Glucocorticoids, metabolism and metabolic diseases
Tóm tắt
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Abdallah, 2005, Increased expression of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 in type 2 diabetic myotubes, Eur. J. Clin. Invest., 35, 627, 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2005.01552.x
Abel, 2001, Adipose-selective targeting of the GLUT4 gene impairs insulin action in muscle and liver, Nature, 409, 729, 10.1038/35055575
Alberts, 2005, Effect of high-fat diet on KKAy and ob/ob mouse liver and adipose tissue corticosterone and 11-dehydrocorticosterone concentrations, Horm. Metab. Res., 37, 402, 10.1055/s-2005-870228
Allary, 2005, Glucocorticoids and sepsis, Miner. Anestesiol., 71, 759
Almon, 2005, Temporal profiling of the transcriptional basis for the development of corticosteroid-induced insulin resistance in rat muscle, J. Endocrinol., 184, 219, 10.1677/joe.1.05953
Amatruda, 1983, The effects of glucocorticoids on insulin-stimulated lipogenesis in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes, Biochem. J., 212, 135, 10.1042/bj2120135
Andrews, 1999, Glucocorticoids and insulin resistance: old hormones, new targets, Clin. Sci. (Lond.), 96, 513, 10.1042/CS19980388
Angrand, 1994, Response of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene to glucocorticoids depends on the integrity of the cAMP pathway, Cell Growth Differ., 5, 957
Anstee, 2006, Mouse models in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and steatohepatitis research, Int. J. Exp. Pathol., 87, 1, 10.1111/j.0959-9673.2006.00465.x
Araki, 1994, Alternative pathway of insulin signalling in mice with targeted disruption of the IRS-1 gene, Nature, 372, 186, 10.1038/372186a0
Artaza, 2002, Endogenous expression and localization of myostatin and its relation to myosin heavy chain distribution in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells, J. Cell Physiol., 190, 170, 10.1002/jcp.10044
Baid, 2006, Therapeutic doses of glucocorticoids: implications for oral medicine, Oral Dis., 12, 436, 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2006.01290.x
Baracos, 2001, Management of muscle wasting in cancer-associated cachexia: understanding gained from experimental studies, Cancer, 92, 1669, 10.1002/1097-0142(20010915)92:6+<1669::AID-CNCR1495>3.0.CO;2-S
Barthel, 2003, Novel concepts in insulin regulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis, Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab., 285, E685, 10.1152/ajpendo.00253.2003
Bernal-Mizrachi, 2003, Dexamethasone induction of hypertension and diabetes is PPAR-alpha dependent in LDL receptor-null mice, Nat. Med., 9, 1069, 10.1038/nm898
Bernal-Mizrachi, 2007, An afferent vagal nerve pathway links hepatic PPARalpha activation to glucocorticoid-induced insulin resistance and hypertension, Cell Metab., 5, 91, 10.1016/j.cmet.2006.12.010
Bjorntorp, 1991, Adipose tissue distribution and function, Int. J. Obes., 15, 67
Bjorntorp, 1999, Neuroendocrine perturbations as a cause of insulin resistance, Diabet. Metab. Res. Rev., 15, 427, 10.1002/(SICI)1520-7560(199911/12)15:6<427::AID-DMRR68>3.0.CO;2-C
Bodine, 2001, Identification of ubiquitin ligases required for skeletal muscle atrophy, Science, 294, 1704, 10.1126/science.1065874
Borgius, 2002, Glucocorticoid signaling is perturbed by the atypical orphan receptor and corepressor SHP, J. Biol. Chem., 277, 49761, 10.1074/jbc.M205641200
Boullu-Ciocca, 2003, Expression of the mRNAs coding for the glucocorticoid receptor isoforms in obesity, Obes. Res., 11, 925, 10.1038/oby.2003.127
Boullu-Ciocca, 2005, Postnatal diet-induced obesity in rats upregulates systemic and adipose tissue glucocorticoid metabolism during development and in adulthood: its relationship with the metabolic syndrome, Diabetes, 54, 197, 10.2337/diabetes.54.1.197
Boustead, 2003, Hepatocyte nuclear factor-4 alpha mediates the stimulatory effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator-1 alpha (PGC-1 alpha) on glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit gene transcription in H4IIE cells, Biochem. J., 369, 17, 10.1042/bj20021382
Browning, 2004, Molecular mediators of hepatic steatosis and liver injury, J. Clin. Invest., 114, 147, 10.1172/JCI200422422
Browning, 2004, Prevalence of hepatic steatosis in an urban population in the United States: impact of ethnicity, Hepatology, 40, 1387, 10.1002/hep.20466
Buckingham, 2006, Glucocorticoids: exemplars of multi-tasking, Br. J. Pharmacol., 147, S258, 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706456
Bugianesi, 2005, Insulin resistance: a metabolic pathway to chronic liver disease, Hepatology, 42, 987, 10.1002/hep.20920
Buren, 2002, Dexamethasone impairs insulin signalling and glucose transport by depletion of insulin receptor substrate-1, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and protein kinase B in primary cultured rat adipocytes, Eur. J. Endocrinol., 146, 419, 10.1530/eje.0.1460419
Cai, 2005, Local and systemic insulin resistance resulting from hepatic activation of IKK-beta and NF-kappaB, Nat. Med., 11, 183, 10.1038/nm1166
Caperuto, 2006, Distinct regulation of IRS proteins in adipose tissue from obese aged and dexamethasone-treated rats, Endocrine, 29, 391, 10.1385/ENDO:29:3:391
Cassuto, 2005, Glucocorticoids regulate transcription of the gene for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) in the liver via an extended glucocorticoid regulatory unit, J. Biol. Chem., 280, 33873, 10.1074/jbc.M504119200
Chi, 2006, Dynamic regulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines by MAPK phosphatase 1 (MKP-1) in innate immune responses, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 103, 2274, 10.1073/pnas.0510965103
Coderre, 1992, Effect of hypercorticism on regulation of skeletal muscle glycogen metabolism by insulin, Am. J. Physiol., 262, E427
Cole, 1982, Effects of adrenalectomy and dexamethasone on hepatic lipid metabolism, J. Lipid Res., 23, 81, 10.1016/S0022-2275(20)38176-1
Cole, 1995, Targeted disruption of the glucocorticoid receptor gene blocks adrenergic chromaffin cell development and severely retards lung maturation, Genes Dev., 9, 1608, 10.1101/gad.9.13.1608
Combaret, 2004, Glucocorticoids regulate mRNA levels for subunits of the 19 S regulatory complex of the 26 S proteasome in fast-twitch skeletal muscles, Biochem. J., 378, 239, 10.1042/bj20031660
