaptic mechanism in cultured hippocampal neurons, J. Neurosci., 14, 6754, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.14-11-06754.1994
Malandro, 1996, Molecular biology of mammalian amino acid transporters, Annu. Rev. Biochem., 65, 305, 10.1146/annurev.bi.65.070196.001513
Manfras, 1994, Cloning and characterization of a glutamate transporter cDNA from human brain and pancreas, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1195, 185, 10.1016/0005-2736(94)90026-4
Mangano, R.M., Schwarcz, R., 1981a. The human platelet as a model for the glutamatergic neuron: platelet uptake of L-glutamate. J. Neurochem. 36, 1067–1076.
Mangano, R.M., Schwarcz, R., 1981b. Platelet glutamate and aspartate uptake in Huntington's disease. J. Neurochem. 37, 1072–1074.
Manzoni, 1997, Arachidonic acid inhibits 3H-glutamate uptake with different potencies in rodent central nervous system regions expressing different transporter subtypes, Pharmacol. Res., 35, 149, 10.1006/phrs.1997.0129
Marie, 1999, C-terminal interactions modulate the affinity of GLAST glutamate transporters in salamander retinal glial cells, J. Physiol. (Lond.), 520, 393, 10.1111/j.1469-7793.1999.00393.x
Marie, H., Billups, D., Bedford, F., Attwell, D., Moss, S., 2000. Characterization of the interaction between the LIM protein Ajuba and the glial glutamate transporter GLT-1, in COS cells and bipolar cells in slices of rat retina. J. Physiol. 525, 61P.
Marin, 2000, Sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter type 1 is an auxiliary receptor for baboon endogenous retrovirus, J. Virol., 74, 8085, 10.1128/JVI.74.17.8085-8093.2000
Markesbery, 1999, Oxidative alterations in Alzheimer's disease, Brain Pathol., 9, 133, 10.1111/j.1750-3639.1999.tb00215.x
Martin, 1997, Hypoxia–ischemia causes abnormalities in glutamate transporters and death of astroglia and neurons in newborn striatum, Ann. Neurol., 42, 335, 10.1002/ana.410420310
Martinez-Hernandez, 1977, Glutamine synthetase: glial localization in brain, Science, 195, 1356, 10.1126/science.14400
Martinez-López, 1998, The l-glutamate transporters GLAST (EAAT1) and GLT-1 (EAAT2): expression and regulation in rat lactating mammary gland, Mol. Membr. Biol., 15, 237, 10.3109/09687689709044326
Marvizón, 1981, l-Aspartate transport into plasma membrane vesicles derived from rat brain synaptosomes, J. Neurochem., 37, 1401, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1981.tb06308.x
Masliah, 1996, Deficient glutamate transport is associated with neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease, Ann. Neurol., 40, 759, 10.1002/ana.410400512
Masliah, 1998, Amyloid protein precursor stimulates excitatory amino acid transport — implications for roles in neuroprotection and pathogenesis, J. Biol. Chem., 273, 12548, 10.1074/jbc.273.20.12548
Masliah, 2000, Abnormal glutamate transport function in mutant amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice, Exp. Neurol., 163, 381, 10.1006/exnr.2000.7386
Mason, 1997, Mechanically regulated expression of a neural glutamate transporter in bone: a role for excitatory amino acids as osteotropic agents?, Bone, 20, 199, 10.1016/S8756-3282(96)00386-9
Massie, A., Vandesande, F., Arckens, L., 2001. Expression of the high-affinity glutamate transporter EAAT4 in mammalian cerebral cortex. Neuroreport 12, 393–397.
Masson, 1999, Neurotransmitter transporters in the central nervous system, Pharmacol. Rev., 51, 439
Mastroberardino, 1998, Amino-acid transport by heterodimers of 4F2hc/CD98 and members of a permease family, Nature, 395, 288, 10.1038/26246
Mathern, 1999, Hippocampal GABA and glutamate transporter immunoreactivity in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, Neurology, 52, 453, 10.1212/WNL.52.3.453
Matsumoto, 1999, Identification of truncated human glutamate transporter, Tohoku J. Exp. Med., 187, 173, 10.1620/tjem.187.173
Matsushita, 2000, Real-time monitoring of glutamate following fluid percussion brain injury with hypoxia in the rat, J. Neurotrauma, 17, 143, 10.1089/neu.2000.17.143
Matthews, 1998, Activity and protein localization of multiple glutamate transporters in gestation day 14 vs. day 20 rat placenta, Am. J. Physiol., 274, C603, 10.1152/ajpcell.1998.274.3.C603
Mattson, 1997, Mother's legacy: mitochondrial DNA mutations and Alzheimer's disease, Trends Neurosci., 20, 373
Mattson, 1999, Secreted form of amyloid precursor protein enhances basal glucose and glutamate transport and protects against oxidative impairment of glucose and glutamate transport in synaptosomes by a cyclic GMP-mediated mechanism, J. Neurochem., 73, 532, 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1999.0730532.x
Matyja, 1993, Ultrastructural evidence that mercuric chloride lowers the threshold for glutamate neurotoxicity in an organotypic culture of rat cerebellum, Neurosci. Lett., 158, 155, 10.1016/0304-3940(93)90252-G
Mawatari, 1996, Reactive oxygen species involved in the glutamate toxicity of C6 glioma cells via x(c)over-bar antiporter system, Neuroscience, 73, 201, 10.1016/0306-4522(96)00025-5
Mayat, 1995, Immunoprecipitation, immunoblotting, and immunocytochemistry studies suggest that glutamate receptor delta subunits form novel postsynaptic receptor complexes, J. Neurosci., 15, 2533, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.15-03-02533.1995
Maycox, 1988, Glutamate uptake by brain synaptic vesicles, J. Biol. Chem., 263, 15423, 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)37605-7
Mayer, 1987, The physiology of excitatory amino acids in the vertebrate central nervous system, Prog. Neurobiol., 28, 197, 10.1016/0301-0082(87)90011-6
McBain, 1990, Regional variation of extracellular space in the hippocampus, Science, 249, 674, 10.1126/science.2382142
McBean, 1985, Neurotoxicity of l-glutamate and dl-threo-3-hydroxyaspartate in the rat striatum, J. Neurochem., 44, 247, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1985.tb07137.x
McDonald, 1990, Physiological and pathophysiological roles of excitatory amino acids during central nervous system development, Brain Res. Rev., 15, 41, 10.1016/0165-0173(90)90011-C
McDonald, 1998, Oligodendrocytes from forebrain are highly vulnerable to AMPA/kainate receptor-mediated excitotoxicity, Nat. Med., 4, 291, 10.1038/nm0398-291
McDonald, 1998, Role of glutamate receptor-mediated excitotoxicity in bilirubin-induced brain injury in the Gunn rat model, Exp. Neurol., 150, 21, 10.1006/exnr.1997.6762
McGeer, 1987, Sodium-dependent glutamate binding in senile dementia, Neurobiol. Aging, 8, 219, 10.1016/0197-4580(87)90005-4
McGeer, 1977, A glutamatergic corticostriatal path?, Brain Res., 128, 369, 10.1016/0006-8993(77)91003-4
McIntire, 1997, Identification and characterization of the vesicular GABA transporter, Nature, 389, 870, 10.1038/39908
McIntosh, 1993, Novel pharmacologic therapies in the treatment of experimental traumatic brain injury — a review, J. Neurotrauma, 10, 215, 10.1089/neu.1993.10.215
McIntosh, 1998, Novel pharmacologic strategies in the treatment of experimental traumatic brain injury: 1998, J. Neurotrauma, 15, 731, 10.1089/neu.1998.15.731
McKenna, 1996, Exogenous glutamate concentration regulates the metabolic fate of glutamate in astrocytes, J. Neurochem., 66, 386, 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1996.66010386.x
McKenna, 2000, Differential distribution of the enzymes glutamate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase in cortical synaptic mitochondria contributes to metabolic compartmentation in cortical synaptic terminals, Neurochem. Int., 37, 229, 10.1016/S0197-0186(00)00042-5
McLennan, 1976, The autoradiographic localization of l-[3H]glutamate in rat brain tissue, Brain Res., 115, 139, 10.1016/0006-8993(76)90828-3
McMahon, 1989, Glutamate release from guinea-pig synaptosomes — stimulation by reuptake-induced depolarization, J. Neurochem., 53, 71, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1989.tb07296.x
Meaney, 1998, Glutamate transport in cultures from developing avian cerebellum: presence of GLT-1 immunoreactivity in Purkinje neurons, J. Neurosci. Res., 54, 595, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4547(19981201)54:5<595::AID-JNR4>3.0.CO;2-Q
Meister, 1993, Glutamate transporter mRNA and glutamate-like immunoreactivity in spinal motoneurones, Neuroreport, 5, 337, 10.1097/00001756-199312000-00040
Meldrum, 1993, Amino acids as dietary excitotoxins — a contribution to understanding neurodegenerative disorders, Brain Res. Rev., 18, 293, 10.1016/0165-0173(93)90014-Q
Meldrum, 1994, The role of glutamate in epilepsy and other CNS disorders, Neurology, 44, S14
Meldrum, 1990, Excitatory amino acid neurotoxicity and neurodegenerative disease, Trends Pharmacol. Sci., 11, 379, 10.1016/0165-6147(90)90184-A
Melikian, 1999, Membrane trafficking regulates the activity of the human dopamine transporter, J. Neurosci., 19, 7699, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.19-18-07699.1999
Mena, 1985, Cations differentially affect subpopulations of l-glutamate receptors in rat synaptic plasma membranes, Brain Res., 329, 319, 10.1016/0006-8993(85)90542-6
Mennerick, 1994, Glial contributions to excitatory neurotransmission in cultured hippocampal cells, Nature, 368, 59, 10.1038/368059a0
Mennerick, 1995, Presynaptic influence on the time course of fast excitatory synaptic currents in cultured hippocampal cells, J. Neurosci., 15, 3178, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.15-04-03178.1995
Mennerick, 1998, Measurement of glial transport currents in microcultures: application to excitatory neurotransmission, Methods Enzymol., 296, 632, 10.1016/S0076-6879(98)96045-1
Mennerick, 1996, Components of glial responses to exogenous and synaptic glutamate in rat hippocampal microcultures, J. Neurosci., 16, 55, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.16-01-00055.1996
Mennerick, 1998, Neuronal expression of the glutamate transporter GLT-1 in hippocampal microcultures, J. Neurosci., 18, 4490, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.18-12-04490.1998
Mennerick, 1999, Substrate turnover by transporters curtails synaptic glutamate transients, J. Neurosci., 19, 9242, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.19-21-09242.1999
Meyer, 1995, Studies of the coding region of the neuronal glutamate transporter gene in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Ann. Neurol., 37, 817, 10.1002/ana.410370618
Meyer, 1997, Genomic organization of the human excitatory amino acid transporter gene GLT-1, Neuroreport, 8, 775, 10.1097/00001756-199702100-00039
Meyer, 1998, Alternative splicing of the glutamate transporter EAAT2 (GLT-1), Neurosci. Lett., 241, 68, 10.1016/S0304-3940(97)00973-7
Meyer, 1998, The EAAT2 (GLT-1) gene in motor neuron disease: absence of mutations in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and a point mutation in patients with hereditary spastic paraplegia, J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, 65, 594, 10.1136/jnnp.65.4.594
Meyer, 1998, Splicing of the glutamate transporter EAAT2: a candidate gene of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, 65, 954, 10.1136/jnnp.65.6.954
Meyer, 1999, The RNA of the glutamate transporter EAAT2 is variably spliced in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and normal individuals, J. Neurol. Sci., 170, 45, 10.1016/S0022-510X(99)00196-3
Michel, 1999, Neuropharmacologic aspects of apoptosis: significance for neurodegenerative diseases, Clin. Neuropharmacol., 22, 137
Miller, 1997, Alterations in glutamate transporter protein levels in kindling-induced epilepsy, J. Neurochem., 68, 1564, 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1997.68041564.x
Miller, 1993, Induction of astrocyte glutamine synthetase activity by the Lathyrus toxin beta-N-oxalyl-l-alfa,beta-diaminoproprionic acid (beta-l-ODAP), Glia, 7, 329, 10.1002/glia.440070408
Milton, 1997, Expression of the glial glutamate transporter EAAT2 in the human CNS: an immunohistochemical study, Mol. Brain Res., 52, 17, 10.1016/S0169-328X(97)00233-7
Min, 1998, Activation of AMPA, kainate, and metabotropic receptors at hippocampal mossy fiber synapses: role of glutamate diffusion, Neuron, 21, 561, 10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80566-8
Minakami, 1995, The expression of two splice variants of metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 in the rat brain and neuronal cells during development, J. Neurochem., 65, 1536, 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1995.65041536.x
Minn, 1977, Kinetic study of glutamate transport in rat brain mitochondria, J. Neurochem., 29, 873, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1977.tb10731.x
Mitchell, 2000, Glutamate spillover suppresses inhibition by activating presynaptic mGluRs, Nature, 404, 498, 10.1038/35006649
Mitrovic, 1998, Identification of functional domains of the human glutamate transporters EAAT1 and EAAT2, J. Biol. Chem., 273, 14698, 10.1074/jbc.273.24.14698
Mitrovic, 1999, Influence of the oestrous cycle on l-glutamate and l-aspartate transport in rat brain synaptosomes, Neurochem. Int., 34, 101, 10.1016/S0197-0186(98)00066-7
Miura, 1992, Cystine uptake and glutathione level in endothelial cells exposed to oxidative stress, Am. J. Physiol., 262, C50, 10.1152/ajpcell.1992.262.1.C50
Miyazaki, 1997, Increase of glutamate uptake in astrocytes: a possible mechanism of action of volatile anesthetics, Anesthesiology, 86, 1359, 10.1097/00000542-199706000-00018
Moe, 1995, Placental amino acid transport, Am. J. Physiol., 37, C1321, 10.1152/ajpcell.1995.268.6.C1321
Moe, 1989, Anionic amino acid uptake by microvillous membrane vesicles from human placenta, Am. J. Physiol., 257, C1005, 10.1152/ajpcell.1989.257.5.C1005
Moghaddam, 1993, Stress preferentially increases extraneuronal levels of excitatory amino acids in the prefrontal cortex: comparison to hippocampus and basal ganglia, J. Neurochem., 60, 1650, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1993.tb13387.x
Moghaddam, 1994, Glucocorticoids mediate the stress-induced extracellular accumulation of glutamate, Brain Res., 655, 251, 10.1016/0006-8993(94)91622-5
Molnár, 1995, Identification of functional ionotropic glutamate receptor proteins in pancreatic beta-cells and in islets of Langerhans, FEBS Lett., 371, 253, 10.1016/0014-5793(95)00890-L
Monaghan, 1989, The excitatory amino acid receptors: their classes, pharmacology, and distinct properties in the function of the central nervous system, Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 29, 365, 10.1146/annurev.pa.29.040189.002053
Mori, 1995, Structure and function of the NMDA receptor channel, Neuropharmacology, 34, 1219, 10.1016/0028-3908(95)00109-J
Morikawa, 1998, Attenuation of focal ischemic brain injury in mice deficient in the epsilon 1 (NR2a) subunit of NMDA receptor, J. Neurosci., 18, 9727, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.18-23-09727.1998
Moriyama, 1995, Microvesicles isolated from bovine pineal gland specifically accumulate l-glutamate, FEBS Lett., 367, 233, 10.1016/0014-5793(95)00559-R
Moriyama, 1990, Energy coupling of l-glutamate transport and vacuolar H+-ATPase in brain synaptic vesicles, J. Biochem. (Tokyo), 108, 689, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a123264
Moriyama, 2000, Synaptic-like microvesicles, synaptic vesicle counterparts in endocrine cells, are involved in a novel regulatory mechanism for the synthesis and secretion of hormones, J. Exp. Biol., 203, 117, 10.1242/jeb.203.1.117
Morley, 2000, Pharmacological and molecular characterization of glutamate receptors in the MIN6 pancreatic beta-cell line, Neurol. Res., 22, 379, 10.1080/01616412.2000.11740687
Morrison, 1999, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis associated with mutations in superoxide dismutase: a putative mechanism of degeneration, Brain Res. Rev., 29, 121, 10.1016/S0165-0173(98)00049-6
Mort, D., Marcaggi, P., Grant, J., Attwell, D., 2001. The effect of ammonia on glutamate transport in glial cells isolated from the salamander retina. J. Neurophysiol., in press.
