Global patterns in excess body weight and the associated cancer burden

Ca-A Cancer Journal for Clinicians - Tập 69 Số 2 - Trang 88-112 - 2019
Hyuna Sung1, Rebecca L. Siegel2, Lindsey A. Torre3, Jonathan Pearson‐Stuttard4, Farhad Islami2, Stacey A. Fedewa5, Ann Goding Sauer6, Kerem Shuval7, Susan M. Gapstur8, Eric J. Jacobs9, Edward L. Giovannucci10, Ahmedin Jemal11
1Principal Scientist, Surveillance and Health Services Research American Cancer Society Atlanta GA
2Scientific Director, Scientist Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA
3Scientist, Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society, Scientist, Atlanta, GA
4Academic Clinical Fellow, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
5Senior Principal Scientist, Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA
6Senior Associate Scientist, Surveillance and Health Services Research American Cancer Society Atlanta GA
7Senior Principal Scientist, Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Economic and Health Policy Research Program, Atlanta, GA
8Senior Vice President, Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA
9Senior Scientific Director, Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA
10Professor, Departments of Epidemiology and Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
11Scientific Vice President Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society Atlanta GA

Tóm tắt

AbstractThe prevalence of excess body weight and the associated cancer burden have been rising over the past several decades globally. Between 1975 and 2016, the prevalence of excess body weight in adults—defined as a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2—increased from nearly 21% in men and 24% in women to approximately 40% in both sexes. Notably, the prevalence of obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) quadrupled in men, from 3% to 12%, and more than doubled in women, from 7% to 16%. This change, combined with population growth, resulted in a more than 6‐fold increase in the number of obese adults, from 100 to 671 million. The largest absolute increase in obesity occurred among men and boys in high‐income Western countries and among women and girls in Central Asia, the Middle East, and North Africa. The simultaneous rise in excess body weight in almost all countries is thought to be driven largely by changes in the global food system, which promotes energy‐dense, nutrient‐poor foods, alongside reduced opportunities for physical activity. In 2012, excess body weight accounted for approximately 3.9% of all cancers (544,300 cases) with proportion varying from less than 1% in low‐income countries to 7% or 8% in some high‐income Western countries and in Middle Eastern and Northern African countries. The attributable burden by sex was higher for women (368,500 cases) than for men (175,800 cases). Given the pandemic proportion of excess body weight in high‐income countries and the increasing prevalence in low‐ and middle‐income countries, the global cancer burden attributable to this condition is likely to increase in the future. There is emerging consensus on opportunities for obesity control through the multisectoral coordinated implementation of core policy actions to promote an environment conducive to a healthy diet and active living. The rapid increase in both the prevalence of excess body weight and the associated cancer burden highlights the need for a rejuvenated focus on identifying, implementing, and evaluating interventions to prevent and control excess body weight.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

2018 World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland World Health Organization Obesity and Overweight Fact Sheet

10.1056/NEJMoa1614362

2014 McKinsey Global Institute New York R Dobbs C Sawers F Thompson Overcoming Obesity: An Initial Economic Analysis

10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32129-3

10.1007/s40273-014-0243-x

10.1056/NEJMsr1606602

World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research. Continuous Update Project Report 2018. Body Fatness and Weight Gain and the Risk of Cancer.London UK:World Cancer Research Fund International;2018.wcrf.org/sites/default/files/Body-fatness-and-weight-gain.pdf. Accessed July 1 2018.