Consoli, 1992, Role of liver in pathophysiology of NIDDM, Diabetes Care, 15, 430, 10.2337/diacare.15.3.430
Corporeau, 2006, Adipose tissue compensates for defect of phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase induced in liver and muscle by dietary fish oil in fed rats, Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab., 290, E78, 10.1152/ajpendo.00200.2005
Davani, 2004, Aged transgenic mice with increased glucocorticoid sensitivity in pancreatic beta-cells develop diabetes, Diabetes, 53, S51, 10.2337/diabetes.53.2007.S51
De Bosscher, 2005, A fully dissociated compound of plant origin for inflammatory gene repression, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 102, 15827, 10.1073/pnas.0505554102
De Martino, 2004, Interaction of the glucocorticoid receptor and the chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor II (COUP-TFII): implications for the actions of glucocorticoids on glucose, lipoprotein, and xenobiotic metabolism, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 1024, 72, 10.1196/annals.1321.006
Delaunay, 1997, Pancreatic beta cells are important targets for the diabetogenic effects of glucocorticoids, J. Clin. Invest., 100, 2094, 10.1172/JCI119743
Diamant, 1975, Modulation of the activity of insulin-dependent enzymes of lipogenesis by glucocorticoids, Eur. J. Biochem., 53, 541, 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1975.tb04097.x
Dixon, 2001, Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: predictors of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis in the severely obese, Gastroenterology, 121, 91, 10.1053/gast.2001.25540
Drapeau, 2003, Is visceral obesity a physiological adaptation to stress?, Panminerva Med., 45, 189
Drouin, 1989, Glucocorticoid receptor binding to a specific DNA sequence is required for hormone-dependent repression of pro-opiomelanocortin gene transcription, Mol. Cell. Biol., 9, 5305, 10.1128/MCB.9.12.5305
Du, 2003, TRB3: a tribbles homolog that inhibits Akt/PKB activation by insulin in liver, Science, 300, 1574, 10.1126/science.1079817
Ekstrand, 1996, The effect of (steroid) immunosuppression on skeletal muscle glycogen metabolism in patients after kidney transplantation, Transplantation, 61, 889, 10.1097/00007890-199603270-00008
Elshourbagy, 1985, Expression of rat apolipoprotein A-IV and A-I genes: mRNA induction during development and in response to glucocorticoids and insulin, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 82, 8242, 10.1073/pnas.82.23.8242
Ettinger, 1987, Effect of short-term, low-dose corticosteroids on plasma lipoprotein lipids, Atherosclerosis, 63, 167, 10.1016/0021-9150(87)90117-1
Evans, 2002, Oxidative stress and stress-activated signaling pathways: a unifying hypothesis of type 2 diabetes, Endocr. Rev., 23, 599, 10.1210/er.2001-0039
Falduto, 1989, Antagonism by glucocorticoids and exercise on expression of glutamine synthetase in skeletal muscle, FASEB J., 3, 2623, 10.1096/fasebj.3.14.2574120
Farrell, 2006, Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: from steatosis to cirrhosis, Hepatology, 43, S99, 10.1002/hep.20973
Fasshauer, 2002, Hormonal regulation of adiponectin gene expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 290, 1084, 10.1006/bbrc.2001.6307
Floyd, 2003, STAT5A promotes adipogenesis in nonprecursor cells and associates with the glucocorticoid receptor during adipocyte differentiation, Diabetes, 52, 308, 10.2337/diabetes.52.2.308
Franckhauser, 1995, Expression of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene in 3T3-F442A adipose cells: opposite effects of dexamethasone and isoprenaline on transcription, Biochem. J., 305, 65, 10.1042/bj3050065
Franckhauser, 2002, Increased fatty acid re-esterification by PEPCK overexpression in adipose tissue leads to obesity without insulin resistance, Diabetes, 51, 624, 10.2337/diabetes.51.3.624
Franckhauser, 2006, Adipose overexpression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase leads to high susceptibility to diet-induced insulin resistance and obesity, Diabetes, 55, 273, 10.2337/diabetes.55.02.06.db05-0482
Friedman, 1997, Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) gene transcription and hyperglycemia are regulated by glucocorticoids in genetically obese db/db transgenic mice, J. Biol. Chem., 272, 31475, 10.1074/jbc.272.50.31475
Furukawa, 2004, Increased oxidative stress in obesity and its impact on metabolic syndrome, J. Clin. Invest., 114, 1752, 10.1172/JCI21625
Furuyama, 2003, Forkhead transcription factor FOXO1 (FKHR)-dependent induction of PDK4 gene expression in skeletal muscle during energy deprivation, Biochem. J., 375, 365, 10.1042/bj20030022
Gagner, 1985, Opposite regulation of pro-opiomelanocortin gene transcription by glucocorticoids and CRH, Mol. Cell Endocrinol., 40, 25, 10.1016/0303-7207(85)90154-6
Gagner, 1987, Tissue-specific regulation of pituitary proopiomelanocortin gene transcription by corticotropin-releasing hormone, 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate, and glucocorticoids, Mol. Endocrinol., 1, 677, 10.1210/mend-1-10-677
Gaillard, 1991, Control of terminal differentiation of adipose precursor cells by glucocorticoids, J. Lipid Res., 32, 569, 10.1016/S0022-2275(20)42044-9
Garland, 1986, Induction of glucose 6-phosphatase in cultured hepatoma cells by dexamethasone, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 139, 1130, 10.1016/S0006-291X(86)80295-9
Garland, 1988, Effect of insulin on the induction by dexamethasone of glucose-6-phosphohydrolase and translocase activities in cultured hepatoma cells, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 153, 307, 10.1016/S0006-291X(88)81223-3
Gilson, 2007, Myostatin gene deletion prevents glucocorticoid-induced muscle atrophy, Endocrinology, 148, 452, 10.1210/en.2006-0539
Giorgino, 1993, Glucocorticoid regulation of insulin receptor and substrate IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation in rat skeletal muscle in vivo, J. Clin. Invest., 91, 2020, 10.1172/JCI116424
Giudetti, 1998, Short-term effect of dexamethasone on fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis in isolated rat hepatocytes, Biochem. Mol. Biol. Int., 44, 515
Glass, 2005, Skeletal muscle hypertrophy and atrophy signaling pathways, Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol., 37, 1974, 10.1016/j.biocel.2005.04.018
