Global retinoblastoma survival and globe preservation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of associations with socioeconomic and health-care factors

Delhiwala, 2016, Retinoblastoma: an update, Semin Diagn Pathol, 33, 133, 10.1053/j.semdp.2015.10.007 Linn Murphree, 2005, Intraocular retinoblastoma: the case for a new group classification, Ophthalmol Clin North Am, 18, 41, 10.1016/j.ohc.2004.11.003 Shields, 2006, The International Classification of Retinoblastoma predicts chemoreduction success, Ophthalmology, 113, 2276, 10.1016/j.ophtha.2006.06.018 Shields, 1999, Recent developments in the management of retinoblastoma, J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus, 36, 8, 10.3928/0191-3913-19990101-04 Fabian, 2018, The management of retinoblastoma, Oncogene, 37, 1551, 10.1038/s41388-017-0050-x Ancona-Lezama, 2020, Modern treatment of retinoblastoma: a 2020 review, Indian J Ophthalmol, 68, 2356, 10.4103/ijo.IJO_721_20 Fabian, 2020, Global retinoblastoma presentation and analysis by national income level, JAMA Oncol, 6, 685, 10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.6716 Canturk, 2010, Survival of retinoblastoma in less-developed countries impact of socioeconomic and health-related indicators, Br J Ophthalmol, 94, 1432, 10.1136/bjo.2009.168062 Abramson, 2017, Metastatic deaths in retinoblastoma patients treated with intraarterial chemotherapy (ophthalmic artery chemosurgery) worldwide, Int J Retina Vitreous, 3, 40, 10.1186/s40942-017-0093-8 Beer Prydz Gatta, 2014, Childhood cancer survival in Europe 1999–2007: results of EUROCARE-5—a population-based study, Lancet Oncol, 15, 35, 10.1016/S1470-2045(13)70548-5 MacCarthy, 2006, Retinoblastoma incidence and survival in European children (1978–1997): report from the Automated Childhood Cancer Information System project, Eur J Cancer, 42, 2092, 10.1016/j.ejca.2006.06.003 Luna-Fineman, 2012, Improving retinoblastoma outcomes in low income countries: results from the AHOPCA II study in central America, Pediatr Blood Cancer, 59, 985 Gündüz, 2020, A 20-year audit of retinoblastoma treatment outcomes, Eye (Lond), 34, 1916, 10.1038/s41433-020-0898-9 Goolam, 2018, A 20-year retrospective review of retinoblastoma at two tertiary academic hospitals in Johannesburg, South Africa, Ocul Oncol Pathol, 4, 170, 10.1159/000481508 Frenkel, 2018, Advances in the treatment of retinoblastoma at Hadassah in the last three decades, Harefuah, 157, 149 Ghassemi, 2014, Characteristics of germline and non-germline retinoblastomas, J Ophthalmic Vis Res, 9, 188 Schindler, 2017, Childhood cancer survival in Switzerland (1976–2013): time-trends and predictors, Int J Cancer, 140, 62, 10.1002/ijc.30434 Stones, 2014, Childhood cancer survival rates in two South African units, S Afr Med J, 104, 501, 10.7196/SAMJ.7882 Navo, 2012, Clinical presentation of retinoblastoma in a middle-income country, J Pediatr Hematol Oncol, 34, e97, 10.1097/MPH.0b013e31821d18f9 Kim, 2008, Clinical results of chemotherapy-based treatment in retinoblastoma patients: a single center experience, Cancer Res Treat, 40, 164, 10.4143/crt.2008.40.4.164 Bai, 2011, Delay in the diagnosis of retinoblastoma in China, Acta Ophthalmol, 89, e72, 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2010.01930.x Rodrigues, 2004, Delayed diagnosis in retinoblastoma, J Pediatr (Rio J), 80, 511, 10.2223/1266 Reddy, 2012, Demographics, treatment, and outcome of retinoblastoma: a large series with protocol-based management, J Clin Oncol, 30 Kebudi, 2021, Epidemiology