10.1016/S2213-8587(18)30150-5

10.1002/ijc.30248

10.2471/BLT.07.043497

2018 Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Boston MA Obesity Prevention Source T.H Harvard Chan School of Public Health. Defining Childhood Obesity

10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011904

10.1111/j.2047-6310.2012.00068.x

10.1136/bmj.321.7269.1158

Willett WC, 1993, Nutritional Epidemiology, 213

10.1249/01.mss.0000247008.19127.3e

10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195312911.003.0005

10.1038/ijo.2015.219

10.1093/ajcn/86.2.353

10.1016/S0140-6736(03)15268-3

10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.635011

10.7326/M16-1895

10.1001/jama.2009.726

10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-15-2239

10.1186/s13058-016-0791-4

10.1038/nrgastro.2013.183

10.3748/wjg.v16.i16.1993

10.1038/ctg.2014.5

10.1038/nrc3967

10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.110.956706

2018 UK BioBank Stockport UK UK BioBank Imaging Data

10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60813-1

10.1111/j.1467-789X.2008.00524.x

10.1111/j.1467-789X.2010.00810.x

10.1371/journal.pone.0178928

Smith N, 2012, The Atlantic

10.1079/PHN2001294

SenauerB GemmaM. Why Is the Obesity Rate So Low in Japan and High in the US? Some Possible Economic Explanations. Working Paper 06–02.St Paul MN:The Food Industry Center University of Minnesota;2006.ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/14321/files/tr06-02s.pdf?version=1. Accessed July 1 2018.

10.1016/S2468-2667(18)30021-5

10.1016/S2542-5196(18)30170-0

10.3945/ajcn.2009.28595

10.1017/S0007114510005076

10.1053/jada.2003.50027

10.1093/ajcn/79.4.537

10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30960-6

10.1093/jnci/djy091

10.1111/j.1467-789X.2011.00982.x

10.1038/35007508

10.1136/jech.2004.028795

10.1017/S002193201100071X

2017 Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development Paris France Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) OECD Obesity Update 2017

LoringB RobertsonA. Obesity and Inequities. Guidance for Addressing Inequities in Overweight and Obesity (2014).Copenhagen Denmark:World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe;2014.euro.who.int/en/publications/abstracts/obesity-and-inequities.-guidance-for-addressing-inequities-in-overweight-and-obesity-2014. Accessed July 1 2018.

2007 European Commission Brussels Belgium A Robertson T Lobstein C Knai Obesity and Socio‐Economic Groups in Europe: Evidence Review and Implications for Action

Hwalla N, 2017, Energy Balance and Obesity. IARC Working Group Reports, 57

10.1017/S0021932003006412

Mavoa HM, 2008, Sociocultural factors relating to Tongans' and indigenous Fijians' patterns of eating, physical activity and body size, Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 17, 375

10.1001/jama.2017.18947

10.1017/BJN20061921

10.1371/journal.pone.0083543

10.12816/0006074

10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.969022

10.1093/epirev/mxm009

10.1038/oby.2002.38

10.1016/j.amepre.2009.01.031

10.3322/caac.21394

2018 European Cyclists’ Federation Brussels Belgium European Cyclists’ Federation National Cycling Policies

10.1371/journal.pone.0121871

Pucher J, 2007, At the frontiers of cycling: policy innovations in the Netherlands, Denmark, and Germany, World Transport Policy Pract, 13, 8

10.1056/NEJM199005243222102

10.1371/journal.pgen.1003520

10.1016/j.numecd.2010.09.007

10.1038/nature14177

10.1038/ng.3620

10.1038/nrendo.2016.131

10.1016/S1470-2045(14)71123-4

2016 World Cancer Research Fund International London UK World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research Continuous Update Project Report 2018. Diet Nutrition Physical Activity and Breast Cancer

10.1093/jnci/djv088

10.1002/ijc.30627

10.1002/ijc.29331

10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-14-0909-T

10.1093/annonc/mdu563

10.1111/j.1440-1746.2007.05125.x

10.1111/obr.12286

10.1007/s10552-016-0831-5

10.1200/JCO.2012.48.2596

10.1093/annonc/mdv142

10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-10-0832

2016 World Cancer Research Fund International London UK World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research Continuous Update Project Report 2016: Diet Nutrition Physical Activity and Oesophageal Cancer