Glorian, 1998, Glucocorticoids repress induction by thiazolidinediones, fibrates, and fatty acids of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene expression in adipocytes, J. Cell. Biochem., 68, 298, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4644(19980301)68:3<298::AID-JCB2>3.0.CO;2-P
Gregoire, 1998, Understanding adipocyte differentiation, Physiol. Rev., 78, 783, 10.1152/physrev.1998.78.3.783
Gremlich, 1997, Dexamethasone induces posttranslational degradation of GLUT2 and inhibition of insulin secretion in isolated pancreatic beta cells. Comparison with the effects of fatty acids, J. Biol. Chem., 272, 3216, 10.1074/jbc.272.6.3216
Griffin, 1999, Free fatty acid-induced insulin resistance is associated with activation of protein kinase C theta and alterations in the insulin signaling cascade, Diabetes, 48, 1270, 10.2337/diabetes.48.6.1270
Gunn, 1975, Glucocorticoids and the regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (guanosine triphosphate) in the rat, Biochem. J., 150, 195, 10.1042/bj1500195
Hall, 1992, Activation of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene retinoic acid response element is dependent on a retinoic acid receptor/coregulator complex, Mol. Cell. Biol., 12, 5527, 10.1128/MCB.12.12.5527
Hall, 1995, The orphan receptors COUP-TF and HNF-4 serve as accessory factors required for induction of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene transcription by glucocorticoids, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 92, 412, 10.1073/pnas.92.2.412
Hall, 2007, Insulin represses phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene transcription by causing the rapid disruption of an active transcription complex: a potential epigenetic effect, Mol. Endocrinol., 21, 550, 10.1210/me.2006-0307
Hall-Angeras, 1990, Corticosterone alone does not explain increased muscle proteolysis in septic rats, J. Surg. Res., 48, 368, 10.1016/0022-4804(90)90077-F
Hammer, 2006, Dual specificity phosphatase 1 (DUSP1) regulates a subset of LPS-induced genes and protects mice from lethal endotoxin shock, J. Exp. Med., 203, 15, 10.1084/jem.20051753
Hanniman, 2006, Apolipoprotein A-IV is regulated by nutritional and metabolic stress: involvement of glucocorticoids, HNF-4 alpha, and PGC-1 alpha, J. Lipid Res., 47, 2503, 10.1194/jlr.M600303-JLR200
Hanson, 1997, Regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) gene expression, Annu. Rev. Biochem., 66, 581, 10.1146/annurev.biochem.66.1.581
Harris, 2001, Intracellular regeneration of glucocorticoids by 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11beta-HSD)-1 plays a key role in regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis: analysis of 11beta-HSD-1-deficient mice, Endocrinology, 142, 114, 10.1210/en.142.1.114
Hasselgren, 1999, Counter-regulatory hormones and mechanisms in amino acid metabolism with special reference to the catabolic response in skeletal muscle, Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care, 2, 9, 10.1097/00075197-199901000-00003
Herzig, 2001, CREB regulates hepatic gluconeogenesis through the coactivator PGC-1, Nature, 413, 179, 10.1038/35093131
Heszele, 2004, Insulin-like growth factor I: the yin and yang of muscle atrophy, Endocrinology, 145, 4803, 10.1210/en.2004-1037
Houstis, 2006, Reactive oxygen species have a causal role in multiple forms of insulin resistance, Nature, 440, 944, 10.1038/nature04634
Imai, 1990, Characterization of a complex glucocorticoid response unit in the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene, Mol. Cell. Biol., 10, 4712, 10.1128/MCB.10.9.4712
Imai, 1993, Glucocorticoid receptor-cAMP response element-binding protein interaction and the response of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene to glucocorticoids, J. Biol. Chem., 268, 5353, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)53327-5
Iynedjian, 1977, Messenger RNA for renal phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP). Its translation in a heterologous cell-free system and its regulation by glucocorticoids and by changes in acid-base balance, J. Biol. Chem., 252, 8398, 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)75232-6
Iynedjian, 1977, Increase in level of functional messenger RNA coding for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) during induction by cyclic adenosine 3′:5′-monophosphate, J. Biol. Chem., 252, 655, 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)32769-2
Iynedjian, 1975, The regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) synthesis in rat kidney cortex. The role of acid-base balance and glucocorticoids, J. Biol. Chem., 250, 5596, 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)41221-0
Jacobson, 2005, Hepatic glucocorticoid receptor antagonism is sufficient to reduce elevated hepatic glucose output and improve glucose control in animal models of type 2 diabetes, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 314, 191, 10.1124/jpet.104.081257
Jenson, 1996, Abnormal regulation of hepatic glucocorticoid receptor mRNA and receptor protein distribution in the obese Zucker rat, Obes. Res., 4, 133, 10.1002/j.1550-8528.1996.tb00525.x
Jiang, 2003, Insulin signaling through Akt/protein kinase B analyzed by small interfering RNA-mediated gene silencing, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 100, 7569, 10.1073/pnas.1332633100
Kassel, 2001, Glucocorticoids inhibit MAP kinase via increased expression and decreased degradation of MKP-1, EMBO J., 20, 7108, 10.1093/emboj/20.24.7108
Kharitonenkov, 1997, A family of proteins that inhibit signalling through tyrosine kinase receptors, Nature, 386, 181, 10.1038/386181a0
Kim, 2000, Mechanism of insulin resistance in A-ZIP/F-1 fatless mice, J. Biol. Chem., 275, 8456, 10.1074/jbc.275.12.8456
Kioussis, 1978, Alterations in translatable messenger RNA coding for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) in rat liver cytosol during deinduction, J. Biol. Chem., 253, 4327, 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)34723-3
Knapp, 1991, Hormonal factors associated with weight loss in patients with advanced breast cancer, Ann. Clin. Biochem., 28, 480, 10.1177/000456329102800510
Knutti, 2001, PGC-1, a versatile coactivator, Trends Endocrinol. Metab., 12, 360, 10.1016/S1043-2760(01)00457-X
