Globus pallidus internus activity increases during voluntary movement in children with dystonia

Sanger, 2004, Toward a definition of childhood dystonia, Curr. Opin. Pediatr., 16, 623, 10.1097/01.mop.0000142487.90041.a2 Benarroch, 2012, Effects of acetylcholine in the striatum, Neurology, 79, 274, 10.1212/WNL.0b013e31825fe154 Sanger, 2010, Definition and classification of hyperkinetic movements in childhood, Mov. Disord., 25, 1538, 10.1002/mds.23088 Sanger, 2020, Deep brain stimulation for cerebral palsy: where are we now?, Dev. Med. Child Neurol., 62, 28, 10.1111/dmcn.14295 Sanger, 2018, Basic and translational neuroscience of childhood-onset dystonia: a control-theory perspective, Annu. Rev. Neurosci., 41, 41, 10.1146/annurev-neuro-080317-061504 Penner, 2013, Characteristics of pain in children and youth with cerebral palsy, Pediatrics, 132, e407, 10.1542/peds.2013-0224 Monbaliu, 2017, Clinical presentation and management of dyskinetic cerebral palsy, Lancet Neurol., 16, 741, 10.1016/S1474-4422(17)30252-1 Koy, 2016, Advances in management of movement disorders in children, Lancet Neurol., 15, 719, 10.1016/S1474-4422(16)00132-0 Stewart, 2017, A systematic review of scales to measure dystonia and choreoathetosis in children with dyskinetic cerebral palsy, Dev. Med. Child Neurol., 59, 786, 10.1111/dmcn.13452 Neumann, 2017, A localized pallidal physiomarker in cervical dystonia, Ann. Neurol., 82, 912, 10.1002/ana.25095 Piña-Fuentes, 2019, Direct comparison of oscillatory activity in the motor system of Parkinson’s disease and dystonia: a review of the literature and meta-analysis, Clin. Neurophysiol., 130, 917, 10.1016/j.clinph.2019.02.015 Paoli, 2023, DBS in tremor with dystonia: VIM, GPi or both? A review of the literature and considerations from a single-center experience, J. Neurol., 270, 2217 Zorzi, 2005, Stimulation of the globus pallidus internus for childhood-onset dystonia, Mov. Disord., 20, 1194, 10.1002/mds.20510 Keen, 2014, Deep brain stimulation for the treatment of childhood dystonic cerebral palsy, J. Neurosurg. Pediatr., 14, 585, 10.3171/2014.8.PEDS141 Coubes, 1999, Treatment of early-onset generalized dystonia by chronic bilateral stimulation of the internal globus pallidus. Apropos of a case, Neurochirurgie, 45, 139 Coubes, 2000, Treatment of DYT1-generalised dystonia by stimulation of the internal globus pallidus, Lancet, 355, 2220, 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02410-7 Lumsden, 2013, Proportion of life lived with dystonia inversely correlates with response to pallidal deep brain stimulation in both primary and secondary childhood dystonia, Dev. Med. Child Neurol., 55, 567, 10.1111/dmcn.12117 San Luciano, 2021, Thalamic deep brain stimulation for acquired dystonia in children and young adults: a phase 1 clinical trial, J. Neurosurg. Pediatr., 27, 203, 10.3171/2020.7.PEDS20348 Tambirajoo, 2020, Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation in post-infarct dystonia, Stereotact. Funct. Neurosurg., 98, 386, 10.1159/000509317 Sanger, 2018, Pediatric deep brain stimulation using awake recording and stimulation for target selection in an inpatient neuromodulation monitoring unit, Brain Sci., 8, 135, 10.3390/brainsci8070135 Sanger, 2018, Case report: targeting for deep brain stimulation surgery using chronic recording and stimulation in an inpatient neuromodulation monitoring unit, with implantation of electrodes in GPi and Vim in a 7-year-old child with progressive generalized dystonia, J. Child Neurol., 33, 776, 10.1177/0883073818787741 Vitek, 1999, Neuronal activity in the basal ganglia in patients with generalized dystonia and hemiballismus, Ann. Neurol., 46, 22, 10.1002/1531-8249(199907)46:1<22::AID-ANA6>3.0.CO;2-Z Albin, 1989, The functional anatomy of basal ganglia disorders, Trends Neurosci., 12, 366, 10.1016/0166-2236(89)90074-X Vitek, 2002, Pathophysiology of dystonia: a neuronal model, Mov. Disord., 17, S49, 10.1002/mds.10142 DeLong, 1990, Primate models of movement disorders of basal ganglia origin, Trends Neurosci., 13, 281, 10.1016/0166-2236(90)90110-V Hamada, 1992, Excitotoxic acid lesions of the primate subthalamic nucleus result in transient dyskinesias of the contralateral limbs, J. Neurophysiol., 68, 1850, 10.1152/jn.1992.68.5.1850 Nambu, 1991, Movement-related activity of thalamic neurons with input from the globus pallidus and projection to the motor cortex in the monkey, Exp. Brain Res., 84, 279, 10.1007/BF00231447 Nambu, 2004, A new dynamic model of the cortico-basal ganglia loop, 461 Penney, 1981, GABA as the pallidothalamic neurotransmitter: implications for basal ganglia function, Brain Res., 207, 195, 10.1016/0006-8993(81)90693-4 DeVito, 1982, An autoradiographic study of efferent connections of the globus pallidus in Macaca mulatta, Exp. Brain Res., 46, 107, 10.1007/BF00238104 Hernandez-Martin, 2022, Increased movement-related signals in both basal ganglia and cerebellar output pathways in two children with dystonia, Front. Neurol., 13, 989340, 10.3389/fneur.2022.989340 