10.1016/B978-0-12-800945-1.00034-3

10.1212/WNL.0000000000002020

10.1371/journal.pone.0136974

10.1016/j.ejca.2011.01.020

10.1038/s41416-018-0010-4

10.1371/journal.pmed.1001200

10.1530/ERC-12-0395

10.1002/ijc.25794

10.1093/annonc/mdv355

10.1136/gutjnl-2014-308915

10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-13-0042

10.1093/jjco/hyu082

10.1089/thy.2015.0319

10.1093/ije/dyv059

10.1007/s10552-013-0291-0

10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60892-8

10.1002/ijc.28185

10.1093/jnci/djs179

10.1002/cncr.26455

10.1200/JCO.2016.67.6916

10.1093/ajcn/87.4.801

10.1097/00001648-200205000-00006

10.1038/oby.2005.177

10.1016/S2213-8587(15)00316-2

10.1093/ije/dyw129

10.1093/annonc/mdr494

10.1016/S2213-8587(17)30396-0

Keum N, 2017, Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, 351

10.1093/epirev/mxx004

10.1002/ijc.31100

10.1002/cncr.30819

10.1002/ijc.29427

10.1038/bjc.2012.229

10.1002/ijc.24718

10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60269-X

10.1056/NEJMoa021423

10.1200/JCO.2016.67.9712

10.1152/physrev.00030.2014

10.1016/S0140-6736(04)16044-3

10.1016/S1470-2045(11)70154-1

10.1093/jnci/djx012

10.1093/jnci/djv178

10.2337/dc10-0666

10.1016/j.tem.2011.10.003

10.1093/jnci/djg022

10.1016/j.eururo.2012.11.013

10.1016/j.mce.2011.12.017

10.1093/epirev/mxm006

10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-04-0371

10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-05-0633

10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-12-0140

10.1006/bbrc.2001.6307

10.1111/cen.12667

10.1210/er.2011-1015

10.1371/journal.pone.0073183

10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2015.0092

10.1093/carcin/bgs322

Milic S, 2014, Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and obesity: biochemical, metabolic and clinical presentations, World J Gastroenterol, 20, 9330

10.1056/NEJMoa054391

10.1001/jama.2013.226450

10.1056/NEJM198908313210902

10.1016/j.bbcan.2016.03.004

10.1371/journal.pone.0169173

10.1111/j.1467-789X.2012.01010.x

10.1002/oby.20967

10.1016/S1470-2045(09)70159-7

10.1016/j.soard.2008.08.025

10.1038/oby.2008.610

10.1038/sj.ijo.0802437

10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117386

10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009843

10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-16-0439

10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-12-0485

10.1007/s10549-012-2073-x

10.1093/annonc/mdu042

10.1007/s10549-010-0990-0

10.1200/JCO.2016.68.4480

10.1093/ije/dyx131

10.1200/JCO.2005.01.079

10.1093/jnci/djv275

10.1007/s10549-009-0708-3

10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-16-0150

10.1001/jamaoncol.2018.0137

10.3892/ol.2014.2841

10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-10-0229

10.1371/journal.pone.0120706

10.1007/s10552-014-0450-y

10.1001/jamaoncol.2016.0732

10.1016/j.cgh.2015.09.036

10.1186/1757-2215-7-41

10.1038/bjc.2015.245

10.1007/s10552-015-0635-z

10.1002/ijc.27639

10.1093/jnci/djt310

2013 World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland World Health Organization Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases 2013–2020

10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60163-5

10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61744-X

2017 World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland World Health Organization Tackling NCDs: “Best Buys” and Other Recommended Interventions for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases

10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60815-5

10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61745-1

2018 World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland World Health Organization Governance: Development of a Draft Global Action Plan to Promote Physical Activity 2018–2030

10.1186/1743-8462-5-12

10.1111/j.1467-789X.2005.00184.x

Thông tin
Thông tin xuất bản

Ca-A Cancer Journal for Clinicians

Tập 69 Số 2

88-112

Thông tin tác giả