Knutti, 2000, A tissue-specific coactivator of steroid receptors, identified in a functional genetic screen, Mol. Cell. Biol., 20, 2411, 10.1128/MCB.20.7.2411-2422.2000
Koh, 2006, Skeletal muscle-selective knockout of LKB1 increases insulin sensitivity, improves glucose homeostasis, and decreases TRB3, Mol. Cell. Biol., 26, 8217, 10.1128/MCB.00979-06
Komamura, 2003, Differential gene expression in the rat skeletal and heart muscle in glucocorticoid-induced myopathy: analysis by microarray, Cardiovasc. Drugs Ther., 17, 303, 10.1023/A:1027352703783
Koo, 2004, PGC-1 promotes insulin resistance in liver through PPAR-alpha-dependent induction of TRB-3, Nat. Med., 10, 530, 10.1038/nm1044
Kotelevtsev, 1997, 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 knockout mice show attenuated glucocorticoid-inducible responses and resist hyperglycemia on obesity or stress, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 94, 14924, 10.1073/pnas.94.26.14924
Krausz, 1981, Origin and pattern of glucocorticoid-induced hyperlipidemia in rats. Dose-dependent bimodal changes in serum lipids and lipoproteins in relation to hepatic lipogenesis and tissue lipoprotein lipase activity, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 663, 69, 10.1016/0005-2760(81)90195-8
Kucera, 2002, A point mutation of the AF2 transactivation domain of the glucocorticoid receptor disrupts its interaction with steroid receptor coactivator 1, J. Biol. Chem., 277, 26098, 10.1074/jbc.M204013200
Kusunoki, 1995, Amelioration of high-fat feeding-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle with the antiglucocorticoid RU486, Diabetes, 44, 718, 10.2337/diabetes.44.6.718
Lambillotte, 1997, Direct glucocorticoid inhibition of insulin secretion. An in vitro study of dexamethasone effects in mouse islets, J. Clin. Invest., 99, 414, 10.1172/JCI119175
Langley, 1990, Effects of antiglucocorticoid RU 486 on development of obesity in obese fa/fa Zucker rats, Am. J. Physiol., 259, R539
Lasa, 2002, Dexamethasone causes sustained expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphatase 1 and phosphatase-mediated inhibition of MAPK p38, Mol. Cell. Biol., 22, 7802, 10.1128/MCB.22.22.7802-7811.2002
Lecker, 1999, Muscle protein breakdown and the critical role of the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway in normal and disease states, J. Nutr., 129, 227S, 10.1093/jn/129.1.227S
Lecker, 2004, Multiple types of skeletal muscle atrophy involve a common program of changes in gene expression, FASEB J., 18, 39, 10.1096/fj.03-0610com
Lei, 1996, Glucose-6-phosphatase dependent substrate transport in the glycogen storage disease type-1a mouse, Nat. Genet., 13, 203, 10.1038/ng0696-203
Lemaigre, 1994, Transcriptional control of genes that regulate glycolysis and gluconeogenesis in adult liver, Biochem. J., 303, 1, 10.1042/bj3030001
Letteron, 1997, Glucocorticoids inhibit mitochondrial matrix acyl-CoA dehydrogenases and fatty acid beta-oxidation, Am. J. Physiol., 272, G1141
Lewis, 2002, Disordered fat storage and mobilization in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, Endocr. Rev., 23, 201, 10.1210/er.23.2.201
Liang, 2005, Antisense oligonucleotides targeted against glucocorticoid receptor reduce hepatic glucose production and ameliorate hyperglycemia in diabetic mice, Metabolism, 54, 848, 10.1016/j.metabol.2005.01.030
Lin, 1998, Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1alpha is an accessory factor required for activation of glucose-6-phosphatase gene transcription by glucocorticoids, DNA Cell Biol., 17, 967, 10.1089/dna.1998.17.967
Liu, 1991, Cyclic AMP induction of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) gene transcription is mediated by multiple promoter elements, J. Biol. Chem., 266, 19095, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)55177-2
Liu, 2005, Increased glucocorticoid receptor and 11{beta}-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 expression in hepatocytes may contribute to the phenotype of type 2 diabetes in db/db mice, Diabetes, 54, 32, 10.2337/diabetes.54.1.32
Liu, 2006, Liver X receptor agonist T0901317 inhibition of glucocorticoid receptor expression in hepatocytes may contribute to the amelioration of diabetic syndrome in db/db mice, Endocrinology, 147, 5061, 10.1210/en.2006-0243
Liu, 2006, Role of 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 in differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells and in rats with diet-induced obesity, Acta Pharmacol. Sin., 27, 588, 10.1111/j.1745-7254.2006.00316.x
Livingstone, 2000, Understanding the role of glucocorticoids in obesity: tissue-specific alterations of corticosterone metabolism in obese Zucker rats, Endocrinology, 141, 560, 10.1210/en.141.2.560
Llovera, 1996, Muscle hypercatabolism during cancer cachexia is not reversed by the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU38486, Cancer Lett., 99, 7, 10.1016/0304-3835(95)04026-9
Lonardo, 2006, ’Endocrine NAFLD’ a hormonocentric perspective of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease pathogenesis, J. Hepatol., 44, 1196, 10.1016/j.jhep.2006.03.005
Long, 2003, Adrenalectomy enhances the insulin sensitivity of muscle protein synthesis, Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab., 284, E102, 10.1152/ajpendo.00028.2002
Loose, 1985, Thyroid hormone regulates transcription of the gene for cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) in rat liver, Biochemistry, 24, 4509, 10.1021/bi00338a004
Ma, 2003, Glucocorticoid-induced skeletal muscle atrophy is associated with upregulation of myostatin gene expression, Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab., 285, E363, 10.1152/ajpendo.00487.2002
Malkoski, 1999, Composite glucocorticoid regulation at a functionally defined negative glucocorticoid response element of the human corticotropin-releasing hormone gene, Mol. Endocrinol., 13, 1629, 10.1210/me.13.10.1629
Mangiapane, 1986, Effects of dexamethasone and insulin on the synthesis of triacylglycerols and phosphatidylcholine and the secretion of very-low-density lipoproteins and lysophosphatidylcholine by monolayer cultures of rat hepatocytes, Biochem. J., 233, 151, 10.1042/bj2330151
Mantha, 1999, Modulation of triglyceride metabolism by glucocorticoids in diet-induced obesity, Am. J. Physiol., 277, R455
Marchesini, 1999, Association of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with insulin resistance, Am. J. Med., 107, 450, 10.1016/S0002-9343(99)00271-5
