Glutamate Released from Glial Cells Synchronizes Neuronal Activity in the Hippocampus

Journal of Neuroscience - Tập 24 Số 31 - Trang 6920-6927 - 2004
Marı́a Cecilia Angulo1,2, Andreï S. Kozlov3, Serge Charpak4, Étienne Audinat3
1Centro Internacional de Fı ´sica, Edificio Manuel Ancı ´zar, Ciudad Universitaria, Bogota ´, Colombia
2Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie et Nouvelles Microscopies, Institut National de la Sante ´et de la Recherche Me ´dicale U603, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique FRE 2500, Ecole Supe ´rieure de Physique et Chimie Industrielles, 75005 Paris, France, and
3U1128 - Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie et Nouvelles Microscopies (Centre universitaire des Saints-Pères 45 Rue des Saints-Pères 75270 Paris Cedex 06 - France)
4INSERM - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (101, rue de Tolbiac, 75013 Paris - France)

Tóm tắt

Glial cells of the nervous system directly influence neuronal and synaptic activities by releasing transmitters. However, the physiological consequences of this glial transmitter release on brain information processing remain poorly understood. We demonstrate here in hippocampal slices of 2- to 5-week-old rats that glutamate released from glial cells generates slow transient currents (STCs) mediated by the activation of NMDA receptors in pyramidal cells. STCs persist in the absence of neuronal and synaptic activity, indicating a nonsynaptic origin of the source of glutamate. Indeed, STCs occur spontaneously but can also be induced by pharmacological tools known to activate astrocytes and by the selective mechanical stimulation of single nearby glial cells. Bath application of the inhibitor of the glutamate uptakedl-threo-β-benzyloxyaspartate increases both the frequency of STCs and the amplitude of a tonic conductance mediated by NMDA receptors and probably also originated from glial glutamate release. By using dual recordings, we observed synchronized STCs in pyramidal cells having their soma distant by <100 μm. The degree of precision (<100 msec) of this synchronization rules out the involvement of calcium waves spreading through the glial network. It also indicates that single glial cells release glutamate onto adjacent neuronal processes, thereby controlling simultaneously the excitability of several neighboring pyramidal cells. In conclusion, our results show that the glial glutamate release occurs spontaneously and synchronizes the neuronal activity in the hippocampus.

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Thông tin xuất bản

Journal of Neuroscience

Tập 24 Số 31

6920-6927

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