Mugnaini, 1997, The unipolar brush cells of the mammalian cerebellum and cochlear nucleus: cytology and microcircuitry, Prog. Brain Res., 114, 131, 10.1016/S0079-6123(08)63362-2
Mukainaka, 1995, Molecular cloning of two glutamate transporter subtypes from mouse brain, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1244, 233, 10.1016/0304-4165(95)00062-G
Mullaney, 1993, Stimulation of d-aspartate efflux by mercuric chloride from rat primary astrocyte cultures, Dev. Brain Res., 75, 261, 10.1016/0165-3806(93)90030-E
Muller, 1998, Free radicals and glutamate uptake in the retina, Gen. Pharmacol., 30, 315, 10.1016/S0306-3623(97)00362-5
Münch, 1998, 5′-heterogeneity of the human excitatory amino acid transporter cDNA EAAT2 (GLT-1), Neuroreport, 9, 1295, 10.1097/00001756-199805110-00007
Munir, 2000, Substrate-induced up-regulation of Na+-dependent glutamate transport activity, Neurochem. Int., 37, 147, 10.1016/S0197-0186(00)00018-8
Munoz, 1987, Effects of dihydrokainic acid on extracellular amino acids and neuronal excitability in the in vivo rat hippocampus, Neuropharmacology, 26, 1, 10.1016/0028-3908(87)90037-2
Murakami, 1999, Parkinsonism–dementia complex on Guam — overview of clinical aspects, J. Neurol., 246, 16, 10.1007/BF03161077
Murphy, 1989, Glutamate toxicity in a neuronal cell line involves inhibition of cystine transport leading to oxidative stress, Neuron, 2, 1547, 10.1016/0896-6273(89)90043-3
Murphy, 1990, Immature cortical neurons are uniquely sensitive to glutamate toxicity by inhibition of cystine uptake, FASEB J., 4, 1624, 10.1096/fasebj.4.6.2180770
Musshoff, U., Schünke, U., Köhling, R., Speckmann, E.J., 2000. Alternative splicing of the NMDAR1 glutamate receptor subunit in human temporal lobe epilepsy. Molecular Brain Research 76, 377–384.
Myhrer, 1998, Adverse psychological impact, glutamatergic dysfunction, and risk factors for Alzheimer's disease, Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev., 23, 131, 10.1016/S0149-7634(98)00039-6
Nagai, 1998, Identification of alternative splicing forms of GLT-1 mRNA in the spinal cord of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients, Neurosci. Lett., 244, 165, 10.1016/S0304-3940(98)00158-X
Nagai, 1998, Uptake and release of neurotransmitter candidates, [3H]serotonin, [3H]glutamate, and [3H]gamma-aminobutyric acid, in taste buds of the mudpuppy, Necturus maculosus, J. Comp. Neurol., 392, 199, 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19980309)392:2<199::AID-CNE4>3.0.CO;2-Y
Nagao, 1997, EAAT4, a glutamate transporter with properties of a chloride channel, is predominantly localized in Purkinje cell dendrites, and forms parasagittal compartments in rat cerebellum, Neuroscience, 78, 929
Nagaraja, 1996, Mercuric chloride uncouples glutamate uptake from the countertransport of hydroxyl equivalents, Am. J. Physiol., 40, C1487, 10.1152/ajpcell.1996.271.5.C1487
Naito, 1983, Adenosine triphosphate-dependent uptake of glutamate into protein I-associated synaptic vesicles, J. Biol. Chem., 258, 696, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)33100-4
Naito, 1985, Characterization of glutamate uptake into synaptic vesicles, J. Neurochem., 44, 99, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1985.tb07118.x
Nakamura, 1993, (2s,3s,4r)-2-(carboxycyclopropyl)glycine, a potent and competitive inhibitor of both glial and neuronal uptake of glutamate, Neuropharmacology, 32, 833, 10.1016/0028-3908(93)90137-R
Nakamura, 1993, Glial plasmalemmal vesicles: a subcellular fraction from rat hippocampal homogenate distinct from synaptosomes, Glia, 9, 48, 10.1002/glia.440090107
Nakanishi, 1998, Glutamate receptors: brain function and signal transduction, Brain Res. Rev., 26, 230, 10.1016/S0165-0173(97)00033-7
Nakayama, 1996, Expression of three glutamate transporter subtype mRNAs in human brain regions and peripheral tissues, Mol. Brain Res., 36, 189, 10.1016/0169-328X(95)00297-6
Neilson, 1994, Longitudinal analysis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mortality in Norway, 1966–1989 — evidence for a susceptible subpopulation, J. Neurol. Sci., 122, 148, 10.1016/0022-510X(94)90292-5
Nelson, 1998, The family of Na+/Cl− neurotransmitter transporters, J. Neurochem., 71, 1785, 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.71051785.x
Nevo, 1995, Neurotransmitter and neuromodulatory mechanisms involved in alcohol abuse and alcoholism, Neurochem. Int., 26, 305, 10.1016/0197-0186(94)00139-L
Newcomb, 1997, Increased production of extracellular glutamate by the mitochondrial glutaminase following neuronal death, J. Biol. Chem., 272, 11276, 10.1074/jbc.272.17.11276
Ni, 1994, Cloning and expression of a cDNA encoding a brain-specific Na+-dependent inorganic phosphate cotransporter, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 91, 5607, 10.1073/pnas.91.12.5607
Ni, 1995, Regional expression and cellular localization of the Na+-dependent inorganic phosphate cotransporter of rat brain, J. Neurosci., 15, 5789, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.15-08-05789.1995
Nicholls, 1993, The glutamatergic nerve terminal, Eur. J. Biochem., 212, 613, 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1993.tb17700.x
Nicholls, D.G., 1997. Protein kinase C and synaptic transmission. In: Parker, P.J., Dekker, L.V. (Eds.), Protein Kinase C. R.G. Landes Company, pp. 167–178.
Nicholls, 1990, The release and uptake of excitatory amino acids, Trends Pharmacol. Sci., 11, 462, 10.1016/0165-6147(90)90129-V
Nicholls, 1998, Mitochondria and neuronal glutamate excitotoxicity, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1366, 97, 10.1016/S0005-2728(98)00123-6
Nicholson, 1996, Induction of high affinity glutamate transport activity by amino acid deprivation is dependent on cellular glutamate concentrations in renal epithelial cells does not involve an increase in the amount of transporter protein, Biochem. Soc. Trans., 24, S481, 10.1042/bst024481s
Nicholson, 1998, Extracellular space structure revealed by diffusion analysis, Trends Neurosci., 21, 207, 10.1016/S0166-2236(98)01261-2
Nicol, 1994, Comparison of the uptake of [3H]glutamate into rat cerebrocortical and cerebellar synaptosomes. Effects of anaesthetic agents, Biochem. Soc. Trans., 22, S410, 10.1042/bst022410s
Nicol, 1995, Glutamate uptake is not a major target site for anaesthetic agents, Br. J. Anaesth., 75, 61, 10.1093/bja/75.1.61
Nieoullon, 1983, Presynaptic dopaminergic control of high affinity glutamate uptake in the striatum, Neurosci. Lett., 43, 191, 10.1016/0304-3940(83)90186-6
Nijjar, 1992, A procedure for large-scale purification of domoic acid from toxic blue mussels (Mytilus-edulis), Mol. Cell. Biochem., 115, 213, 10.1007/BF00230333
Nilsson, 1990, Changes in cortical extracellular levels of energy-related metabolites and amino acids following concussive brain injury in rats, J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab., 10, 631, 10.1038/jcbfm.1990.115
Nissen, 1992, Purification and characterization of an astrocyte GABA-carrier inducing protein (GABA-CIP) released from cerebellar granule cells in culture, Glia, 6, 236, 10.1002/glia.440060311
Norenberg, 1997, The glial glutamate transporter in hyperammonemia and hepatic encephalopathy: relation to energy metabolism and glutamatergic neurotransmission, Glia, 21, 124, 10.1002/(SICI)1098-1136(199709)21:1<124::AID-GLIA14>3.0.CO;2-U
Northington, 1998, Regional and cellular expression of glial (GLT1) and neuronal (EAAC1) glutamate transporter proteins in ovine fetal brain, Neuroscience, 85, 1183, 10.1016/S0306-4522(97)00673-8
Northington, 1999, GLT1, glial glutamate transporter, is transiently expressed in neurons and develops astrocyte specificity only after midgestation in the ovine fetal brain, J. Neurobiol., 39, 515, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4695(19990615)39:4<515::AID-NEU5>3.0.CO;2-U
Notter, 1986, Differential sensitivity of neural cells to bilirubin toxicity, Exp. Neurol., 94, 670, 10.1016/0014-4886(86)90246-3
Novelli, 1988, Glutamate becomes neurotoxic via the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor when intracellular energy levels are reduced, Brain Res., 451, 205, 10.1016/0006-8993(88)90765-2
Núnez, 2000, Differential effects of ethanol on glycine uptake mediated by the recombinant GLYT1 and GLYT2 glycine transporters, Br. J. Pharmacol., 129, 802, 10.1038/sj.bjp.0703100
Nusser, 1998, Cell type and pathway dependence of synaptic AMPA receptor number and variability in the hippocampus, Neuron, 21, 545, 10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80565-6
O'Callaghan, 1985, Cerebellar hypoplasia in the Gunn rat is associated with changes in neurotypic and gliotypic proteins, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 234, 522
O'Kusky, 1989, Methylmercury-induced movement and postural disorders in developing rat — high-affinity uptake of choline, glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid in the cerebral cortex and caudate putamen, J. Neurochem., 53, 999, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1989.tb07386.x
Obrenovitch, 1995, Extracellular neurotransmitter changes in cerebral ischaemia, Cerebrovasc. Brain Metab. Rev., 7, 1
Obrenovitch, 1997, Altered glutamatergic transmission in neurological disorders: from high extracellular glutamate to excessive synaptic efficacy, Prog. Neurobiol., 51, 39, 10.1016/S0301-0082(96)00049-4
Obrenovitch, 1997, Is high extracellular glutamate the key to excitotoxicity in traumatic brain injury?, J. Neurotrauma, 14, 677, 10.1089/neu.1997.14.677
Ogawa, 1998, Lysine and glutamate transport in the erythrocytes of common brushtail possum, tammar wallaby and eastern grey kangaroo, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Mol. Integr. Physiol., 119, 951, 10.1016/S1095-6433(98)00009-9
Ogita, 1986, Characterization of Na+-dependent binding sites of [3H]glutamate in synaptic membranes from rat brain, Brain Res., 397, 137, 10.1016/0006-8993(86)91377-6
Ohfune, 1993, l-2-(carboxycyclopropyl)glycines — conformationally constrained l-glutamate analogues, 261
Ohfune, 1993, Synthesis of l-2-(2,3-dicarboxycyclopropyl)glycines — novel conformationally restricted glutamate analogues, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 3, 15, 10.1016/S0960-894X(00)80083-9
Ohnuma, 1998, Expression of the human excitatory amino acid transporter 2 and metabotropic glutamate receptors 3 and 5 in the prefrontal cortex from normal individuals and patients with schizophrenia, Mol. Brain Res., 56, 207, 10.1016/S0169-328X(98)00063-1
Ohtsuka, 1988, Oxidative stresses induced the cystine transport activity in human erythrocytes, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 155, 160, 10.1016/S0006-291X(88)81063-5
Oka, 1993, Vulnerability of oligodendroglia to glutamate — pharmacology, mechanisms, and prevention, J. Neurosci., 13, 1441, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.13-04-01441.1993
Okabe, 1999, Alternative splicing of the C-terminal domain regulates cell surface expression of the NMDA receptor NR1 subunit, J. Neurosci., 19, 7781, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.19-18-07781.1999
Olney, 1969, Brain lesions, obesity, and other disturbances in mice treated with monosodium glutamate, Science, 164, 719, 10.1126/science.164.3880.719
Olney, 1989, Excitatory amino acids and neuropsychiatric disorders, Biol. Psychiatry, 26, 505, 10.1016/0006-3223(89)90072-3
Olney, 1990, Excitotoxic amino acids and neuropsychiatric disorders, Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 30, 47, 10.1146/annurev.pa.30.040190.000403
Olney, 1970, Brain damage in infant mice following oral intake of glutamate, aspartate or cysteine, Nature, 227, 609, 10.1038/227609b0
Ono, 1992, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis — increased solubility of skin collagen, Neurology, 42, 1535, 10.1212/WNL.42.8.1535
Ono, 1998, Collagen abnormalities in the spinal cord from patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, J. Neurol. Sci., 160, 140, 10.1016/S0022-510X(98)00223-8
Otis, 1998, Anion currents and predicted glutamate flux through a neuronal glutamate transporter, J. Neurosci., 18, 7099, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.18-18-07099.1998
Otis, 2000, Isolation of current components and partial reaction cycles in the glial glutamate transporter EAAT2, J. Neurosci., 20, 2749, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.20-08-02749.2000
Otis, 1996, Delayed clearance of transmitter and the role of glutamate transporters at synapses with multiple release sites, J. Neurosci., 16, 1634, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.16-05-01634.1996
Otis, 1997, Postsynaptic glutamate transport at the climbing fiber Purkinje cell synapse, Science, 277, 1515, 10.1126/science.277.5331.1515
Otori, 1994, Marked increase in glutamate–aspartate transporter (GLAST/glut-1) mRNA following transient retinal ischemia, Mol. Brain Res., 27, 310, 10.1016/0169-328X(94)90014-0
Ottersen, 1989, Postembedding immunogold labelling of fixed glutamate: an electron microscopic analysis of the relationship between gold particle density and antigen concentration, J. Chem. Neuroanat., 2, 57
Ottersen, 1989, Quantitative electron microscopic immunocytochemistry of neuroactive amino acids, Anat. Embryol., 180, 1, 10.1007/BF00321895
Ottersen, O.P., Storm-Mathisen, J., 1984. Neurons containing or accumulating transmitter amino acids. In: Björklund, A., Hökfelt, T., Kuhar, M.J. (Eds.), Handbook of Chemical Neuroanatomy. In: Classical Transmitters and Transmitter Receptors in the CNS, Vol. 3, Part II. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 141–246.