Marinovic, 2002, Ubiquitin (UbC) expression in muscle cells is increased by glucocorticoids through a mechanism involving Sp1 and MEK1, J. Biol. Chem., 277, 16673, 10.1074/jbc.M200501200
Masuzaki, 2001, A transgenic model of visceral obesity and the metabolic syndrome, Science, 294, 2166, 10.1126/science.1066285
Masuzaki, 2003, Transgenic amplification of glucocorticoid action in adipose tissue causes high blood pressure in mice, J. Clin. Invest., 112, 83, 10.1172/JCI17845
McFarlane, 2006, Myostatin induces cachexia by activating the ubiquitin proteolytic system through an NF-kappaB-independent, FoxO1-dependent mechanism, J. Cell Physiol., 209, 501, 10.1002/jcp.20757
Mendoza-Figueroa, 1988, Intracytoplasmic triglyceride accumulation produced by dexamethasone in adult rat hepatocytes cultivated on 3T3 cells, Toxicology, 52, 273, 10.1016/0300-483X(88)90132-1
Michael, 2000, Loss of insulin signaling in hepatocytes leads to severe insulin resistance and progressive hepatic dysfunction, Mol. Cell, 6, 87, 10.1016/S1097-2765(00)00010-1
Minokoshi, 2003, Tissue-specific ablation of the GLUT4 glucose transporter or the insulin receptor challenges assumptions about insulin action and glucose homeostasis, J. Biol. Chem., 278, 33609, 10.1074/jbc.R300019200
Mitchell, 1994, Integration of multiple signals through a complex hormone response unit in the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene promoter, Mol. Endocrinol., 8, 585, 10.1210/me.8.5.585
Moitra, 1998, Life without white fat: a transgenic mouse, Genes Dev., 12, 3168, 10.1101/gad.12.20.3168
Morton, 2001, Improved lipid and lipoprotein profile, hepatic insulin sensitivity, and glucose tolerance in 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 null mice, J. Biol. Chem., 276, 41293, 10.1074/jbc.M103676200
Nakae, 2001, The forkhead transcription factor Foxo1 (Fkhr) confers insulin sensitivity onto glucose-6-phosphatase expression, J. Clin. Invest., 108, 1359, 10.1172/JCI200112876
Newton, 2000, Molecular mechanisms of glucocorticoid action: what is important?, Thorax, 55, 603, 10.1136/thorax.55.7.603
Nguyen-Duy, 2003, Visceral fat and liver fat are independent predictors of metabolic risk factors in men, Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab., 284, E1065, 10.1152/ajpendo.00442.2002
Nordlie, 1999, Regulation of glucose production by the liver, Annu. Rev. Nutr., 19, 379, 10.1146/annurev.nutr.19.1.379
O’Brien, 1995, Hepatic nuclear factor 3- and hormone-regulated expression of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1 genes, Mol. Cell. Biol., 15, 1747, 10.1128/MCB.15.3.1747
Ohshima, 1984, Adrenalectomy reverses insulin resistance in muscle from obese (ob/ob) mice, Am. J. Physiol., 246, E193
Oishi, 2005, Genome-wide expression analysis reveals 100 adrenal gland-dependent circadian genes in the mouse liver, DNA Res., 12, 191, 10.1093/dnares/dsi003
Olswang, 2002, A mutation in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-binding site in the gene for the cytosolic form of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase reduces adipose tissue size and fat content in mice, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 99, 625, 10.1073/pnas.022616299
Olswang, 2003, Glucocorticoids repress transcription of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) gene in adipocytes by inhibiting its C/EBP-mediated activation, J. Biol. Chem., 278, 12929, 10.1074/jbc.M300263200
Opherk, 2004, Inactivation of the glucocorticoid receptor in hepatocytes leads to fasting hypoglycemia and ameliorates hyperglycemia in streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus, Mol. Endocrinol., 18, 1346, 10.1210/me.2003-0283
Park, 1993, Relative roles of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta and cAMP regulatory element-binding protein in controlling transcription of the gene for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP), J. Biol. Chem., 268, 613, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)54195-8
Park, 2007, Transcriptional repression of gluconeogenic gene PEPCK by orphan nuclear receptor SHP through inhibitory interaction with C/EBPalpha, Biochem. J., 402, 567, 10.1042/BJ20061549
Paterson, 2004, Metabolic syndrome without obesity: hepatic overexpression of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 in transgenic mice, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 101, 7088, 10.1073/pnas.0305524101
Paterson, 2007, Liver-selective transgene rescue of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction in 11{beta}-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 deficient mice, Endocrinology, 148, 961, 10.1210/en.2006-0603
Pessin, 2000, Signaling pathways in insulin action: molecular targets of insulin resistance, J. Clin. Invest., 106, 165, 10.1172/JCI10582
Phillips, 1998, Elevated plasma cortisol concentrations: a link between low birth weight and the insulin resistance syndrome?, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 83, 757, 10.1210/jc.83.3.757
Phillips, 2000, Low birth weight predicts elevated plasma cortisol concentrations in adults from 3 populations, Hypertension, 35, 1301, 10.1161/01.HYP.35.6.1301
Phuc Le, 2005, Glucocorticoid receptor-dependent gene regulatory networks, PLoS Genet., 1, e16, 10.1371/journal.pgen.0010016
Pierreux, 1998, Inhibition by insulin of glucocorticoid-induced gene transcription: involvement of the ligand-binding domain of the glucocorticoid receptor and independence from the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, Mol. Endocrinol., 12, 1343, 10.1210/me.12.9.1343
Pierreux, 1999, Antiglucocorticoid activity of hepatocyte nuclear factor-6, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 96, 8961, 10.1073/pnas.96.16.8961
Pijl, 1996, Bodyweight change as an adverse effect of drug treatment. Mechanisms and management, Drug Saf., 14, 329, 10.2165/00002018-199614050-00005
Pilkis, 1992, Molecular physiology of the regulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis and glycolysis, Annu. Rev. Physiol., 54, 885, 10.1146/annurev.ph.54.030192.004321
Puigserver, 2003, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1 alpha): transcriptional coactivator and metabolic regulator, Endocr. Rev., 24, 78, 10.1210/er.2002-0012
