Global fire emissions estimates during 1997–2016

Earth System Science Data - Tập 9 Số 2 - Trang 697-720
Guido R. van der Werf1, James T. Randerson2, Louis Giglio3, T. T. van Leeuwen4,5, Yang Chen2, Brendan M. Rogers6, M. Mu2, Margreet van Marle1,7, Douglas C. Morton8, G. J. Collatz8, R. J. Yokelson9, P. S. Kasibhatla10
1Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
2Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
3Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, MD 20742, USA
4SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research 3584 CA Utrecht, The Netherlands
5now at: VanderSat BV, 2011 VK, Haarlem, the Netherlands
6Woods Hole Research Center, Falmouth, MA 02540, USA
7now at: Deltares, 2629 HV, Delft, the Netherlands
8Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
9Department of Chemistry, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812 USA
10Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA

Tóm tắt

Abstract. Climate, land use, and other anthropogenic and natural drivers have the potential to influence fire dynamics in many regions. To develop a mechanistic understanding of the changing role of these drivers and their impact on atmospheric composition, long-term fire records are needed that fuse information from different satellite and in situ data streams. Here we describe the fourth version of the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED) and quantify global fire emissions patterns during 1997–2016. The modeling system, based on the Carnegie–Ames–Stanford Approach (CASA) biogeochemical model, has several modifications from the previous version and uses higher quality input datasets. Significant upgrades include (1) new burned area estimates with contributions from small fires, (2) a revised fuel consumption parameterization optimized using field observations, (3) modifications that improve the representation of fuel consumption in frequently burning landscapes, and (4) fire severity estimates that better represent continental differences in burning processes across boreal regions of North America and Eurasia. The new version has a higher spatial resolution (0.25°) and uses a different set of emission factors that separately resolves trace gas and aerosol emissions from temperate and boreal forest ecosystems. Global mean carbon emissions using the burned area dataset with small fires (GFED4s) were 2.2  ×  1015 grams of carbon per year (Pg C yr−1) during 1997–2016, with a maximum in 1997 (3.0 Pg C yr−1) and minimum in 2013 (1.8 Pg C yr−1). These estimates were 11 % higher than our previous estimates (GFED3) during 1997–2011, when the two datasets overlapped. This net increase was the result of a substantial increase in burned area (37 %), mostly due to the inclusion of small fires, and a modest decrease in mean fuel consumption (−19 %) to better match estimates from field studies, primarily in savannas and grasslands. For trace gas and aerosol emissions, differences between GFED4s and GFED3 were often larger due to the use of revised emission factors. If small fire burned area was excluded (GFED4 without the s for small fires), average emissions were 1.5 Pg C yr−1. The addition of small fires had the largest impact on emissions in temperate North America, Central America, Europe, and temperate Asia. This small fire layer carries substantial uncertainties; improving these estimates will require use of new burned area products derived from high-resolution satellite imagery. Our revised dataset provides an internally consistent set of burned area and emissions that may contribute to a better understanding of multi-decadal changes in fire dynamics and their impact on the Earth system. GFED data are available from http://www.globalfiredata.org.

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