Mink, 1996, The basal ganglia: focused selection and inhibition of competing motor programs, Prog. Neurobiol., 50, 381, 10.1016/S0301-0082(96)00042-1 Mink, 1993, Basal ganglia intrinsic circuits and their role in behavior, Curr. Opin. Neurobiol., 3, 950, 10.1016/0959-4388(93)90167-W Mink, 2003, The Basal Ganglia and involuntary movements: impaired inhibition of competing motor patterns, Arch. Neurol., 60, 1365, 10.1001/archneur.60.10.1365 Friston, 2007, Variational free energy and the Laplace approximation, Neuroimage, 34, 220, 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.08.035 Friston, 2006, A free energy principle for the brain, J. Physiol. Paris, 100, 70, 10.1016/j.jphysparis.2006.10.001 Rigoux, 2014, Bayesian model selection for group studies—revisited, Neuroimage, 84, 971, 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.08.065 Friston, 2011, Post hoc Bayesian model selection, Neuroimage, 56, 2089, 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.03.062 Schönecker, 2015, Postoperative MRI localisation of electrodes and clinical efficacy of pallidal deep brain stimulation in cervical dystonia, J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, 86, 833, 10.1136/jnnp-2014-308159 Starr, 2006, Microelectrode-guided implantation of deep brain stimulators into the globus pallidus internus for dystonia: techniques, electrode locations, and outcomes, J. Neurosurg., 104, 488, 10.3171/jns.2006.104.4.488 Cheung, 2014, Defining a therapeutic target for pallidal deep brain stimulation for dystonia, Ann. Neurol., 76, 22, 10.1002/ana.24187 Cif, 2012, Staged implantation of multiple electrodes in the internal globus pallidus in the treatment of primary generalized dystonia, J. Neurosurg., 116, 1144, 10.3171/2012.1.JNS102045 Moll, 2014, Asymmetric pallidal neuronal activity in patients with cervical dystonia, Front. Syst. Neurosci., 8, 15, 10.3389/fnsys.2014.00015 Geng, 2017, Comparison of oscillatory activity in subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson’s disease and dystonia, Neurobiol. Dis., 98, 100, 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.12.006 Marsden, 1994, The functions of the basal ganglia and the paradox of stereotaxic surgery in Parkinson’s disease, Brain, 117, 877, 10.1093/brain/117.4.877 Hernandez-Martin, 2021, High-fidelity transmission of high-frequency burst stimuli from peripheral nerve to thalamic nuclei in children with dystonia, Sci. Rep., 11, 8498, 10.1038/s41598-021-88114-w Niethammer, 2011, Hereditary dystonia as a neurodevelopmental circuit disorder: evidence from neuroimaging, Neurobiol. Dis., 42, 202, 10.1016/j.nbd.2010.10.010 Schwab, 2020, Neural activity during a simple reaching task in macaques is counter to gating and rebound in basal ganglia-thalamic communication, PLoS Biol., 18, e3000829, 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000829 Levy, 2002, Dependence of subthalamic nucleus oscillations on movement and dopamine in Parkinson’s disease, Brain, 125, 1196, 10.1093/brain/awf128 McClelland, 2016, Differences in globus pallidus neuronal firing rates and patterns relate to different disease biology in children with dystonia, J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, 87, 958, 10.1136/jnnp-2015-311803 Fonoff, 2012, Bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation for generalized dystonia after bilateral pallidotomy, Mov. Disord., 27, 1559, 10.1002/mds.25127 Sanger, 2003, Classification and definition of disorders causing hypertonia in childhood, Pediatrics, 111, e89, 10.1542/peds.111.1.e89 Hernandez-Martin, 2020, Evoked potentials during peripheral stimulation confirm electrode location in thalamic subnuclei in children with secondary dystonia, J. Child Neurol., 35, 799, 10.1177/0883073820931970 Avants, 2008, Symmetric diffeomorphic image registration with cross-correlation: Evaluating automated labeling of elderly and neurodegenerative brain, Med. Image Anal., 12, 26, 10.1016/j.media.2007.06.004 Husch, 2018, PaCER - a fully automated method for electrode trajectory and contact reconstruction in deep brain stimulation, Neuroimage. Clin., 17, 80, 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.10.004 Ewert, 2018, Toward defining deep brain stimulation targets in MNI space: a subcortical atlas based on multimodal MRI, histology and structural connectivity, Neuroimage, 170, 271, 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.05.015 Kasiri, 2023, Correlated activity in globus pallidus and thalamus during voluntary reaching movement in three children with primary dystonia, Dystonia, 2, 10.3389/dyst.2023.11117 Mallat, 1989, Multiresolution approximations and wavelet orthonormal bases of L2 (R), Trans. Am. Math. Soc., 315, 69 Neumann, 2015, Cortico-pallidal oscillatory connectivity in patients with dystonia, Brain, 138, 1894, 10.1093/brain/awv109 Moran, 2007, A neural mass model of spectral responses in electrophysiology, Neuroimage, 37, 706, 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.05.032