Puigserver, 1998, A cold-inducible coactivator of nuclear receptors linked to adaptive thermogenesis, Cell, 92, 829, 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81410-5
Puigserver, 1999, Activation of PPARgamma coactivator-1 through transcription factor docking, Science, 286, 1368, 10.1126/science.286.5443.1368
Puigserver, 2003, Insulin-regulated hepatic gluconeogenesis through FOXO1–PGC-1alpha interaction, Nature, 423, 550, 10.1038/nature01667
Qi, 2006, TRB3 links the E3 ubiquitin ligase COP1 to lipid metabolism, Science, 312, 1763, 10.1126/science.1123374
Quinn, 1990, Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase regulates transcription of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene but not binding of nuclear factors to the cyclic AMP regulatory element, Mol. Cell. Biol., 10, 3357, 10.1128/MCB.10.7.3357
Raber, 1998, Detrimental effects of chronic hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation. From obesity to memory deficits, Mol. Neurobiol., 18, 1, 10.1007/BF02741457
Ranta, 2006, Dexamethasone induces cell death in insulin-secreting cells, an effect reversed by exendin-4, Diabetes, 55, 1380, 10.2337/db05-1220
Rebuffe-Scrive, 1990, Steroid hormone receptors in human adipose tissues, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 71, 1215, 10.1210/jcem-71-5-1215
Reddy, 2004, Potential role for mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 in the development of atherosclerotic lesions in mouse models, Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 24, 1676, 10.1161/01.ATV.0000138342.94314.64
Reichardt, 1998, DNA binding of the glucocorticoid receptor is not essential for survival, Cell, 93, 531, 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81183-6
Reshef, 2003, Glyceroneogenesis and the triglyceride/fatty acid cycle, J. Biol. Chem., 278, 30413, 10.1074/jbc.R300017200
Reynolds, 2001, Altered control of cortisol secretion in adult men with low birth weight and cardiovascular risk factors, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 86, 245, 10.1210/jc.86.1.245
Reynolds, 2001, Elevated plasma cortisol in glucose-intolerant men: differences in responses to glucose and habituation to venepuncture, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 86, 1149, 10.1210/jc.86.3.1149
Rhee, 2003, Regulation of hepatic fasting response by PPARgamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1): requirement for hepatocyte nuclear factor 4alpha in gluconeogenesis, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 100, 4012, 10.1073/pnas.0730870100
Ribon, 1997, Insulin stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation of the proto-oncogene product of c-Cbl in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, Biochem. J., 324, 839, 10.1042/bj3240839
Rivadeneira, 1999, Glucocorticoid blockade does not abrogate tumor-induced cachexia, Nutr. Cancer, 35, 202, 10.1207/S15327914NC352_16
Roesler, 1989, Identification of multiple protein binding domains in the promoter-regulatory region of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) gene, J. Biol. Chem., 264, 9657, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)60581-2
Rosmond, 2000, The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity as a predictor of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and stroke, J. Intern. Med., 247, 188, 10.1046/j.1365-2796.2000.00603.x
Roth, 1976, Reductions in glucocorticoid inhibition of glucose oxidation and presumptive glucocorticoid receptor content in rat adipocytes during aging, Endocrinology, 99, 831, 10.1210/endo-99-3-831
Saad, 1993, Modulation of insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrate-1, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in liver and muscle of dexamethasone-treated rats, J. Clin. Invest., 92, 2065, 10.1172/JCI116803
Sakoda, 2000, Dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes is due to inhibition of glucose transport rather than insulin signal transduction, Diabetes, 49, 1700, 10.2337/diabetes.49.10.1700
Saladin, 1996, Transcriptional induction of rat liver apolipoprotein A-I gene expression by glucocorticoids requires the glucocorticoid receptor and a labile cell-specific protein, Eur. J. Biochem., 239, 451, 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1996.0451u.x
Salojin, 2006, Essential role of MAPK phosphatase-1 in the negative control of innate immune responses, J. Immunol., 176, 1899, 10.4049/jimmunol.176.3.1899
Saltiel, 2001, New perspectives into the molecular pathogenesis and treatment of type 2 diabetes, Cell, 104, 517, 10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00239-2
Saltiel, 2001, Insulin signalling and the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, Nature, 414, 799, 10.1038/414799a
Saltiel, 2002, Insulin signaling pathways in time and space, Trends Cell Biol., 12, 65, 10.1016/S0962-8924(01)02207-3
Samra, 1998, Effects of physiological hypercortisolemia on the regulation of lipolysis in subcutaneous adipose tissue, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 83, 626, 10.1210/jc.83.2.626
Samuel, 2004, Mechanism of hepatic insulin resistance in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, J. Biol. Chem., 279, 32345, 10.1074/jbc.M313478200
Sandri, 2004, Foxo transcription factors induce the atrophy-related ubiquitin ligase atrogin-1 and cause skeletal muscle atrophy, Cell, 117, 399, 10.1016/S0092-8674(04)00400-3
Schacke, 2002, Mechanisms involved in the side effects of glucocorticoids, Pharmacol. Ther., 96, 23, 10.1016/S0163-7258(02)00297-8
Schacke, 2004, Dissociation of transactivation from transrepression by a selective glucocorticoid receptor agonist leads to separation of therapeutic effects from side effects, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 101, 227, 10.1073/pnas.0300372101
Schaur, 1979, Tumor host relations. I. Increased plasma cortisol in tumor-bearing humans compared with patients with benign surgical diseases, J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol., 93, 281, 10.1007/BF00964584
Schmoll, 1996, Cloning and sequencing of the 5′ region of the human glucose-6-phosphatase gene: transcriptional regulation by cAMP, insulin and glucocorticoids in H4IIE hepatoma cells, FEBS Lett., 383, 63, 10.1016/0014-5793(96)00224-4
Schmoll, 1999, Identification of a cAMP response element within the glucose-6-phosphatase hydrolytic subunit gene promoter which is involved in the transcriptional regulation by cAMP and glucocorticoids in H4IIE hepatoma cells, Biochem. J., 338, 457, 10.1042/0264-6021:3380457