Ottersen, 1987, Localization of amino acid neurotransmitters by immunocytochemistry, Trends Neurosci., 10, 250, 10.1016/0166-2236(87)90168-8
Ottersen, 1992, Metabolic compartmentation of glutamate and glutamine: morphological evidence obtained by quantitative immunocytochemistry in rat cerebellum, Neuroscience, 46, 519, 10.1016/0306-4522(92)90141-N
Ottersen, 1996, Ischemic disruption of glutamate homeostasis in brain: quantitative immunocytochemical analysis, J. Chem. Neuroanat., 12, 1, 10.1016/S0891-0618(96)00178-0
Ottersen, 1998, Molecular organization of a type of peripheral glutamate synapse: the afferent synapses of hair cells in the inner ear, Prog. Neurobiol., 54, 127, 10.1016/S0301-0082(97)00054-3
Overstreet, 1999, Glutamate transporters contribute to the time course of synaptic transmission in cerebellar granule cells, J. Neurosci., 19, 9663, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.19-21-09663.1999
Oyanagi, 1999, Neuropathology of parkinsonism–dementia complex and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis of Guam: an update, J. Neurol., 246, 19, 10.1007/BF03161078
Ozawa, 1998, Glutamate receptors in the mammalian central nervous system, Prog. Neurobiol., 54, 581, 10.1016/S0301-0082(97)00085-3
Õzkan, 1998, Glutamate transport and storage in synaptic vesicles, Jpn. J. Pharmacol., 77, 1, 10.1254/jjp.77.1
Pajor, 1996, Molecular cloning and functional expression of a sodium-dicarboxylate cotransporter from human kidney, Am. J. Physiol., 270, F642
Palay, 1974
Palmer, 1993, Traumatic brain injury-induced excitotoxicity assessed in a controlled cortical impact model, J. Neurochem., 61, 2015, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1993.tb07437.x
Palmer, 1994, Increased transmitter amino acid concentration in human ventricular CSF after brain trauma, Neuroreport, 6, 153, 10.1097/00001756-199412300-00039
Palmer, 1999, Rasmussen's encephalitis with concomitant cortical dysplasia: the role of GluR3, Epilepsia, 40, 242, 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1999.tb02082.x
Palos, 1996, Rat C6 and human astrocytic tumor cells express a neuronal type of glutamate transporter, Mol. Brain Res., 37, 297, 10.1016/0169-328X(95)00331-L
Palos, 1999, Wnt signaling induces GLT-1 expression in rat C6 glioma cells, J. Neurochem., 73, 1012, 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1999.0731012.x
Pappas, 1998, HIV decreases glutamate transport in SK-n-MC neuroblastoma cells, J. Neurovirol., 4, 69, 10.3109/13550289809113483
Paquet, 2000, Presynaptic NMDA receptor subunit immunoreactivity in GABAergic terminals in rat brain, J. Comp. Neurol., 423, 330, 10.1002/1096-9861(20000724)423:2<330::AID-CNE10>3.0.CO;2-9
Parpura-Gill, 1997, The inhibitory effects of beta-amyloid on glutamate and glucose uptakes by cultured astrocytes, Brain Res., 754, 65, 10.1016/S0006-8993(97)00043-7
Parsons, 1983, Quantitative autoradiography of sodium-dependent [3H]d-aspartate binding sites in rat brain, Neurosci. Lett., 36, 9, 10.1016/0304-3940(83)90477-9
Paschen, 1997, Developmental changes of RNA editing of glutamate receptor subunits GluR5 and GluR6: In vivo versus in vitro, Dev. Brain Res., 98, 271, 10.1016/S0165-3806(96)00193-9
Patneau, 1990, Structure–activity relationships for amino acid transmitter candidates acting at N-methyl-d-aspartate and quisqualate receptors, J. Neurosci., 10, 2385, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.10-07-02385.1990
Pearce, 1987, Glutamate acting on NMDA receptors stimulates neurite outgrowth from cerebellar granule cells, FEBS Lett., 233, 143, 10.1016/0014-5793(87)80525-2
Pedersen, 1998, Protein modification by the lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynonenal in the spinal cords of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients, Ann. Neurol., 44, 819, 10.1002/ana.410440518
Pedersen, 1999, The lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynonenal impairs glutamate and glucose transport and choline acetyltransferase activity in NSC-19 motor neuron cells, Exp. Neurol., 155, 1, 10.1006/exnr.1998.6890
Peghini, 1997, Glutamate transporter EAAC-1-deficient mice develop dicarboxylic aminoaciduria and behavioral abnormalities but no neurodegeneration, EMBO J., 16, 3822, 10.1093/emboj/16.13.3822
Pellerin, 1994, Glutamate uptake into astrocytes stimulates aerobic glycolysis: a mechanism coupling neuronal activity to glucose utilization, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 91, 10625, 10.1073/pnas.91.22.10625
Pellerin, 1997, Glutamate uptake stimulates Na+,K+-ATPase activity in astrocytes via activation of a distinct subunit highly sensitive to ouabain, J. Neurochem., 69, 2132, 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1997.69052132.x
Perego, 1999, PDZ-mediated interactions retain the epithelial GABA transporter on the basolateral surface of polarized epithelial cells, EMBO J., 18, 2384, 10.1093/emboj/18.9.2384
Perego, 2000, The GLT-1 and GLAST glutamate transporters are expressed on morphologically distinct astrocytes and regulated by neuronal activity in primary hippocampal cocultures, J. Neurochem., 75, 1076, 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2000.0751076.x
Pereira, 1997, Glutamate toxicity on a PC12 cell line involves glutathione (GSH) depletion and oxidative stress, Free Radic. Biol. Med., 23, 637, 10.1016/S0891-5849(97)00020-8
Perl, 1990, An outbreak of toxic encephalopathy caused by eating mussels contaminated with domoic acid, N. Engl. J. Med., 322, 1775, 10.1056/NEJM199006213222504
Perry, 1990, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis — amino acid levels in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid, Ann. Neurol., 28, 12, 10.1002/ana.410280105
Pessin, 1999, Molecular basis of insulin-stimulated GLUT4 vesicle trafficking — location! location! location!, J. Biol. Chem., 274, 2593, 10.1074/jbc.274.5.2593
Petralia, 1992, Light and electron immunocytochemical localization of AMPA-selective glutamate receptors in the rat brain, J. Comp. Neurol., 318, 329, 10.1002/cne.903180309
Petralia, 1999, Immunocytochemistry of NMDA receptors, NMDA Receptor Protocols, 128, 73, 10.1385/1-59259-683-5:73
Petralia, 1999, Cellular and subcellular distribution of glutamate receptors, 143
Phillis, 2000, Transporter reversal as a mechanism of glutamate release from the ischemic rat cerebral cortex: studies with dl-threo-beta-benzyloxyaspartate, Brain Res., 868, 105, 10.1016/S0006-8993(00)02303-9
Piani, 1994, Involvement of the cystine transport system x(c)(−) macrophage-induced glutamate-dependent cytotoxicity to neurons, J. Immunol., 152, 3578, 10.4049/jimmunol.152.7.3578
Piani, 1993, Glutamate uptake by astrocytes is inhibited by reactive oxygen intermediates but not by other macrophage-derived molecules including cytokines, leukotrienes or platelet-activating factor, J. Neuroimmunol., 48, 99, 10.1016/0165-5728(93)90063-5
Pin, 1984, The Ca2+/Cl−-dependent l-[3H]glutamate binding: a new receptor or a particular transport process?, FEBS Lett., 175, 31, 10.1016/0014-5793(84)80563-3
Pines, 1990, Counterflow of l-glutamate in plasma membrane vesicles and reconstituted preparations from rat brain, Biochemistry, 29, 11209, 10.1021/bi00503a008
Pines, 1992, Cloning and expression of a rat brain l-glutamate transporter, Nature, 360, 464, 10.1038/360464a0
Pines, 1995, Glutamate 404 is involved in the substrate discrimination of GLT-1, a (Na++K+)-coupled glutamate transporter from rat brain, J. Biol. Chem., 270, 17093, 10.1074/jbc.270.29.17093
Pioro, 1999, H-1-MRS evidence of neurodegeneration and excess glutamate plus glutamine in ALS medulla, Neurology, 53, 71, 10.1212/WNL.53.1.71
Pisano, 1996, Activation of the adenylate cyclase-dependent protein kinase pathway increases high affinity glutamate uptake into rat striatal synaptosomes, Neuropharmacology, 35, 541, 10.1016/0028-3908(96)84624-7
Plachez, 2000, Transient expression of the glial glutamate transporters GLAST and GLT in hippocampal neurons in primary culture, J. Neurosci. Res., 59, 587, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4547(20000301)59:5<587::AID-JNR1>3.0.CO;2-L
Plaitakis, 1987, Abnormal glutamate metabolism in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Ann. Neurol., 22, 575, 10.1002/ana.410220503
Plakidou-Dymock, 1993, Regulation of the glutamate transporter by amino acid deprivation and associated effects on the level of EAAC1 messenger RNA in the renal epithelial cell line NBL-1, Biochem. J., 295, 749, 10.1042/bj2950749
Pogun, 1994, Regulation of neurotransmitter reuptake by nitric oxide, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 738, 305, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb21816.x
Pollard, 2000, The rat hepatoma cell line H4-II-E-C3 expresses high activities of the high-affinity glutamate transporter GLT-1A, FEBS Lett., 484, 74, 10.1016/S0014-5793(00)02114-1
Potashner, 1988, d-Aspartate uptake and release in the guinea pig spinal cord after partial ablation of the cerebral cortex, J. Neurochem., 50, 103, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1988.tb13236.x
Povlock, 1997, The structure and function of norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin transporters, 1
Pow, 1999, Changing patterns of spatial buffering of glutamate in developing rat retinae are mediated by the Muller cell glutamate transporter GLAST, Cell Tissue Res., 297, 57, 10.1007/s004410051333
Prather, 1993, Aspartate and glutamate transport in unfertilized pig oocytes and blastocysts, Mol. Reprod. Dev., 36, 49, 10.1002/mrd.1080360108
Procter, 1988, Evidence of glutamatergic denervation and possible abnormal metabolism in Alzheimer's disease, J. Neurochem., 50, 790, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1988.tb02983.x
Qian, 1997, Protein kinase C activation regulates human serotonin transporters in HEK-293 cells via altered cell surface expression, J. Neurosci., 17, 45, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.17-01-00045.1997
Qu, 2000, Effects of thiopental on transport and metabolism of glutamate in cultured cerebellar granule neurons, Neurochem. Int., 37, 207, 10.1016/S0197-0186(00)00024-3
Quick, 1997, Second messengers, trafficking-related proteins, and amino acid residues that contribute to the functional regulation of the rat brain GABA transporter GAT1, J. Neurosci., 17, 2967, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.17-09-02967.1997
Quinlan, 1999, Rapid, experience-dependent expression of synaptic NMDA receptors in visual cortex in vivo, Nat. Neurosci., 2, 352, 10.1038/7263
Rabacchi, 1992, Involvement of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor in synapse elimination during cerebellar development, Science, 256, 1823, 10.1126/science.1352066
Radian, 1985, Reconstitution and purification of the sodium- and chloride-coupled gamma-aminobutyric acid transporter from rat brain, J. Biol. Chem., 260, 11859, 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)39110-X
Radian, 1986, Purification and identification of the functional sodium- and chloride-coupled gamma-aminobutyric acid transport glycoprotein from rat brain, J. Biol. Chem., 261, 15437, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)66730-4
Radice, 1996, Cloning and characterization of cDNAs encoding putative glutamate transporters from Caenorhabditis elegans and Onchocerca volvulus, Mol. Biochem. Parasitol., 80, 41, 10.1016/0166-6851(96)02667-9
Raff, 1983, A glial progenitor cell that develops in vitro into an astrocyte or an oligodendrocyte depending on culture medium, Nature, 303, 390, 10.1038/303390a0
Rajan, 1998, Glutamate receptor activity is required for normal development of tectal cells dendrites in vivo, J. Neurosci., 18, 7836, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.18-19-07836.1998
Rakic, 1971, Guidance of neurons migrating to the fetal monkey neocortex, Brain Res., 33, 471, 10.1016/0006-8993(71)90119-3
Ramachandran, 1993, Differential expression of transporters for norepinephrine and glutamate in wild type, variant, and WNT1-expressing PC12 cells, J. Biol. Chem., 268, 23891, 10.1016/S0021-9258(20)80469-4
Ramamoorthy, 1998, Phosphorylation and regulation of antidepressant-sensitive serotonin transporters, J. Biol. Chem., 273, 2458, 10.1074/jbc.273.4.2458
Rao, 1997, Activity regulates the synaptic localization of the NMDA receptor in hippocampal neurons, Neuron, 19, 801, 10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80962-9
Rao, 1998, Traumatic brain injury down-regulates glial glutamate transporter (GLT-1 and GLAST) proteins in rat brain, J. Neurochem., 70, 2020, 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.70052020.x
Rao, 2000, Glial glutamate transporter GLT-1 down-regulation precedes delayed neuronal death in gerbil hippocampus following transient global cerebral ischemia, Neurochem. Int., 36, 531, 10.1016/S0197-0186(99)00153-9
Rauen, 1994, Localization of the glutamate transporter GLT-1 in rat and macaque monkey retinae, Neurosci. Lett., 169, 137, 10.1016/0304-3940(94)90375-1
Rauen, 2000, Diversity of glutamate transporter expression and function in the mammalian retina, Amino Acids, 19, 53, 10.1007/s007260070033
Rauen, 2000, Fine tuning of glutamate uptake and degradation in glial cells: common transcriptional regulation of GLAST1 and GS, Neurochem. Int., 37, 179, 10.1016/S0197-0186(00)00021-8
Rauen, 1992, Comparative analysis of sodium-dependent l-glutamate transport of synaptosomal and astroglial membrane vesicles from mouse cortex, FEBS Lett., 312, 15, 10.1016/0014-5793(92)81401-7
Rauen, 1996, Differential expression of three glutamate transporter subtypes in the rat retina, Cell Tissue Res., 286, 325, 10.1007/s004410050702