and survival of childhood cancer in Turkey, Pediatr Blood Cancer, 68, 10.1002/pbc.28754 Fernández Fastuca Dres, 2015, Evaluación de secuelas visuales y cosméticas del tratamiento conservador con terapia radiante externa en pacientes con retinoblastoma bilateral en el Hospital de Pediatría Garrahan, Med Infant, 22, 88 Frenkel, 2016, Genotype–phenotype correlation in the presentation of retinoblastoma among 149 patients, Exp Eye Res, 146, 313, 10.1016/j.exer.2016.04.002 Temming, 2016, How eye-preserving therapy affects long-term overall survival in heritable retinoblastoma survivors, J Clin Oncol, 34, 3183, 10.1200/JCO.2015.65.4012 Ljungman, 2011, Incidence and survival analyses in children with solid tumours diagnosed in Sweden between 1983 and 2007, Acta Paediatr, 100, 750, 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2010.02122.x Saw, 2000, Incidence and survival characteristics of retinoblastoma in Singapore from 1968–1995, J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus, 37, 87, 10.3928/0191-3913-20000301-07 Seregard, 2004, Incidence of retinoblastoma from 1958 to 1998 in Northern Europe: advantages of birth cohort analysis, Ophthalmology, 111, 1228, 10.1016/j.ophtha.2003.10.023 Tulla, 2015, Incidence, trends, and survival of children with embryonal tumors, Pediatrics, 136, e623, 10.1542/peds.2015-0224 Wongmas, 2015, Incidences, trends and long term outcomes of retinoblastoma in three cancer registries, Thailand, Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 16, 6899, 10.7314/APJCP.2015.16.16.6899 El-Hayek, 2003, Pediatric oncology in the United Arab Emirates: the Tawam hospital experience, Med Pediatr Oncol, 41, 486, 10.1002/mpo.10391 Seth, 2017, Long-term follow-up of retinoblastoma survivors: experience from India, South Asian J Cancer, 6, 176, 10.4103/sajc.sajc_179_16 Mallipatna, 2009, Management and outcome of unilateral retinoblastoma, J AAPOS, 13, 546, 10.1016/j.jaapos.2009.09.004 Orman, 2014, The modern role of radiation therapy in treating advanced-stage retinoblastoma: long-term outcomes and racial differences, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 90, 1037, 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.08.336 2018, The National Registry of Retinoblastoma in Japan (1983–2014), Jpn J Ophthalmol, 62, 409, 10.1007/s10384-018-0597-2 Verma, 1999, Orbital malignancy in Papua New Guinea: a 21 year review, Aust N Z J Ophthalmol, 27, 27, 10.1046/j.1440-1606.1999.00156.x Bosaleh, 2012, Outcome of children with retinoblastoma and isolated choroidal invasion, Arch Ophthalmol, 130, 724, 10.1001/archophthalmol.2012.567 Bas, 2021, Outcomes of intravenous chemotherapy (chemoreduction) for retinoblastoma based on patient age in 964 eyes of 554 patients, Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila), 10, 373, 10.1097/APO.0000000000000360 Babatunde, 2015, Pattern of childhood cancer in University College Hospital, Ibadan during 1991–2010 and comparison with the previous three decades, Paediatr Int Child Health, 35, 144, 10.1179/2046905514Y.0000000132 Kebudi, 2020, Pediatric blood and cancer epidemiology and survival of childhood cancer in Turkey, Pediatr Blood Cancer, 68 Shields, 2001, Plaque radiotherapy for retinoblastoma: long-term tumor control and treatment complications in 208 tumors, Ophthalmology, 108, 2116, 10.1016/S0161-6420(01)00797-7 Abramson, 1998, Presenting signs of retinoblastoma, J Pediatr, 132, 505, 10.1016/S0022-3476(98)70028-9 Palazzi, 2013, Retinoblastoma diagnosis: a proposal based on