Scott, 1996, The orphan receptor COUP-TF binds to a third glucocorticoid accessory factor element within the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene promoter, J. Biol. Chem., 271, 31909, 10.1074/jbc.271.50.31909
Scott, 1998, Further characterization of the glucocorticoid response unit in the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene. The role of the glucocorticoid receptor-binding sites, Mol. Endocrinol., 12, 482, 10.1210/me.12.4.482
Seckl, 2001, Minireview: 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1- a tissue-specific amplifier of glucocorticoid action, Endocrinology, 142, 1371, 10.1210/en.142.4.1371
Seckl, 2004, Glucocorticoids and 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in adipose tissue, Recent Prog. Horm. Res., 59, 359, 10.1210/rp.59.1.359
Seppala-Lindroos, 2002, Fat accumulation in the liver is associated with defects in insulin suppression of glucose production and serum free fatty acids independent of obesity in normal men, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 87, 3023, 10.1210/jc.87.7.3023
Sesti, 2001, Defects of the insulin receptor substrate (IRS) system in human metabolic disorders, FASEB J., 15, 2099, 10.1096/fj.01-0009rev
Shah, 2000, Glucocorticoids oppose translational control by leucine in skeletal muscle, Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab., 279, E1185, 10.1152/ajpendo.2000.279.5.E1185
Shargill, 1984, Muscle protein turnover in the perfused hindquarters of lean and genetically obese-diabetic (db/db) mice, Diabetes, 33, 1160, 10.2337/diabetes.33.12.1160
Shibli-Rahhal, 2006, Cushing's syndrome, Clin. Dermatol., 24, 260, 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2006.04.012
Short, 1986, Characterization of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) promoter-regulatory region. II. Identification of cAMP and glucocorticoid regulatory domains, J. Biol. Chem., 261, 9721, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)67574-X
Shteyer, 2004, Disruption of hepatic adipogenesis is associated with impaired liver regeneration in mice, Hepatology, 40, 1322, 10.1002/hep.20462
Slavin, 1994, Hormonal regulation of hormone-sensitive lipase activity and mRNA levels in isolated rat adipocytes, J. Lipid Res., 35, 1535, 10.1016/S0022-2275(20)41151-4
Soumano, 2000, Glucocorticoids inhibit the transcriptional response of the uncoupling protein-1 gene to adrenergic stimulation in a brown adipose cell line, Mol. Cell. Endocrinol., 165, 7, 10.1016/S0303-7207(00)00276-8
Spiegelman, 1996, Adipogenesis and obesity: rounding out the big picture, Cell, 87, 377, 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81359-8
Stafford, 2001, Accessory factors facilitate the binding of glucocorticoid receptor to the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene promoter, J. Biol. Chem., 276, 39885, 10.1074/jbc.M105370200
Stafford, 2001, Role of accessory factors and steroid receptor coactivator 1 in the regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene transcription by glucocorticoids, J. Biol. Chem., 276, 3811, 10.1074/jbc.M009389200
Stitt, 2004, The IGF-1/PI3K/Akt pathway prevents expression of muscle atrophy-induced ubiquitin ligases by inhibiting FOXO transcription factors, Mol. Cell, 14, 395, 10.1016/S1097-2765(04)00211-4
Svaninger, 1987, Tumor-host wasting not explained by adrenal hyperfunction in tumor-bearing animals, J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 79, 1135
Tanaka, 1990, Experimental cancer cachexia induced by transplantable colon 26 adenocarcinoma in mice, Cancer Res., 50, 2290
Taskinen, 1983, Plasma lipoproteins, lipolytic enzymes, and very low density lipoprotein triglyceride turnover in Cushing's syndrome, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 57, 619, 10.1210/jcem-57-3-619
Tassinari, 2006, Progestagens and corticosteroids in the management of cancer cachexia, 631
Taylor, 1996, Glucocorticoid increases rat apolipoprotein A-I promoter activity, J. Lipid Res., 37, 2232, 10.1016/S0022-2275(20)37304-1
Tiao, 1996, Energy-ubiquitin-dependent muscle proteolysis during sepsis in rats is regulated by glucocorticoids, J. Clin. Invest., 97, 339, 10.1172/JCI118421
Tilghman, 1974, Rapid loss of translatable messenger RNA of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase during glucose repression in liver, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 71, 1304, 10.1073/pnas.71.4.1304
Tilghman, 1975, Deinduction of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (guanosine triphosphate) synthesis in Reuber H-35 cells, J. Biol. Chem., 250, 3322, 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)41517-2
Tomlinson, 2005, Mechanisms of disease: Selective inhibition of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 as a novel treatment for the metabolic syndrome, Nat. Clin. Pract. Endocrinol. Metab., 1, 92, 10.1038/ncpendmet0023
Tomlinson, 2004, 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1: a tissue-specific regulator of glucocorticoid response, Endocr. Rev., 25, 831, 10.1210/er.2003-0031
Tontonoz, 1995, PPAR gamma 2 regulates adipose expression of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene, Mol. Cell. Biol., 15, 351, 10.1128/MCB.15.1.351
Ullrich, 2005, Serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) mediates glucocorticoid-induced inhibition of insulin secretion, Diabetes, 54, 1090, 10.2337/diabetes.54.4.1090
Unger, 1981, Glucagon and the A cell: physiology and pathophysiology (second of two parts), N. Engl. J. Med., 304, 1575, 10.1056/NEJM198106253042604
Unger, 1981, Glucagon and the A cell: physiology and pathophysiology (first two parts), N. Engl. J. Med., 304, 1518, 10.1056/NEJM198106183042504
van den Berghe, 1991, The role of the liver in metabolic homeostasis: implications for inborn errors of metabolism, J. Inherit. Metab. Dis., 14, 407, 10.1007/BF01797914
Vander Kooi, 2005, The glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit gene promoter contains both positive and negative glucocorticoid response elements, Mol. Endocrinol., 19, 3001, 10.1210/me.2004-0497
Vaughan, 1982, Cortisol and corticotrophin in burned patients, J. Trauma, 22, 263, 10.1097/00005373-198204000-00001