Rauen, 1998, High-affinity glutamate transporters in the rat retina: a major role of the glial glutamate transporter GLAST-1 in transmitter clearance, Cell Tissue Res., 291, 19, 10.1007/s004410050976
Rauen, 1999, Glia–neuron interaction by high-affinity glutamate transporters in neurotransmission, Adv. Exp. Med. Biol., 468, 81, 10.1007/978-1-4615-4685-6_7
Rea, 1997, Moving GLUT4: the biogenesis and trafficking of GLUT4 storage vesicles, Diabetes, 46, 1667, 10.2337/diabetes.46.11.1667
Reimer, 1998, Vesicular neurotransmitter transport and the presynaptic regulation of quantal size, Curr. Opin. Neurobiol., 8, 405, 10.1016/S0959-4388(98)80068-8
Reimer, 2000, Amino acid transport system A resembles system N in sequence, but differs in mechanism, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 97, 7715, 10.1073/pnas.140152797
Reis, 2000, Inhibition of glutamate uptake by Tx3-4 is dependent on the redox state of cysteine residues, Neuroreport, 11, 2191, 10.1097/00001756-200007140-00025
Revest, 1988, Glutamate transport in large muscle fibres of balanus nubilus, J. Neurochem., 50, 94, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1988.tb13235.x
Reynolds, 1995, Glutamate induces the production of reactive oxygen species in cultured forebrain neurons following NMDA receptor activation, J. Neurosci., 15, 3318, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.15-05-03318.1995
Rhoads, 1983, Modulation of membrane transport by free fatty acids: inhibition of synaptosomal sodium-dependent amino acid uptake, Biochemistry, 22, 1965, 10.1021/bi00277a035
Rimaniol, 2000, Na+-dependent high-affinity glutamate transport in macrophages, J. Immunol., 164, 5430, 10.4049/jimmunol.164.10.5430
Ripps, 1995, Transgenic mice expressing an altered murine superoxide dismutase gene provide an animal model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 92, 689, 10.1073/pnas.92.3.689
Riveros, 1986, Glutamate in rat brain cortex synaptic vesicles: influence of the vesicle isolation procedure, Brain Res., 386, 405, 10.1016/0006-8993(86)90181-2
Robberecht, 2000, Oxidative stress in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, J. Neurol., 247, 1, 10.1007/s004150050551
Roberts, 1974, Glutamate receptors in the rat central nervous system, Nature, 252, 399, 10.1038/252399a0
Roberts, 1975, Structural requirements for the inhibition for l-glutamate uptake by glia and nerve endings, Brain Res., 85, 120, 10.1016/0006-8993(75)91016-1
Roberts, 1981
Robinson, 1998, Examination of glutamate transporter heterogeneity using synaptosomal preparations, Methods Enzymol., 296, 189, 10.1016/S0076-6879(98)96015-3
Robinson, 1997, Heterogeneity and functional properties of subtypes of sodium-dependent glutamate transporters in the mammalian central nervous system, Adv. Pharmacol., 37, 69, 10.1016/S1054-3589(08)60948-5
Robinson, 1991, Pharmacologically distinct sodium-dependent l-[3H]glutamate transport processes in rat brain, Brain Res., 544, 196, 10.1016/0006-8993(91)90054-Y
Robinson, 1993, Subtypes of sodium-dependent high-affinity l-[3H]glutamate transport activity — pharmacologic specificity and regulation by sodium and potassium, J. Neurochem., 60, 167, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1993.tb05835.x
Roche, 1999, Homer 1b regulates the trafficking of group I metabotropic glutamate receptors, J. Biol. Chem., 274, 25953, 10.1074/jbc.274.36.25953
Roettger, 1996, Mechanism of glutamate release from rat hippocampal slices during in vitro ischemia, Neuroscience, 75, 677, 10.1016/0306-4522(96)00314-4
Rogers, 1994, Autoantibodies to glutamate receptor GluR3 in Rasmussen's encephalitis, Science, 265, 648, 10.1126/science.8036512
Romano, 1996, Enhanced early developmental expression of the metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR5 in rat brain: protein, mRNA splice variants, and regional distribution, J. Comp. Neurol., 367, 403, 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19960408)367:3<403::AID-CNE6>3.0.CO;2-9
Rose, 1996, Mechanisms of H+ and Na+ changes induced by glutamate, kainate, and d-aspartate in rat hippocampal astrocytes, J. Neurosci., 16, 5393, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.16-17-05393.1996
Rosen, 1993, Mutations in Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase gene are associated with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Nature, 362, 59, 10.1038/362059a0
Rosenberg, 1992, Glutamate uptake disguises neurotoxic potency of glutamate agonists in cerebral cortex in dissociated cell culture, J. Neurosci., 12, 56, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.12-01-00056.1992
Rosenmund, 1996, Definition of the readily releasable pool of vesicles at hippocampal synapses, Neuron, 16, 1197, 10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80146-4
Rosenmund, 1998, The tetrameric structure of a glutamate receptor channel, Science, 280, 1596, 10.1126/science.280.5369.1596
Roskoski, 1979, Net uptake of aspartate by high-affinity rat cortical synaptosomal transport system, Brain Res., 160, 85, 10.1016/0006-8993(79)90602-4
Roskoski, 1981, Glutamate, aspartate and gammaaminobutyrate transport by membrane vesicles prepared from rat brain, Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 207, 407, 10.1016/0003-9861(81)90048-5
Ross, 1989, Beta-N-oxalylamino-l-alanine action on glutamate receptors, J. Neurochem., 53, 710, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1989.tb11762.x
Rossetti, 1999, Glutamate-induced increase of extracellular glutamate through N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors in ethanol withdrawal, Neuroscience, 93, 1135, 10.1016/S0306-4522(99)00250-X
Rossetto, 2001, Tetanus and botulinum neurotoxins: turning bad guys into good by research, Toxicon, 39, 27, 10.1016/S0041-0101(00)00163-X
Rossi, 1993, The developmental onset of NMDA receptor-channel activity during neuronal migration, Neuropharmacology, 32, 1239, 10.1016/0028-3908(93)90018-X
Rossi, 1995, Properties of transmission at a giant glutamatergic synapse in cerebellum: the mossy fiber-unipolar brush cell synapse, J. Neurophysiol., 74, 24, 10.1152/jn.1995.74.1.24
Rossi, 2000, Glutamate release in severe brain ischaemia is mainly by reversed uptake, Nature, 403, 316, 10.1038/35002090
Rothman, 1986, Glutamate and the pathophysiology of hypoxic-ischemic brain damage, Ann. Neurol., 19, 105, 10.1002/ana.410190202
Rothstein, 1990, Abnormal excitatory amino acid metabolism in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Ann. Neurol., 28, 18, 10.1002/ana.410280106
Rothstein, 1992, Decreased glutamate transport by the brain and spinal cord in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, N. Engl. J. Med., 326, 1464, 10.1056/NEJM199205283262204
Rothstein, 1994, Localization of neuronal and glial glutamate transporters, Neuron, 13, 713, 10.1016/0896-6273(94)90038-8
Rothstein, 1995, Selective loss of glial glutamate transporter GLT-1 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Ann. Neurol., 38, 73, 10.1002/ana.410380114
Roux, 2000, Neuronal and glial glycine transporters have different stoichiometries, Neuron, 25, 373, 10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80901-0
Roy, 1998, Glutamate potentiates the toxicity of mutant Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase in motor neurons by postsynaptic calcium-dependent mechanisms, J. Neurosci., 18, 9673, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.18-23-09673.1998
Rubin, 1999, The cell biology of the blood–brain barrier, Annu. Rev. Neurosci., 22, 11, 10.1146/annurev.neuro.22.1.11
Rusakov, 1998, Extrasynaptic glutamate diffusion in the hippocampus: ultrastructural constraints, uptake, and receptor activation, J. Neurosci., 18, 3158, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.18-09-03158.1998
Rusakov, 1998, Synapses in hippocampus occupy only 1–2% of cell membranes and are spaced less than half-micron apart: a quantitative ultrastructural analysis with discussion of physiological implications, Neuropharmacology, 37, 513, 10.1016/S0028-3908(98)00023-9
Rusakov, 1999, Hippocampal synapses: do they talk to their neighbours?, Trends Neurosci., 22, 382, 10.1016/S0166-2236(99)01425-3
Ryo, 1993, Expression of the metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR1-alpha and the ionotropic glutamate receptor GluR1 in the brain during the postnatal development of normal mouse and in the cerebellum from mutant mice, J. Neurosci. Res., 36, 19, 10.1002/jnr.490360104
Sacktor, 1981, Sodium gradient- and sodium plus potassium gradient-dependent l-glutamate uptake in renal basolateral membrane vesicles, J. Membr. Biol., 60, 63, 10.1007/BF01870833
Sagné, 1996, SDS-resistant aggregation of membrane proteins: application to the purification of the vesicular monoamine transporter, Biochem. J., 316, 825, 10.1042/bj3160825
Sagné, 1997, Cloning of a functional vesicular GABA and glycine transporter by screening of genome databases, FEBS Lett., 417, 177, 10.1016/S0014-5793(97)01279-9
Saier, 1999, Eukaryotic transmembrane solute transport systems, Int. Rev. Cytol., 190, 61, 10.1016/S0074-7696(08)62146-4
Samson, 1992, Neurobiology of alcohol abuse, Trends Pharmacol. Sci., 13, 206, 10.1016/0165-6147(92)90065-E
Samuel, 1996, Involvement of the glutamatergic metabotropic receptors in the regulation of glutamate uptake and extracellular excitatory amino acid levels in the striatum of chloral hydrate-anesthetized rats, Brain Res., 739, 156, 10.1016/S0006-8993(96)00820-7
Sánchez-Prieto, 1988, Occurrence of a large Ca2+-independent release of glutamate during anoxia in isolated nerve terminals (synaptosomes), J. Neurochem., 50, 1322, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1988.tb10611.x
Sánchez-Prieto, 1996, Presynaptic receptors and the control of glutamate exocytosis, Trends Neurosci., 19, 235, 10.1016/0166-2236(96)10031-X
Sandberg, 1986, Extracellular overflow of neuroactive amino acids during severe insulin-induced hypoglycemia: in vivo dialysis of the rat hippocampus, J. Neurochem., 47, 178, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb02847.x
Sarantis, 1990, Glutamate uptake in mammalian retinal glia is voltage-dependent and potassium-dependent, Brain Res., 516, 322, 10.1016/0006-8993(90)90935-5
Sarantis, 1988, A presynaptic action of glutamate at the cone output synapse, Nature, 332, 451, 10.1038/332451a0
Sarantis, 1993, Glutamate uptake from the synaptic cleft does not shape the decay of the non-NMDA component of the synaptic current, Neuron, 11, 541, 10.1016/0896-6273(93)90158-N
Sardar, 1999, Deficits of NMDA receptors and glutamate uptake sites in the frontal cortex in AIDS, Neuroreport, 10, 3513, 10.1097/00001756-199911260-00009
Sasaki, 2000, Excitatory amino acid transporter 1 and 2 immunoreactivity in the spinal cord in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Acta Neuropathol. (Berl.), 100, 138, 10.1007/s004019900159
Satin, 1998, Neurotransmitters and their receptors in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas — what messages do acetylcholine, glutamate, and GABA transmit, Endocrine, 8, 213, 10.1385/ENDO:8:3:213
Sato, 1995, Induction of cystine transport activity in mouse peritoneal macrophages by bacterial lipopolysaccharide, Biochem. J., 310, 547, 10.1042/bj3100547
Sato, 1999, Cloning and expression of a plasma membrane cystine/glutamate exchange transporter composed of two distinct proteins, J. Biol. Chem., 274, 11455, 10.1074/jbc.274.17.11455
Sato, 1995, Modulation of a recombinant glycine transporter (GLYT1b) by activation of protein kinase C, J. Neurochem., 65, 1967, 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1995.65051967.x
Sato, 1995, The recombinant GABA transporter GAT1 is downregulated upon activation of protein kinase C, FEBS Lett., 375, 99, 10.1016/0014-5793(95)01191-G
Sato, 2000, Inherited defects of sodium-dependent glutamate transport mediated by glutamate/aspartate transporter in canine red cells due to a decreased level of transporter protein expression, J. Biol. Chem., 275, 6620, 10.1074/jbc.275.9.6620
Savitz, 1998, Apoptosis in neurological disease, Neurosurgery, 42, 555, 10.1097/00006123-199803000-00026
Savolainen, 1995, Amplification of glutamate-induced oxidative stress, Toxicol. Lett., 82-83, 399, 10.1016/0378-4274(95)03490-0
Scanziani, 1997, Use-dependent increases in glutamate concentration activate presynaptic metabotropic glutamate receptors, Nature, 385, 630, 10.1038/385630a0
Schikorski, 1997, Quantitative ultrastructural analysis of hippocampal excitatory synapses, J. Neurosci., 17, 5858, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.17-15-05858.1997
Schinder, 1996, Mitochondrial dysfunction is a primary event in glutamate neurotoxicity, J. Neurosci., 16, 6125, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.16-19-06125.1996
Schlag, 1998, Regulation of the glial Na+-dependent glutamate transporters by cyclic AMP analogs and neurons, Mol. Pharmacol., 53, 355, 10.1124/mol.53.3.355
Schmidt, 1988, High-affinity uptake of l-[3H]glutamate and d-[3H]aspartate during postnatal development of the hippocampal formation: a quantitative autoradiographic study, Exp. Brain Res., 70, 50, 10.1007/BF00271846
Schmitt, 1996, Expression of the glutamate transporter GLT1 in neural cells of the rat central nervous system: non-radioactive in situ hybridization and comparative immunocytochemistry, Neuroscience, 71, 989, 10.1016/0306-4522(95)00477-7
Schmitt, 1997, Cellular and regional distribution of the glutamate transporter GLAST in the CNS of rats: nonradioactive in situ hybridization and comparative immunocytochemistry, J. Neurosci., 17, 1, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.17-01-00001.1997