the experience of Centro Infantil Boldrini, Brazil, Pediatr Hematol Oncol, 30, 379, 10.3109/08880018.2013.775201 Selistre, 2016, Retinoblastoma in a pediatric oncology reference center in Southern Brazil, BMC Pediatr, 16, 48, 10.1186/s12887-016-0579-9 Nummi, 2021, Retinoblastoma in Finland, 1964–2014: incidence and survival, Br J Ophthalmol, 105, 63, 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2019-315744 Traboulsi, 1986, Retinoblastoma in Lebanon, Ophthalmic Paediatr Genet, 7, 29, 10.3109/13816818609058039 Chuluunbat, 2016, Retinoblastoma in Mongolia: clinical characteristics and survival from 1987 to 2014, Taiwan J Ophthalmol, 6, 79, 10.1016/j.tjo.2016.04.004 Azar, 2006, Retinoblastoma in New South Wales 1975 to 2001, J Pediatr Hematol Oncol, 28, 642, 10.1097/01.mph.0000212983.51867.46 Pedram, 2015, Retinoblastoma in southwest Iran, IJBC, 7, 143 Chang, 2006, Retinoblastoma in Taiwan: survival rate and prognostic factors, Jpn J Ophthalmol, 50, 242, 10.1007/s10384-005-0320-y Kazadi Lukusa, 2012, Retinoblastoma in the Democratic Republic of Congo: 20-year review from a tertiary hospital in Kinshasa, J Cancer Epidemiol, 2012, 10.1155/2012/920468 Günalp, 1996, Retinoblastoma in Turkey: diagnosis and clinical characteristics, Ophthalmic Genet, 17, 21, 10.3109/13816819609057865 Ozkan, 2006, Retinoblastoma in Turkey: survival and clinical characteristics 1981–2004, Pediatr Int, 48, 369, 10.1111/j.1442-200X.2006.02223.x Mouratova, 2003, Retinoblastoma in Uzbekistan, Bull Soc Belge Ophtalmol, 289, 63 Sukumaran, 1991, Retinoblastoma—a 20 year review from the University Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Med J Malaysia, 46, 129 Sovinz, 2006, Retinoblastoma: a proposal for a multimodal treatment concept for intraocular retinoblastoma in Austria, Wien Klin Wochenschr, 118, 22, 10.1007/s00508-005-0503-z Kabre, 2019, Retinoblastoma: a retrospective analysis of 141 patients from 1983 to 2013 at a tertiary care hospital in Nagpur, India, South Asian J Cancer, 8, 195, 10.4103/sajc.sajc_314_18 da Rocha-Bastos, 2014, Retinoblastoma: experience of a referral center in the North region of Portugal, Clin Ophthalmol, 8, 993, 10.2147/OPTH.S59601 Arif, 2010, Retinoblastoma: postenucleation orbital recurrence, Can J Ophthalmol, 45, 606, 10.3129/i10-059 Saakyan, 2019, Retinopathy in young retinoblastoma patients receiving a chemotherapy treatment: clinical trials and morphometric analysis, Ophthalmic Genet, 40, 521, 10.1080/13816810.2019.1711427 Yang, 2008, Review of 20 years' clinical experience with retinoblastomas in southern Taiwan, Chang Gung Med J, 31, 484 Suzuki, 2011, Selective ophthalmic arterial injection therapy for intraocular retinoblastoma: the long-term prognosis, Ophthalmology, 118, 2081, 10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.03.013 Wallach, 2006, Shorter time to diagnosis and improved stage at presentation in Swiss patients with retinoblastoma treated from 1963 to 2004, Pediatrics, 118, e1493, 10.1542/peds.2006-0784 Ueda, 2020, Survival and ocular preservation in a long-term cohort of Japanese patients with retinoblastoma, BMC Pediatr, 20, 37, 10.1186/s12887-020-1923-7 Joko-Fru, 2018, Survival from childhood cancers in Eastern Africa: a population-based registry study, Int J Cancer, 143, 2409, 10.1002/ijc.31723 Asencio-López, 2015, Treating retinoblastoma in the first year of life in a national tertiary paediatric hospital in Mexico, Acta Paediatr, 104, e384, 10.1111/apa.13033 Olteanu, 2016, Enucleation refusal for retinoblastoma: a