Vestergaard, 2001, Increments in insulin sensitivity during intensive treatment are closely correlated with decrements in glucocorticoid receptor mRNA in skeletal muscle from patients with Type II diabetes, Clin. Sci. (Lond.), 101, 533, 10.1042/CS20010084
Viengchareun, 2002, Brown adipocytes are novel sites of expression and regulation of adiponectin and resistin, FEBS Lett., 532, 345, 10.1016/S0014-5793(02)03697-9
Volpe, 1975, Hormonal regulation of fatty acid synthetase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthesis in mammalian adipose tissue and liver, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 380, 454, 10.1016/0005-2760(75)90113-7
von Geldern, 2004, Liver-selective glucocorticoid antagonists: a novel treatment for type 2 diabetes, J. Med. Chem., 47, 4213, 10.1021/jm0400045
Walker, 2006, Cortisol—cause and cure for metabolic syndrome?, Diabet. Med., 23, 1281, 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2006.01998.x
Walker, 2006, Tissue production of cortisol by 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 and metabolic disease, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 1083, 165, 10.1196/annals.1367.012
Walker, 1998, Increased glucocorticoid activity in men with cardiovascular risk factors, Hypertension, 31, 891, 10.1161/01.HYP.31.4.891
Wang, 2006, Inhibitors of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 for the treatment of metabolic syndrome, Curr. Opin. Invest. Drugs, 7, 319
Wang, 1996, Hepatic nuclear factor 3 is an accessory factor required for the stimulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene transcription by glucocorticoids, Mol. Endocrinol., 10, 794, 10.1210/me.10.7.794
Wang, 1999, The phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene glucocorticoid response unit: identification of the functional domains of accessory factors HNF3 beta (hepatic nuclear factor-3 beta) and HNF4 and the necessity of proper alignment of their cognate binding sites, Mol. Endocrinol., 13, 604, 10.1210/me.13.4.604
Wang, 2004, The synergistic effect of dexamethasone and all-trans-retinoic acid on hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene expression involves the coactivator p300, J. Biol. Chem., 279, 34191, 10.1074/jbc.M403455200
Wang, 2006, Insulin resistance accelerates muscle protein degradation: Activation of the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway by defects in muscle cell signaling, Endocrinology, 147, 4160, 10.1210/en.2006-0251
Watanabe, 1984, In vitro effects of glucocorticoid on glucose transport in rat adipocytes: evidence of a post-receptor coupling defect in insulin action, J. Biochem. (Tokyo), 96, 1893, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a135024
Watts, 2005, Reduction of hepatic and adipose tissue glucocorticoid receptor expression with antisense oligonucleotides improves hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in diabetic rodents without causing systemic glucocorticoid antagonism, Diabetes, 54, 1846, 10.2337/diabetes.54.6.1846
Webster, 2004, Role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, glucocorticoids and glucocorticoid receptors in toxic sequelae of exposure to bacterial and viral products, J. Endocrinol., 181, 207, 10.1677/joe.0.1810207
Weinstein, 1995, Glucocorticoid-induced insulin resistance: dexamethasone inhibits the activation of glucose transport in rat skeletal muscle by both insulin- and non-insulin-related stimuli, Diabetes, 44, 441, 10.2337/diabetes.44.4.441
Weinstein, 1998, Dexamethasone inhibits insulin-stimulated recruitment of GLUT4 to the cell surface in rat skeletal muscle, Metabolism, 47, 3, 10.1016/S0026-0495(98)90184-6
Welle, 2006, Myofibrillar protein synthesis in myostatin-deficient mice, Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab., 290, E409, 10.1152/ajpendo.00433.2005
White, 1998, The IRS-signalling system: a network of docking proteins that mediate insulin action, Mol. Cell. Biochem., 182, 3, 10.1023/A:1006806722619
Whorwood, 2002, Increased glucocorticoid receptor expression in human skeletal muscle cells may contribute to the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome, Diabetes, 51, 1066, 10.2337/diabetes.51.4.1066
Wing, 1993, Glucocorticoids activate the ATP-ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic system in skeletal muscle during fasting, Am J Physiol, 264, E668
Wiper-Bergeron, 2003, Stimulation of preadipocyte differentiation by steroid through targeting of an HDAC1 complex, EMBO J., 22, 2135, 10.1093/emboj/cdg218
Witchel, 2006, Mechanisms of disease: regulation of glucocorticoid and receptor levels—impact on the metabolic syndrome, Nat. Clin. Pract. Endocrinol. Metab., 2, 621, 10.1038/ncpendmet0323
Wolfrum, 2004, Foxa2 regulates lipid metabolism and ketogenesis in the liver during fasting and in diabetes, Nature, 432, 1027, 10.1038/nature03047
Wong, 1986, Multihormonal regulation and kinetics of induction of a hepatic mRNA sequence which is slowly responsive to triiodothyronine, J. Biol. Chem., 261, 10387, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)67536-2
Wu, 1996, Induction of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma during the conversion of 3T3 fibroblasts into adipocytes is mediated by C/EBPbeta, C/EBPdelta, and glucocorticoids, Mol. Cell. Biol., 16, 4128, 10.1128/MCB.16.8.4128
Wu, 2006, Mice lacking MAP kinase phosphatase-1 have enhanced MAP kinase activity and resistance to diet-induced obesity, Cell Metab., 4, 61, 10.1016/j.cmet.2006.05.010
Xing, 1993, Involvement of 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate regulatory element binding protein (CREB) in both basal and hormone-mediated expression of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) gene, Mol. Endocrinol., 7, 1484, 10.1210/me.7.11.1484
Yamada, 1999, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta is an accessory factor for the glucocorticoid response from the cAMP response element in the rat phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene promoter, J. Biol. Chem., 274, 5880, 10.1074/jbc.274.9.5880
Yang, 2007, Dexamethasone-induced protein degradation in cultured myotubes is p300/HAT dependent, Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol., 292, R337, 10.1152/ajpregu.00230.2006
Yoon, 2001, Control of hepatic gluconeogenesis through the transcriptional coactivator PGC-1, Nature, 413, 131, 10.1038/35093050