Schmorl, 1904, Zur kenntnis des ikterus neonatorum, Verh. Dtsch. Pathol. Ges., 6, 109
Schneider, 1980, Sodium gradient-dependent l-glutamate transport in renal brush border membrane vesicles, J. Biol. Chem., 255, 7650, 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)43879-9
Schneider, 1979, Transfer of glutamic acid across the human placenta perfused in vitro, Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol., 86, 299, 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1979.tb11260.x
Schneider, 1998, Chronic neuroleptic treatment alters expression of glial glutamate transporter GLT-1 mRNA in the striatum, Neuroreport, 9, 133, 10.1097/00001756-199801050-00026
Schoepfer, 1994, Molecular biology of glutamate receptors, Prog. Neurobiol., 42, 353, 10.1016/0301-0082(94)90076-0
Schoepp, 1999, Pharmacological agents acting at subtypes of metabotropic glutamate receptors, Neuropharmacology, 38, 1431, 10.1016/S0028-3908(99)00092-1
Schousboe, 1981, Transport and metabolism of glutamate and GABA in neurons and glial cells, Int. Rev. Neurobiol., 22, 1, 10.1016/S0074-7742(08)60289-5
Schousboe, 1976, Postnatal alterations in effects of potassium on uptake and release of glutamate and GABA in rat brain cortex slices, J. Neurochem., 26, 1023, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1976.tb06487.x
Schuldiner, 1995, Vesicular neurotransmitter transporters: from bacteria to humans, Physiol. Rev., 75, 369, 10.1152/physrev.1995.75.2.369
Schulte, 1995, UDP galactose:ceramide galactosyltransferase and glutamate aspartate transporter-copurification, separation and characterization of the two glycoproteins, Eur. J. Biochem., 233, 947, 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1995.947_3.x
Schultz, 1996, Immunocytochemical localization of the high-affinity glutamate transporter, EAACl, in the retina of representative vertebrate species, Neurosci. Lett., 211, 191, 10.1016/0304-3940(96)12762-2
Scott, 1995, Variant forms of neuronal glutamate transporter sites in Alzheimer's disease cerebral cortex, J. Neurochem., 64, 2193, 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1995.64052193.x
Seal, 1998, A reentrant loop domain in the glutamate carrier EAAT1 participates in substrate binding and translocation, Neuron, 21, 1487, 10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80666-2
Seal, 1999, Excitatory amino acid transporters: a family in flux, Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 39, 431, 10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.39.1.431
Seal, 1998, Identification and characterization of a cDNA encoding a neuronal glutamate transporter from Drosophila melanogaster, Receptors Channels, 6, 51
Seal, 2000, A model for the topology of excitatory amino acid transporters determined by the extracellular accessibility of substituted cysteines, Neuron, 25, 695, 10.1016/S0896-6273(00)81071-5
Seljeseth, 2000, Increasing mortality from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Norway?, Neurology, 55, 1262, 10.1212/WNL.55.9.1262
Semyanov, 2000, Modulation of GABAergic signaling among interneurons by metabotropic glutamate receptors, Neuron, 25, 663, 10.1016/S0896-6273(00)81068-5
Shafqat, 1993, Cloning and expression of a novel Na+-dependent neutral amino acid transporter structurally related to mammalian Na+/glutamate cotransporters, J. Biol. Chem., 268, 15351, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)82263-3
Sharif, 1985, Multiple synaptic receptors for neuroactive amino acid transmitters — new vistas, Int. Rev. Neurobiol., 26, 85, 10.1016/S0074-7742(08)60073-2
Shashidharan, 1993, Cloning and characterization of a glutamate transporter cDNA from human cerebellum, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1216, 161, 10.1016/0167-4781(93)90057-K
Shashidharan, 1994, Molecular cloning of human brain glutamate/aspartate transporter II, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1191, 393, 10.1016/0005-2736(94)90192-9
Shashidharan, 1994, Neuron-specific human glutamate transporter: molecular cloning, characterization and expression in human brain, Brain Res., 662, 245, 10.1016/0006-8993(94)90819-2
Shashidharan, 1997, Immunohistochemical localization of the neuron-specific glutamate transporter EAAC1 (EAAT3) in rat brain and spinal cord revealed by a novel monoclonal antibody, Brain Res., 773, 139, 10.1016/S0006-8993(97)00921-9
Shaw, 1999, Calcium, glutamate, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: more evidence but no certainties, Ann. Neurol., 46, 803, 10.1002/1531-8249(199912)46:6<803::AID-ANA1>3.0.CO;2-3
Shaw, 1994, [3H]d-Aspartate binding sites in the normal human spinal cord and changes in motor neuron disease: a quantitative autoradiographic study, Brain Res., 655, 195, 10.1016/0006-8993(94)91614-4
Shaw, 1995, Oxidative damage to protein in sporadic motor neuron disease spinal cord, Ann. Neurol., 38, 691, 10.1002/ana.410380424
Shayakul, 1997, Localization of the high-affinity glutamate transporter EAAC1 in rat kidney, Am. J. Physiol., 273, F1023
Shelton, 1999, Mature hippocampal astrocytes exhibit functional metabotropic and ionotropic glutamate receptors in situ, Glia, 26, 1, 10.1002/(SICI)1098-1136(199903)26:1<1::AID-GLIA1>3.0.CO;2-Z
Sher, 1990, Increased glutamate uptake and glutamine synthetase activity in neuronal cell cultures surviving chronic hypoxia, Glia, 3, 350, 10.1002/glia.440030506
Shi, 1999, Rapid spine delivery and redistribution of AMPA receptors after synaptic NMDA receptor activation, Science, 284, 1811, 10.1126/science.284.5421.1811
Shibata, 1996, Dynamic changes in expression of glutamate transporter mRNAs in developing brain, Neuroreport, 7, 705, 10.1097/00001756-199602290-00006
Shibata, 1997, Glutamate transporter GLAST is expressed in the radial glia-astrocyte lineage of developing mouse spinal cord, J. Neurosci., 17, 9212, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.17-23-09212.1997
Shimada, 1991, Cloning and expression of a cocaine-sensitive dopamine transporter complementary DNA, Science, 254, 576, 10.1126/science.1948034
Shimamoto, 1991, Synthesis of four diastereomeric l-2-(carboxycyclopropyl)glycines. Conformationally constrained l-glutamate analogues, J. Org. Chem., 56, 4167, 10.1021/jo00013a018
Shimamoto, 1998, dl-threo-beta-benzyloxyaspartate, a potent blocker of excitatory amino acid transporters, Mol. Pharmacol., 53, 195, 10.1124/mol.53.2.195
Shimamoto, 2000, Syntheses of optically pure beta-hydroxyaspartate derivatives as glutamate transporter blockers, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 10, 2407, 10.1016/S0960-894X(00)00487-X
Shinozaki, 1986, Acromelic acid, a novel excitatory amino acid from a poisonous mushroom: effects on the crayfish neuromuscular junction, Brain Res., 399, 395, 10.1016/0006-8993(86)91535-0
Shinozaki, 1989, Potent NMDA-like actions and potentiation of glutamate responses by conformational variants of a glutamate analogue in the rat spinal cord, Br. J. Pharmacol., 98, 1213, 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1989.tb12667.x
Shupliakov, 1992, Immunogold quantification of glutamate in two types of excitatory synapse with different firing patterns, J. Neurosci., 12, 3789, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.12-10-03789.1992
Sibson, 1998, Stoichiometric coupling of brain glucose metabolism and glutamatergic neuronal activity, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 95, 316, 10.1073/pnas.95.1.316
Siddique, 1996, Genetics of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Hum. Mol. Genet., 5, 1465, 10.1093/hmg/5.Supplement_1.1465
Silberberg, 1967, The effects of unconjugated bilirubin and related pigments on cultures of rat cerebellum, J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol., 26, 572, 10.1097/00005072-196710000-00005
Silva, 1999, Inhibition of glutamate uptake by unconjugated bilirubin in cultured cortical rat astrocytes: role of concentration and pH, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 265, 67, 10.1006/bbrc.1999.1646
Simantov, 1999, Changes in expression of neuronal and glial glutamate transporters in rat hippocampus following kainate-induced seizure activity, Mol. Brain Res., 65, 112, 10.1016/S0169-328X(98)00349-0
Simon, 1984, Blockade of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors may protect against ischemic damage in the brain, Science, 226, 850, 10.1126/science.6093256
Simpson, 1993, Mitochondrial impairment reduces the threshold for in vivo NMDA-mediated neuronal death in the striatum, Exp. Neurol., 121, 57, 10.1006/exnr.1993.1071
Simpson, 1988, Regional changes in [3H]d-aspartate and [3H]TCP binding sites in Alzheimer's disease brains, Brain Res., 462, 76, 10.1016/0006-8993(88)90587-2
Simpson, 1998, Comparison of glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid uptake binding sites in frontal and temporal lobes in schizophrenia, Biol. Psychiatry, 44, 423, 10.1016/S0006-3223(98)00077-8
Sims, 1999, Expression patterns and regulation of glutamate transporters in the developing and adult nervous system, Crit. Rev. Neurobiol., 13, 169, 10.1615/CritRevNeurobiol.v13.i2.30
Sims, 2000, Platelet-derived growth factor rapidly increases activity and cell surface expression of the EAAC1 subtype of glutamate transporter through activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, J. Biol. Chem., 275, 5228, 10.1074/jbc.275.7.5228
Sips, 1982, Transport of l-aspartate and l-glutamate in plasma-membrane vesicles from rat liver, Eur. J. Biochem., 122, 259, 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1982.tb05875.x
Slater, 1992, Loss of excitatory amino acid transport sites after lesioning a glutamatergic pathway in rat brain, Neurosci. Res. Commun., 10, 135
Slotboom, 1996, Membrane topology of the C-terminal half of the neuronal, glial, and bacterial glutamate transporter family, J. Biol. Chem., 271, 31317, 10.1074/jbc.271.49.31317
Slotboom, 1999, A conserved serine-rich stretch in the glutamate transporter family forms a substrate-sensitive reentrant loop, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 96, 14282, 10.1073/pnas.96.25.14282
Slotboom, 1999, Structural features of the glutamate transporter family, Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev., 63, 293, 10.1128/MMBR.63.2.293-307.1999
Sluse, 1996, Mitochondrial metabolite carrier family, topology, structure and functional properties: an overview, Acta Biochim. Pol., 43, 349, 10.18388/abp.1996_4504
Slusher, 1999, Selective inhibition of NAALADase, which converts NAAG to glutamate, reduces ischemic brain injury, Nat. Med., 5, 1396, 10.1038/70971
Small, 1999, Biology of ischemic cerebral cell death, Prog. Cardiovasc. Dis., 42, 185, 10.1016/S0033-0620(99)70002-2
Smith, 1992, Effects of acromelic acid-A on the binding of [3H]-kainic acid and [3H]-AMPA to rat brain synaptic plasma membranes, Br. J. Pharmacol., 105, 83, 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1992.tb14214.x
Smith, 1994, Assignment of the gene coding for the human high-affinity glutamate transporter EAAC1 to 9p24-potential role in dicarboxylic aminoaciduria and neurodegenerative disorders — brief report, Genomics, 20, 335, 10.1006/geno.1994.1183
Smith, 1992, Cloning and expression of a glycine transporter reveal colocalization with NMDA receptors, Neuron, 8, 927, 10.1016/0896-6273(92)90207-T
Smith, 1995, Radical AGEing in Alzheimer's disease, Trends Neurosci., 18, 172, 10.1016/0166-2236(95)93897-7
Smith, 1992, Serum antibodies to l-type calcium channels in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, N. Engl. J. Med., 327, 1721, 10.1056/NEJM199212103272405
Smith, 1997, Regulation of glutamate uptake in astrocytes continuously exposed to ethanol, Life Sci., 61, 2499, 10.1016/S0024-3205(97)00985-5
Smith, 1999, Increased calcium calmodulin protein kinase activity in astrocytes chronically exposed to ethanol: influences on glutamate transport, Neurosci. Lett., 269, 145, 10.1016/S0304-3940(99)00438-3
Smith, 1996, Increased Na+-dependent high affinity uptake of glutamate in astrocytes chronically exposed to ethanol, Neurosci. Lett., 218, 142, 10.1016/S0304-3940(96)13123-2
Smothers, 1997, Chronic ethanol exposure leads to a selective enhancement of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor function in cultured hippocampal neurons, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 283, 1214
Sonders, 1996, Channels in transporters, Curr. Opin. Neurobiol., 6, 294, 10.1016/S0959-4388(96)80111-5
Sonders, 1997, Multiple ionic conductances of the human dopamine transporter: The actions of dopamine and psychostimulants, J. Neurosci., 17, 960, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.17-03-00960.1997
Sorg, 1997, Inhibition of astrocyte glutamate uptake by reactive oxygen species: role of antioxidant enzymes, Mol. Med., 3, 431, 10.1007/BF03401690
Spacek, 1985, Three-dimensional analysis of dendritic spines. III. Glial sheath, Anat. Embryol., 171, 245, 10.1007/BF00341419
Spencer, 1999, Food toxins, AMPA receptors, and motor neuron diseases, Drug. Metab. Rev., 31, 561, 10.1081/DMR-100101936
Spencer, 1986, Lathyrism: evidence for role of the neuroexcitatory aminoacid BOAA, Lancet, II, 1066, 10.1016/S0140-6736(86)90468-X
Spencer, 1987, Guam amyotrophic lateral sclerosis–parkinsonism–dementia linked to a plant excitant neurotoxin, Science, 237, 517, 10.1126/science.3603037
Springer, 1997, 4-Hydroxynonenal, a lipid peroxidation product, rapidly accumulates following traumatic spinal cord injury and inhibits glutamate uptake, J. Neurochem., 68, 2469, 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1997.68062469.x