global study, Ophthalmic Genet, 37, 137, 10.3109/13816810.2014.937543 Fabian, 2020, Global retinoblastoma presentation and analysis by national income level, JAMA Oncol, 6, 685, 10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.6716 Abramson, 2015, Advanced unilateral retinoblastoma: the impact of ophthalmic artery chemosurgery on enucleation rate and patient survival at MSKCC, PLoS One, 10, 10.1371/journal.pone.0145436 Wong, 2020, Retinoblastoma in Hong Kong from 2008 to 2019: looking back and moving forward, Hong Kong J Ophthalmol, 24, 6, 10.12809/hkjo-v24n1-270 Hill, 2016, Achieving optimal cancer outcomes in East Africa through multidisciplinary partnership: a case study of the Kenyan National Retinoblastoma Strategy group, Global Health, 12, 23, 10.1186/s12992-016-0160-1 Mndeme, 2018, Red reflex examination in reproductive and child health clinics for early detection of paediatric cataract/ocular media disorders: evidence from Kilimanjaro, Tanzania, J AAPOS, 22, e4, 10.1016/j.jaapos.2018.07.006 Wilimas, 2009, Development of retinoblastoma programs in central America, Pediatr Blood Cancer, 53, 42, 10.1002/pbc.21984 Chaugule, 2019 Tomar, 2020, A multicenter, international collaborative study for American Joint Committee on Cancer staging of retinoblastoma, part I: metastasis-associated mortality, Ophthalmology, 127, 1719, 10.1016/j.ophtha.2020.05.050 Hussain, 2019, Prevalence of childhood ocular morbidity in a peri-urban setting in Bangladesh: a community-based study, Public Health, 170, 103, 10.1016/j.puhe.2019.02.026 Leander, 2007, Impact of an education program on late diagnosis of retinoblastoma in Honduras, Pediatr Blood Cancer, 49, 817, 10.1002/pbc.21052 Vasudevan, 2020, Using digital health to facilitate compliance with standardized pediatric cancer treatment guidelines in Tanzania: protocol for an early-stage effectiveness-implementation hybrid study, BMC Cancer, 20, 254, 10.1186/s12885-020-6611-3 Khedekar, 2019, Smartphone-based application improves the detection of retinoblastoma, Eye (Lond), 33, 896, 10.1038/s41433-018-0333-7 Munson, 2019, Autonomous early detection of eye disease in childhood photographs, Sci Adv, 5, 10.1126/sciadv.aax6363 Su, 2006, Retinoblastoma in Taiwan: the effect of a government-sponsored national health insurance program on the treatment and survival of patients with retinoblastoma, J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus, 43, 358, 10.3928/01913913-20061101-06 Rodriguez-Galindo, 2008, Retinoblastoma: one world, one vision, Pediatrics, 122, e763, 10.1542/peds.2008-0518 Flegg, 2020, The top 10 retinoblastoma research priorities in Canada as determined by patients, clinicians and researchers: a patient-oriented priority-setting partnership, CMAJ Open, 8, E420, 10.9778/cmajo.20190221 Burton, 2021, The Lancet Global Health Commission on Global Eye Health: vision beyond 2020, Lancet Glob Health, 9, e489, 10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30488-5 Tomar, 2020, A multicenter, international collaborative study for American Joint Committee on Cancer staging of retinoblastoma, part II: treatment success and globe salvage, Ophthalmology, 127, 1733, 10.1016/j.ophtha.2020.05.051 Tomar, 2021, Global retinoblastoma treatment outcomes: association with national income level, Ophthalmology, 128, 740, 10.1016/j.ophtha.2020.09.032 Tomar, 2021, Retinoblastoma seeds: impact on American Joint Committee on Cancer clinical staging, Br J Ophthalmol, 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2021-318892