Stallcup, 1979, Coupled transport of glutamate and sodium in a cerebellar nerve cell line, J. Neurochem., 32, 57, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1979.tb04509.x
Stanimirovic, 1997, Stimulation of glutamate uptake and Na, K-ATPase activity in rat astrocytes exposed to ischemia-like insults, Glia, 19, 123, 10.1002/(SICI)1098-1136(199702)19:2<123::AID-GLIA4>3.0.CO;2-1
Stanimirovic, 1999, Developmental regulation of glutamate transporters and glutamine synthetase activity in astrocyte cultures differentiated in vitro, Int. J. Dev. Neurosci., 17, 173, 10.1016/S0736-5748(99)00028-3
Staton, 1997, The dietary excitotoxins beta-n-methylamino-l-alanine and beta-N-oxalylamino-l-alanine induce necrotic- and apoptotic-like death of rat cerebellar granule cells, J. Neurochem., 69, 1508, 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1997.69041508.x
Steinhauser, 1996, News on glutamate receptors in glial cells, Trends Neurosci., 19, 339, 10.1016/0166-2236(96)10043-6
Stella, 1994, Glutamate-evoked release of arachidonic acid from mouse brain astrocytes, J. Neurosci., 14, 568, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.14-02-00568.1994
Stern-Bach, 1990, Identification and purification of a functional amine transporter from bovine chromaffin granules, J. Biol. Chem., 265, 3961, 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)39688-7
Stern, 1949, Accumulation of glutamic acid in isolated brain tissue, Biochem. J., 44, 410, 10.1042/bj0440410
Stevens, 1995, Estimates for the pool size of releasable quanta at a single central synapse and for the time required to refill the pool, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 92, 846, 10.1073/pnas.92.3.846
Stevens, 1998, Activity-dependent modulation of the rate at which synaptic vesicles become available to undergo exocytosis, Neuron, 21, 415, 10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80550-4
Stewart, 1990, Domoic acid — a dementia-inducing excitotoxic food poison with kainic acid receptor specificity, Exp. Neurol., 110, 127, 10.1016/0014-4886(90)90057-Y
Stoffel, 1997, The penumbra zone of a traumatic cortical lesion: a microdialysis study of excitatory amino acid release, Acta Neurochir. Suppl. (Wien), 70, 91
Stoffel, 1996, Human high affinity, Na+-dependent l-glutamate/L-aspartate transporter GLAST-1 (EAAT-1): gene structure and localization to chromosome 5p11-p12, FEBS Lett., 386, 189, 10.1016/0014-5793(96)00424-3
Stone, 1993, Guam: deadly disease dying out — a condition once thought to be an excellent model for diseases such as Alzheimer's and ALS may vanish before its causes can be fully understood, Science, 261, 424, 10.1126/science.8332906
Storck, 1992, Structure, expression, and functional analysis of a Na+-dependent glutamate/aspartate transporter from rat brain, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 89, 10955, 10.1073/pnas.89.22.10955
Storm-Mathisen, 1977, Glutamic acid and excitatory nerve endings: reduction of glutamic acid uptake after axotomy, Brain Res., 120, 379, 10.1016/0006-8993(77)90918-0
Storm-Mathisen, 1977, Localization of transmitter candidates in the brain: the hippocampal formation as a model, Prog. Neurobiol., 8, 119, 10.1016/0301-0082(77)90013-2
Storm-Mathisen, 1981, Autoradiographic and microchemical localization of high affinity glutamate uptake, 89
Storm-Mathisen, 1979, Uptake of [3H]glutamic acid in excitatory nerve endings: light and electronmicroscopic observations in the hippocampal formation of the rat, Neuroscience, 4, 1237, 10.1016/0306-4522(79)90154-4
Storm-Mathisen, 1990, Immunocytochemistry of glutamate at the synaptic level, J. Histochem. Cytochem., 38, 1733, 10.1177/38.12.1979340
Storm-Mathisen, 1981, In vivo high-affinity uptake and axonal transport of d-[2,3-3H]aspartate in excitatory neurons, Brain Res., 230, 427, 10.1016/0006-8993(81)90428-5
Storm-Mathisen, 1983, First visualization of glutamate and GABA in neurones by immunocytochemistry, Nature, 301, 517, 10.1038/301517a0
Storm-Mathisen, 1992, Electron microscopic localization of glutamate, glutamine and GABA at putative glutamatergic and GABA-ergic synapses, Mol. Neuropharmacol., 2, 7
Stout, 1998, Glutamate-induced neuron death requires mitochondrial calcium uptake, Nat. Neurosci., 1, 366, 10.1038/1577
Strange, 1996, Cellular and molecular physiology of volume-sensitive anion channels, Am. J. Physiol., 270, C711, 10.1152/ajpcell.1996.270.3.C711
Streit, 1980, Selective retrograde labeling indicating the transmitter of neuronal pathways, J. Comp. Neurol., 191, 429, 10.1002/cne.901910308
Suárez, 2000, Modulation of glutamate transporters (GLAST, GLT-1 and EAAC1) in the rat cerebellum following portocaval anastomosis, Brain Res., 859, 293, 10.1016/S0006-8993(00)01993-4
Südhof, 1995, The synaptic vesicle cycle: a cascade of protein–protein interactions, Nature, 375, 645, 10.1038/375645a0
Sugawara, 2000, Cloning of an amino acid transporter with functional characteristics and tissue expression pattern identical to that of system A, J. Biol. Chem., 275, 16473, 10.1074/jbc.C000205200
Sutherland, 1995, Molecular characterization of a high-affinity mouse glutamate transporter, Gene, 162, 271, 10.1016/0378-1119(95)00293-F
Sutherland, 1996, Glutamate transporter mRNA expression in proliferative zones of the developing and adult murine CNS, J. Neurosci., 16, 2191, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.16-07-02191.1996
Swanson, 1992, Astrocyte glutamate uptake during chemical hypoxia in vitro, Neurosci. Lett., 147, 143, 10.1016/0304-3940(92)90580-Z
Swanson, 1994, Glucose can fuel glutamate uptake in ischemic brain, J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab., 14, 1, 10.1038/jcbfm.1994.1
Swanson, 1997, Neuronal regulation of glutamate transporter subtype expression in astrocytes, J. Neurosci., 17, 932, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.17-03-00932.1997
Szatkowski, 1994, Triggering and execution of neuronal death in brain ischaemia: two phases of glutamate release by different mechanisms, Trends Neurosci., 17, 359, 10.1016/0166-2236(94)90040-X
Szatkowski, 1990, Non-vesicular release of glutamate from glial cells by reversed electrogenic glutamate uptake, Nature, 348, 443, 10.1038/348443a0
Szatkowski, 1991, The potassium-dependence of excitatory amino acid transport — resolution of a paradox, Brain Res., 555, 343, 10.1016/0006-8993(91)90363-Z
Szymocha, 2000, Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1-infected T lymphocytes impair catabolism and uptake of glutamate by astrocytes via tax-1 and tumor necrosis factor alpha, J. Virol., 74, 6433, 10.1128/JVI.74.14.6433-6441.2000
Tabb, 1992, Glutamate transport into synaptic vesicles — roles of membrane potential, pH gradient, and intravesicular pH, J. Biol. Chem., 267, 15412, 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)49549-5
Takagaki, 1976, Properties of the uptake and release of glutamic acid by synaptosomes from rat cerebral cortex, J. Neurochem., 27, 1417, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1976.tb02624.x
Takagaki, 1978, Sodium and potassium ions and accumulation of labelled d-aspartate and GABA in crude synaptosomal fraction from rat cerebral cortex, J. Neurochem., 30, 47, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1978.tb07033.x
Takagishi, 1987, The critical period of Purkinje cell degeneration and cerebellar hypoplasia due to bilirubin, Acta Neuropathol., 75, 41, 10.1007/BF00686791
Takahashi, 1995, Pre- and postsynaptic determinants of EPSC waveform at cerebellar climbing fiber and parallel fiber to Purkinje cell synapses, J. Neurosci., 15, 5693, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.15-08-05693.1995
Takahashi, 1996, Postsynaptic glutamate uptake in rat cerebellar Purkinje cells, J. Physiol. (Lond.), 497, 523, 10.1113/jphysiol.1996.sp021785
Takahashi, 1998, Glutamate uptake in Purkinje cells in rat cerebellar slices, Methods Enzymol., 296, 608, 10.1016/S0076-6879(98)96043-8
Takai, 1995, Localization of the gene (SLC1A3) encoding human glutamate transporter (GluT-1) to 5p13 by fluorescence in situ hybridization, Cytogenet. Cell Genet., 69, 209, 10.1159/000133965
Takamori, 2000, Identification of a vesicular glutamate transporter that defines a glutamatergic phenotype in neurons, Nature, 407, 189, 10.1038/35025070
Takigawa, 1998, d-Aspartate uptake into cultured rat pinealocytes and the concomitant effect on l-aspartate levels and melatonin secretion, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 248, 641, 10.1006/bbrc.1998.8971
Takuma, 1999, Reduction of GluR2 RNA editing, a molecular change that increases calcium influx through AMPA receptors, selective in the spinal ventral gray of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Ann. Neurol., 46, 806, 10.1002/1531-8249(199912)46:6<806::AID-ANA2>3.0.CO;2-S
Takumi, 1997, Discrete cellular and subcellular localization of glutamine synthetase and the glutamate transporter GLAST in the rat vestibular end organ, Neuroscience, 79, 1137, 10.1016/S0306-4522(97)00025-0
Takumi, 1998, Synaptic arrangement of glutamate receptors, Prog. Brain Res., 116, 105, 10.1016/S0079-6123(08)60433-1
Takumi, 1999, Different modes of expression of AMPA and NMDA receptors in hippocampal synapses, Nat. Neurosci., 2, 618, 10.1038/10172
Tamminga, 1998, Schizophrenia and glutamatergic transmission, Crit. Rev. Neurobiol., 12, 21, 10.1615/CritRevNeurobiol.v12.i1-2.20
Tan, 1999, Expression of the GLT-1 subtype of Na+-dependent glutamate transporter: pharmacological characterization and lack of regulation by protein kinase C, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 289, 1600
Tanaka, 1997, Extra-junctional localization of glutamate transporter EAAT4 at excitatory Purkinje cell synapses, Neuroreport, 8, 2461, 10.1097/00001756-199707280-00010
Tanaka, 1997, Epilepsy and exacerbation of brain injury in mice lacking the glutamate transporter GLT-1, Science, 276, 1699, 10.1126/science.276.5319.1699
Tanaka, 1993, Cloning and expression of a glutamate transporter from mouse brain, Neurosci. Lett., 159, 183, 10.1016/0304-3940(93)90829-A
Tanaka, 1993, Expression cloning of a rat glutamate transporter, Neurosci. Res., 16, 149, 10.1016/0168-0102(93)90082-2
Tang, 1989, Quisqualate activates a rapidly inactivating high conductance ionic channel in hippocampal neurons, Science, 243, 1474, 10.1126/science.2467378
Tarrant, 1995, Dithiothreitol promotes a higher affinity state of the serotonin transporter for the tricyclic antidepressant, imipramine, Biochem. Soc. Trans., 23, S41, 10.1042/bst023041s
Tavalin, 1997, Inhibition of the electrogenic Na pump underlies delayed depolarization of cortical neurons after mechanical injury or glutamate, J. Neurophysiol., 77, 632, 10.1152/jn.1997.77.2.632
Tavares, 2000, Quinolinic acid inhibits glutamate uptake into synaptic vesicles from rat brain, Neuroreport, 11, 249, 10.1097/00001756-200002070-00005
Taxt, 1984, Uptake of d-aspartate and l-glutamate in excitatory axon terminals in hippocampus: autoradiographic and biochemical comparison with gamma-aminobutyrate and other amino acids in normal rats and in rats with lesions, Neuroscience, 11, 79, 10.1016/0306-4522(84)90215-X
Taylor, 1995, Na+ channels as targets for neuroprotective drugs, Trends Pharmacol. Sci., 16, 309, 10.1016/S0165-6147(00)89060-4
Tchoumkeu-Nzouessa, 1996, Activation of protein kinase C down-regulates glial but not neuronal taurine uptake, Neurosci. Lett., 206, 61, 10.1016/0304-3940(96)12426-5
Tchoumkeu-Nzouessa, 1996, Characterization of taurine transport in human glioma GL15 cell line: regulation by protein kinase C, Neuropharmacology, 35, 37, 10.1016/0028-3908(95)00139-5
Teitelbaum, 1990, Neurologic sequelae of domoic acid intoxication due to the ingestion of contaminated mussels, N. Engl. J. Med., 322, 1781, 10.1056/NEJM199006213222505
Tessler, 1999, Expression of the glutamate transporters in human temporal lobe epilepsy, Neuroscience, 88, 1083, 10.1016/S0306-4522(98)00301-7
Thangnipon, 1983, The corticopontine projection: axotomy-induced loss of high affinity l-glutamate and d-aspartate uptake, but not of gamma-aminobutyrate uptake, glutamate decarboxylase or choline acetyltransferase, in the pontine nuclei, Neuroscience, 8, 449, 10.1016/0306-4522(83)90191-4
Thomas, 1997, MK-801 administration during ethanol withdrawal in neonatal rat pups attenuates ethanol-induced behavioral deficits, Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res., 21, 1218, 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1997.tb04441.x
Thompson, 1995, Apoptosis in the pathogenesis and treatment of disease, Science, 267, 1456, 10.1126/science.7878464
Thomsen, 1994, l-glutamate uptake inhibitors may stimulate phosphoinositide hydrolysis in baby hamster kidney cells expressing mGluR1a via heteroexchange with l-glutamate without direct activation of mGluR1a, J. Neurochem., 63, 2038, 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1994.63062038.x
Thorlin, 1998, Regulation of the glial glutamate transporter GLT-1 by glutamate and delta-opioid receptor stimulation, FEBS Lett., 425, 453, 10.1016/S0014-5793(98)00288-9
Tijssen, 1985, Laboratory techniques in biochemistry and molecular biology, 15
Tohgi, 1999, Remarkable increase in cerebrospinal fluid 3-nitrotyrosine in patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Ann. Neurol., 46, 129, 10.1002/1531-8249(199907)46:1<129::AID-ANA21>3.0.CO;2-Y
Tolner, 1992, Revised nucleotide sequence of the gltP gene, which encodes the proton-glutamate-aspartate transport protein of Escherichia coli K-12, J. Bacteriol., 174, 2391, 10.1128/jb.174.7.2391-2393.1992
Tolner, 1995, Cation-selectivity of the l-glutamate transporters of Escherichia coli, Bacillus stearothermophilus and Bacillus caldotenax: dependence on the environment in which the proteins are expressed, Mol. Microbiol., 18, 123, 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1995.mmi_18010123.x
Tong, 1994, Block of glutamate transporters potentiates postsynaptic excitation, Neuron, 13, 1195, 10.1016/0896-6273(94)90057-4
Torp, 1991, Cellular and subcellular redistribution of glutamate-, glutamine- and taurine-like immunoreactivities during forebrain ischemia: a semiquantitative electron microscopic study in rat hippocampus, Neuroscience, 41, 433, 10.1016/0306-4522(91)90339-P
Torp, 1993, Effect of ischemia and reperfusion on the extra- and intracellular distribution of glutamate, glutamine, aspartate and GABA in the rat hippocampus, with a note on the effect of the sodium channel blocker BW1003C87, Exp. Brain Res., 96, 365, 10.1007/BF00234106
Torp, 1994, Differential expression of two glial glutamate transporters in the rat brain: an in situ hybridization study, Eur. J. Neurosci., 6, 936, 10.1111/j.1460-9568.1994.tb00587.x
Torp, 1995, Reduced postischemic expression of a glial glutamate transporter, GLT1, in the rat hippocampus, Exp. Brain Res., 103, 51, 10.1007/BF00241964
Torp, 1997, Differential distribution of the glutamate transporters GLT1 and rEAAC1 in rat cerebral cortex and thalamus: an in situ hybridization analysis, Anat. Embryol., 195, 317, 10.1007/s004290050051
Torreilles, 1999, Neurodegenerative disorders: the role of peroxynitrite, Brain Res. Rev., 30, 153, 10.1016/S0165-0173(99)00014-4
Torrents, 1998, Identification and characterization of a membrane protein (y+L amino acid transporter-1) that associates with 4F2hc to encode the amino acid transport activity y+L. A candidate gene for lysinuric protein intolerance, J. Biol. Chem., 273, 32437, 10.1074/jbc.273.49.32437
Towbin, 1979, Electrophoretic transfer of proteins from polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose sheets: Procedure and some applications, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 76, 4350, 10.1073/pnas.76.9.4350
Tran, T.X., Day, J.A., Eskin, T.A., Carney, P.R., Maria, B.L., 2000. Rasmussen's syndrome — Aetiology, clinical features and treatment options. CNS Drugs 14, 343–354.
Traynelis, 1990, Proton inhibition of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors in cerebellar neurons, Nature, 345, 347, 10.1038/345347a0
Trotti, 1995, Arachidonic acid inhibits a purified and reconstituted glutamate transporter directly from the water phase and not via the phospholipid membrane, J. Biol. Chem., 270, 9890, 10.1074/jbc.270.17.9890
Trotti, 1996, Peroxynitrite inhibits glutamate transporter subtypes, J. Biol. Chem., 271, 5976, 10.1074/jbc.271.11.5976
Trotti, 1997, Differential modulation of the uptake currents by redox interconversion of cysteine residues in the human neuronal glutamate transporter EAAC1, Eur. J. Neurosci., 9, 2207, 10.1111/j.1460-9568.1997.tb01388.x
Trotti, 1997, Neuronal and glial glutamate transporters possess an SH-based redox regulatory mechanism, Eur. J. Neurosci., 9, 1236, 10.1111/j.1460-9568.1997.tb01478.x
Trotti, 1998, Glutamate transporters are oxidant-vulnerable: a molecular link between oxidative and excitotoxic neurodegeneration?, Trends Pharmacol. Sci., 19, 328, 10.1016/S0165-6147(98)01230-9
Trotti, 1999, SOD1 mutants linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis selectively inactivate a glial glutamate transporter, Nat. Neurosci., 2, 427, 10.1038/8091
Trotti, 2000, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-linked glutamate transporter mutant has impaired glutamate clearance capacity, J. Biol. Chem., 276, 576, 10.1074/jbc.M003779200
Trussell, 1989, Glutamate receptor desensitization and its role in synaptic transmission, Neuron, 3, 209, 10.1016/0896-6273(89)90034-2
Trussell, 1993, Desensitization of AMPA receptors upon multiquantal neurotransmitter release, Neuron, 10, 1185, 10.1016/0896-6273(93)90066-Z
Turecek, 2000, Control of synaptic depression by glutamate transporters, J. Neurosci., 20, 2054, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.20-05-02054.2000
Tzingounis, 1998, Arachidonic acid activates a proton current in the rat glutamate transporter EAAT4, J. Biol. Chem., 273, 17315, 10.1074/jbc.273.28.17315
Ueda, 2000, Hippocampal gamma-aminobutyric acid transporter alterations following focal epileptogenesis induced in rat amygdala, Brain Res. Bull., 52, 357, 10.1016/S0361-9230(00)00272-0
Ueda, 2000, Molecular regulation of glutamate and GABA transporter proteins by valproic acid in rat hippocampus during epileptogenesis, Exp. Brain Res., 133, 334, 10.1007/s002210000443
Ueda, 2000, Sequential changes in glutamate transporter protein levels during Fe3+-induced epileptogenesis, Epilepsy Res., 39, 201, 10.1016/S0920-1211(99)00122-9
Ullensvang, 1997, Differential developmental expression of the two rat brain glutamate transporter proteins GLAST and GLT, Eur. J. Neurosci., 9, 1646, 10.1111/j.1460-9568.1997.tb01522.x
Ure., J.A., Perassolo, M., 2000. Update on the pathophysiology of the epilepsies. J. Neurol. Sci. 177, 1–17.
Uren, 1996, Molecular and clinical aspects of apoptosis, Pharmacol. Ther., 72, 37, 10.1016/S0163-7258(96)00098-8
Uteshev, 1996, A mathematical description of miniature postsynaptic current generation at central nervous system synapses, Biophys. J., 71, 1256, 10.1016/S0006-3495(96)79325-6
Utsunomiya-Tate, 1996, Cloning and functional characterization of a system ASC-like Na+-dependent neutral amino acid transporter, J. Biol. Chem., 271, 14883, 10.1074/jbc.271.25.14883
Utsunomiya-Tate, 1997, Tissue specific variants of glutamate transporter GLT-1, FEBS Lett., 416, 312, 10.1016/S0014-5793(97)01232-5
Vallano, 1998, Developmental aspects of NMDA receptor function, Crit. Rev. Neurobiol., 12, 177, 10.1615/CritRevNeurobiol.v12.i3.20
Van den Berg, 1971, A simulation study of brain compartments — metabolism of glutamate and related substances in mouse brain, Biochem. J., 123, 211, 10.1042/bj1230211
Van den Pol, 1998, Glutamate inhibits GABA excitatory activity in developing neurons, J. Neurosci., 18, 10749, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.18-24-10749.1998
van Lookeren Campagne, 1991, Freeze-substitution and Lowicryl HM20 embedding of fixed rat brain: suitability for immunogold ultrastructural localization of neural antigens, J. Histochem. Cytochem., 39, 1267, 10.1177/39.9.1833448
Vandenberg, 1998, Molecular pharmacology and physiology of glutamate transporters in the central nervous system, Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol., 25, 393, 10.1111/j.1440-1681.1998.tb02221.x
Vandenberg, 1995, Constitutive ion fluxes and substrate binding domains of human glutamate transporters, J. Biol. Chem., 270, 17668, 10.1074/jbc.270.30.17668
Vandenberg, 1997, Contrasting modes of action of methylglutamate derivatives on the excitatory amino acid transporters, EAAT1 and EAAT2, Mol. Pharmacol., 51, 809, 10.1124/mol.51.5.809
Vandenberg, 1998, Molecular basis for differential inhibition of glutamate transporter subtypes by zinc ions, Mol. Pharmacol., 54, 189, 10.1124/mol.54.1.189
Vandenberg, 1998, Serine-O-sulphate transport by the human glutamate transporter, EAAT2, Br. J. Pharmacol., 123, 1593, 10.1038/sj.bjp.0701776
Varoqui, 1996, Active transport of acetylcholine by the human vesicular acetylcholine transporter, J. Biol. Chem., 271, 27229, 10.1074/jbc.271.44.27229
Varoqui, 1997, Vesicular neurotransmitter transporters. Potential sites for the regulation of synaptic function, Mol. Neurobiol., 15, 165, 10.1007/BF02740633
Varoqui, 1994, Cloning and expression of the vesamicol binding protein from the marine ray Torpedo. Homology with the putative vesicular acetylcholine transporter UNC-17 from Caenorhabditis elegans, FEBS Lett., 342, 97, 10.1016/0014-5793(94)80592-X
Varoqui, 2000, Cloning and functional identification of a neuronal glutamine transporter, J. Biol. Chem., 275, 4049, 10.1074/jbc.275.6.4049
Velaz-Faircloth, 1996, Characterization and distribution of the neuronal glutamate transporter EAAC1 in rat brain, Am. J. Physiol., 39, C67, 10.1152/ajpcell.1996.270.1.C67
Ventriglia, 2000, A Brownian simulation model of glutamate synaptic diffusion in the femtosecond time scale, Biol. Cybern., 83, 93, 10.1007/s004220000150
Ventura, 1999, Three-dimensional relationships between hippocampal synapses and astrocytes, J. Neurosci., 19, 6897, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.19-16-06897.1999
Verderio, 1999, Astrocytes are required for the oscillatory activity in cultured hippocampal neurons, Eur. J. Neurosci., 11, 2793, 10.1046/j.1460-9568.1999.00697.x
Vernadakis, 1996, Glia–neuron intercommunications and synaptic plasticity, Prog. Neurobiol., 49, 185, 10.1016/S0301-0082(96)00012-3
Vesce, 1997, HIV-1 gp120 glycoprotein affects the astrocyte control of extracellular glutamate by both inhibiting the uptake and stimulating the release of the amino acid, FEBS Lett., 411, 107, 10.1016/S0014-5793(97)00674-1
Villalobos, 1995, Glutamate increases cytosolic calcium in GH3 pituitary cells acting via a high-affinity glutamate transporter, FASEB J., 9, 815, 10.1096/fasebj.9.9.7601345
Vincent, 1980, A comparison of sodium-dependent glutamate binding with high affinity glutamate uptake in rat stratum, Brain Res., 184, 99, 10.1016/0006-8993(80)90589-2
Virgin, 1991, Glucocorticoids inhibit glucose transport and glutamate uptake in hippocampal astrocytes: implications for glucocorticoid neurotoxicity, J. Neurochem., 57, 1422, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1991.tb08309.x
Vizi, 2000, Role of high-affinity receptors and membrane transporters in nonsynaptic communication and drug action in the central nervous system, Pharmacol. Rev., 52, 63
Vogt, 1999, Glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid mediate a heterosynaptic depression at mossy fiber synapses in the hippocampus, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 96, 1118, 10.1073/pnas.96.3.1118
Voisin, 1993, Plasticity of astroglial glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid uptake in cell cultures derived from postnatal mouse cerebellum, J. Neurochem., 60, 114, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1993.tb05829.x
Volterra, 1992, High sensitivity of glutamate uptake to extracellular free arachidonic acid levels in rat cortical synaptosomes and astrocytes, J. Neurochem., 59, 600, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1992.tb09411.x
Volterra, 1994, Glutamate uptake inhibition by oxygen free radicals in rat cortical astrocytes, J. Neurosci., 14, 2924, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.14-05-02924.1994
Volterra, 1994, Glutamate uptake is inhibited by arachidonic acid and oxygen radicals via two distinct and additive mechanisms, Mol. Pharmacol., 46, 986
Volterra, 1996, The competitive transport inhibitor l-trans-pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylate triggers excitotoxicity in rat cortical neuron-astrocyte co-cultures via glutamate release rather than uptake inhibition, Eur. J. Neurosci., 8, 2019, 10.1111/j.1460-9568.1996.tb01345.x
von Rückmann, 1997, Cytoskeleton-membrane connections in the human erythrocyte membrane: band 4, 1 binds to tetrameric band 3 protein, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1325, 226, 10.1016/S0005-2736(96)00261-1
Wadiche, 1998, Macroscopic and microscopic properties of a cloned glutamate transporter chloride channel, J. Neurosci., 18, 7650, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.18-19-07650.1998
Wadiche, 1995, Ion fluxes associated with excitatory amino acid transport, Neuron, 15, 721, 10.1016/0896-6273(95)90159-0
Wadiche, 1995, Kinetics of a human glutamate transporter, Neuron, 14, 1019, 10.1016/0896-6273(95)90340-2
Wahle, 1996, Membrane topology of the high-affinity l-glutamate transporter (GLAST-1) of the central nervous system, J. Cell Biol., 135, 1867, 10.1083/jcb.135.6.1867
Walaas, 1980, Biochemical evidence for glutamate as a transmitter in hippocampal efferents to the basal forebrain and hypothalamus in the rat brain, Neuroscience, 5, 1691, 10.1016/0306-4522(80)90088-3
Walaas, 1991, Protein phosphorylation and neuronal function, Pharmacol. Rev., 43, 299
Walker, 1983, Effect of regional cortical ablations on high-affinity d-aspartate uptake in striatum, olfactory tubercle, and pyriform cortex of the rat, Brain Res., 278, 283, 10.1016/0006-8993(83)90255-X
Walker, 1983, Regional cortical glutamergic and aspartergic projections to the amygdala and thalamus of the rat, Brain Res., 267, 371, 10.1016/0006-8993(83)90892-2
Wang, 1998, High affinity glutamate transport in rat cortical neurons in culture, Mol. Pharmacol., 53, 88, 10.1124/mol.53.1.88
Waniewski, 1984, Characterization of l-glutamic acid transport by glioma cells in culture: evidence for sodium-independent, chloride-dependent high affinity influx, J. Neurosci., 4, 2237, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.04-09-02237.1984
Warr, 1999, Modulation of extracellular glutamate concentration in rat brain slices by cystine-glutamate exchange, J. Physiol. (Lond.), 514, 783, 10.1111/j.1469-7793.1999.783ad.x
Warr, 2000, Bilirubin does not modulate ionotropic glutamate receptors or glutamate transporters, Brain Res., 879, 13, 10.1016/S0006-8993(00)02676-7
Watanabe, 1997, Developmental dynamics of gene expression for NMDA receptor channel, 189
Watanabe, T., Morimoto, K., Hirao, T., Suwaki, H., Watase, K., Tanaka, K., 1999. Amygdala-kindled and pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in glutamate transporter GLAST-deficient mice. Brain Res. 845, 92–96.
Watase, 1998, Motor discoordination and increased susceptibility to cerebellar injury in GLAST mutant mice, Eur. J. Neurosci., 10, 976, 10.1046/j.1460-9568.1998.00108.x
Watkins, 1981, Excitatory amino acid transmitters, Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 21, 165, 10.1146/annurev.pa.21.040181.001121
Weaver, 1996, Differential expression of glutamate receptor subtypes in rat pancreatic islets, J. Biol. Chem., 271, 12977, 10.1074/jbc.271.22.12977
Weaver, 1998, A high affinity glutamate/aspartate transport system in pancreatic islets of Langerhans modulates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, J. Biol. Chem., 273, 1647, 10.1074/jbc.273.3.1647
Weiss, 1988, Beta-N-methylamino-l-alanine neurotoxicity: requirement for bicarbonate as a cofactor, Science, 241, 973, 10.1126/science.3136549
Welbourne, 1999, Glutamate transport and renal function, Am. J. Physiol., 277, F501
Weng, 1992, Structure and specificities of anti-ganglioside autoantibodies associated with motor neuropathies, J. Immunol., 149, 2518, 10.4049/jimmunol.149.7.2518
Wenthold, 1998, The organization and regulation of non-NMDA receptors in neurons, Prog. Brain Res., 116, 133, 10.1016/S0079-6123(08)60435-5
Wenzel, 1991, The influence of long-term potentiation on the spatial relationship between astrocyte processes and potentiated synapses in the dentate gyrus neuropil of rat brain, Brain Res., 560, 122, 10.1016/0006-8993(91)91222-M
Westergaard, 1995, Metabolic trafficking between neurons and astrocytes: the glutamate glutamine cycle revisited, Dev. Neurosci., 17, 203, 10.1159/000111288
Wheeler, 1987, Are there both low- and high-affinity glutamate transporters in rat cortical synaptosomes?, Neurochem. Res., 12, 667, 10.1007/BF00970521
Whetsell, 1993, Biology of disease — neuroexcitation, excitotoxicity and human neurological disease, Lab. Invest., 68, 372
Whiting, 1964, Toxicity of cycads, Econ. Bot., 17, 64
Wiederholt, 1999, Neuroepidemiologic research initiatives on Guam: past and present, Neuroepidemiology, 18, 279, 10.1159/000026223
Wieloch, 1985, Hypoglycemia-induced neuronal damage prevented by an N-methyl-d-aspartate antagonist, Science, 230, 681, 10.1126/science.2996146
Wilkin, 1982, Putative acidic amino acid transmitters in the cerebellum. II. Electron microscopic localization of transport sites, Brain Res., 244, 69, 10.1016/0006-8993(82)90905-2
Willis, 1996, l-trans-2,3-pyrrolidine dicarboxylate: characterization of a novel excitotoxin, Neuropharmacology, 35, 531, 10.1016/0028-3908(96)84623-5
Winkler, 1999, Effects of chronic alcohol consumption on the expression of different NR1 splice variants in the brain of AA and ANA lines of rats, Mol. Brain Res., 72, 166, 10.1016/S0169-328X(99)00218-1
Wofsey, 1971, A unique synaptosomal fraction, which accumulates glutamic and aspartic acids, in brain tissue, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 68, 1102, 10.1073/pnas.68.6.1102
Woodward, 1999, Ionotropic glutamate receptors as sites of action for ethanol in the brain, Neurochem. Int., 35, 107, 10.1016/S0197-0186(99)00052-2
Woolley, 1992, Estradiol mediates fluctuation in hippocampal synapse density during the estrous cycle in the adult rat, J. Neurosci., 12, 2549, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.12-07-02549.1992
Yager, 1996, The effect of age on susceptibility to brain damage in a model of global hemispheric hypoxia-ischemia, Dev. Brain Res., 93, 143, 10.1016/0165-3806(96)00026-0
Yamada, 1997, Functional expression of a GLT-1 type Na+-dependent glutamate transporter in rat pinealocytes, J. Neurochem., 69, 1491, 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1997.69041491.x
Yamada, 1996, EAAT4 is a post-synaptic glutamate transporter at Purkinje cell synapses, Neuroreport, 7, 2013, 10.1097/00001756-199608120-00032
Yamada, 1998, Glutamate transporter GLT-1 is transiently localized on growing axons of the mouse spinal cord before establishing astrocytic expression, J. Neurosci., 18, 5706, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.18-15-05706.1998
Yamashita, 1996, Changes in glutamate/aspartate transporter (GLAST/glut-1) mRNA expression following facial nerve transection, Mol. Brain Res., 38, 294, 10.1016/0169-328X(96)00043-5
Yan, 1998, Effect of glutamate transporter on neuronal damage induced by photochemical thrombotic brain ischemia, Neuroreport, 9, 441, 10.1097/00001756-199802160-00016
Yao, 2000, A novel system A isoform mediating Na+/neutral amino acid cotransport, J. Biol. Chem., 275, 22790, 10.1074/jbc.M002965200
Yasui, 1996, Oxygen radicals in glutamate toxicity of C6 glioma cells via transporter system, 51
Yatsushiro, 1997, l-aspartate but not the d form is secreted through microvesicle-mediated exocytosis and is sequestered through Na+-dependent transporter in rat pinealocytes, J. Neurochem., 69, 340, 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1997.69010340.x
Ye, 1996, Cytokine modulation of glial glutamate uptake: a possible involvement of nitric oxide, Neuroreport, 7, 2181, 10.1097/00001756-199609020-00025
Ye, 1999, Glioma cells release excitotoxic concentrations of glutamate, Cancer Res., 59, 4383
Ye, 1999, Compromised glutamate transport in human glioma cells: reduction-mislocalization of sodium-dependent glutamate transporters and enhanced activity of cystine–glutamate exchange, J. Neurosci., 19, 10767, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.19-24-10767.1999
Yin, 1998, Altered expression of glutamate transporter GLAST mRNA in rat brain after photochemically induced focal ischemia, Anat. Rec., 251, 9, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0185(199805)251:1<9::AID-AR3>3.0.CO;2-X
Ying, 1997, Deleterious network: a testable pathogenetic concept of Alzheimer's disease, Gerontology, 43, 242, 10.1159/000213856
Yoshino, 1992, Isolated bovine spinal motoneurons have specific ganglioside antigens recognized by sera from patients with motor neuron disease and motor neuropathy, J. Neurochem., 59, 1684, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1992.tb10999.x
Yu, 1986, Effects of arachidonic acid on glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid uptake in primary cultures of rat cerebral cortical astrocytes and neurons, J. Neurochem., 47, 1181, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb00738.x
Yu, 1993, Arachidonic acid stimulates glucose uptake in cerebral cortical astrocytes, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 90, 4042, 10.1073/pnas.90.9.4042
Yu, 1998, Effects of feline immunodeficiency virus on astrocyte glutamate uptake: implications for lentivirus-induced central nervous system diseases, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 95, 2624, 10.1073/pnas.95.5.2624
Zaczek, 1987, Characteristics of chloride-dependent incorporation of glutamate into brain membranes argue against a receptor binding site, Neuropharmacology, 26, 281, 10.1016/0028-3908(87)90179-1
Zafra, 1990, Arachidonic acid inhibits glycine transport in cultured glial cells, Biochem. J., 271, 237, 10.1042/bj2710237
Zafra, 1995, Glycine transporters are differentially expressed among CNS cells, J. Neurosci., 15, 3952, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.15-05-03952.1995
Zafra, 1997, Neuronal dependency of the glycine transporter GLYT1 expression in glial cells, Glia, 20, 155, 10.1002/(SICI)1098-1136(199706)20:2<155::AID-GLIA7>3.0.CO;2-8
Zarbiv, 1998, Cysteine scanning of the surroundings of an alkali-ion binding site of the glutamate transporter GLT-1 reveals a conformationally sensitive residue, J. Biol. Chem., 273, 14231, 10.1074/jbc.273.23.14231
Zauner, 1996, Glutamate release and cerebral blood flow after severe human head injury, Acta Neurochir. Suppl. (Wien), 67, 40
Zelenaia, 2000, Degradation of glial glutamate transporter mRNAs is selectively blocked by inhibition of cellular transcription, J. Neurochem., 75, 2252, 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2000.0752252.x
Zelenaia, 2000, Epidermal growth factor receptor agonists increase expression of glutamate transporter GLT-1 in astrocytes through pathways dependent on phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and transcription factor NF-kappa B, Mol. Pharmacol., 57, 667, 10.1124/mol.57.4.667
Zerangue, 1996, Flux coupling in a neuronal glutamate transporter, Nature, 383, 634, 10.1038/383634a0
Zerangue, 1996, Interaction of l-cysteine with a human excitatory amino acid transporter — short paper given rapid review, J. Physiol. (Lond.), 493, 419, 10.1113/jphysiol.1996.sp021393
Zerangue, 1995, Differential modulation of human glutamate transporter subtypes by arachidonic acid, J. Biol. Chem., 270, 6433, 10.1074/jbc.270.12.6433
Zhang, 1999, Two serine residues of the glutamate transporter GLT-1 are crucial for coupling the fluxes of sodium and the neurotransmitter, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 96, 1710, 10.1073/pnas.96.4.1710
Zhang, 1994, Histidine 326 is critical for the function of GLT-1, a (Na++K+) coupled glutamate transporter from rat brain, J. Biol. Chem., 269, 19573, 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)32207-X
Zhang, 1998, Molecular determinant of ion selectivity of a (Na++K+)-coupled rat brain glutamate transporter, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 95, 751, 10.1073/pnas.95.2.751
Zhang, N., Storm-Mathisen, J., Ottersen, O.P., 1993. A model system for quantitation in single and double labelling postembedding electron microscopic immunocytochemistry. Elsevier Neuroscience Protocols, 93-050-13. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 1–20.
Zhao, 1997, Delta-glutamate receptors are differentially distributed at parallel and climbing fiber synapses on Purkinje cells, J. Neurochem., 68, 1041, 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1997.68031041.x
Zhao, 1998, Glutamate receptor targeting to synaptic populations on Purkinje cells is developmentally regulated, J. Neurosci., 18, 5517, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.18-14-05517.1998
Zhou, 1999, Ammonia downregulates GLAST mRNA glutamate transporter in rat astrocyte cultures, Neurosci. Lett., 276, 145, 10.1016/S0304-3940(99)00816-2
Zhu, 1997, Down-regulation of norepinephrine transporters on PC12 cells by transporter inhibitors, J. Neurochem., 68, 134, 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1997.68010134.x
Zhu, 1997, Activation of protein kinase C inhibits uptake, currents and binding associated with the human dopamine transporter expressed in Xenopus oocytes, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 282, 1358