Global energy consumption due to friction and wear in the mining industry

Alahelisten, 1995, Abrasion of hot flame-deposited diamond coatings, Wear, 185, 213, 10.1016/0043-1648(95)06618-7

Al-Azizi, 2013, Effects of nanoscale surface texture and lubricant molecular structure on boundary lubrication in liquid, Langmuir, 29, 13419, 10.1021/la402574d

Albanese, 2011, Future trends in mining, 21

Aldrich, 2013, Consumption of steel grinding media in mills – a review, Miner Eng, 49, 77, 10.1016/j.mineng.2013.04.023

Allebert, 2015, Wear on overlay welded HCWI vs. quenched and tempered low alloyed carbon steel evaluated with granite in a laboratory drum test machine, Wear, 330–331, 364, 10.1016/j.wear.2015.02.059

Amann, 2010, Ultralow friction of mesogenic fluid mixtures in tribological reciprocating systems, Tribol Lett, 37, 343, 10.1007/s11249-009-9527-2

Andersson, 2007, Microlubrication effect by laser-textured steel surfaces, Wear, 262, 369, 10.1016/j.wear.2006.06.003

Barros Bouchet, 2010, The future of boundary lubrication by carbon coatings and environmentally friendly additives, 598

Batterham, 2092007, Energy and climate change – challenges and opportunities for the mining industry

Berkhimer, 2011, Selection and sizing of excavation, loading, and hauling equipment, 931

Berns, 2003, Comparison of wear resistant MMC and white cast iron, Wear, 254, 47, 10.1016/S0043-1648(02)00300-9

Beste, 2004

Bhushan, 1999

Blackwell, 1999, Estimation of large open pit haulage truck requirements, Cim Bull, 92, 143

Blau, 2009

Board of govenors of the Federal Resreve System, 20112015

Bohnet, 2011, Comparison of surface mining methods, 405

Bosman, 2010, On the transition form mild to severe wear of lubricated, concentrated contacts: the IRG (OECD) transition diagram, Wear, 269, 581, 10.1016/j.wear.2010.06.005

Bosman, 2011, Mild wear prediction of boundary-lubricated contacts, Tribol Lett, 42, 169, 10.1007/s11249-011-9760-3

BP Statistcal Review of World Energy 2014, [Online] Available: http://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp-country/de_de/PDFs/brochures/BP-statistical-review-of-world-energy-2014-full-report.pdf 22.9.2016.

Brannon, 2011, Block caving, 1437

Brown, 2011, 1031

Brazilian Energy Balance 2014. Ministry of Mines and Energy, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2014.

2012

Busca, 2010, Mechanical properties of rubber – an overview, Bull Transilvania Univ Brasov, Ser I Eng Sci, 3, 52

Busfield, 2011, Soft-rock equipment selection and sizing, 1157

Canter, 2009, BAM: antiwear and friction-reducing coating, Tribol Lubr Technol March, 14

Carter, 2011, Selection process for hard-rock mining, 357

Carter, 2007, Maximizing mining tire life, WOMP E-Mining J E&MJ Eng Min J, 5

Castro, 2014, Comparative of the tribological performance of hydraulic cylinders coated by the process of thermal spray HVOF and hard chorme plating, Tribol Industry, 36, 79

2015

Chattopadhyay, 2001

Chadwick, 1992, 92

Chang, 2012, Composite materials, vol. 2

Chen, 2015, Friction and wear behaviour of in-situ transformed Cf/Al3O3 composite under different lubrication conditions, Wear, 332–333, 918, 10.1016/j.wear.2015.01.006

Choo, 2007, Influence of organic friction modifier on liquid slip: a new mechanism of organic friction modifier action, Tribol Lett, 27, 239, 10.1007/s11249-007-9231-z

Clark, 2001, Assessment of the erosion resistance of steels used for slurry handling and transport in mineral processing applications, Wear, 250, 32, 10.1016/S0043-1648(01)00628-7

Coal Age, Leveraging Lubrication, 2015. http://www.coalage.com/features/3232-leveraging-lubrication.html/10.12.2015.

Cohen, 1983, Energy usage in mineral processing, Trans Instn Min Metall, Sect C Mineral Process Extr Metall, 92, C160

Cook, 2010, Analysis of wear mechanisms in low-friction AlMgB14-TiB2 coatings, Surf Coatings Technol, 205, 2296, 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2010.09.007

Cranta Design – CES Selector 2015, https://www.grantadesign.com/products/ces/1.9.2015.

Curry DC, Clermont B, Improving the efficiency of fine grinding – Developments in ceramic media technology. http://www.isamill.com/EN/Downloads/Downloaded%20Technical%20Papers/Improving_The_Efficiency_Of_Fine_Grinding-_Developments_.pdf/19.8.2016.

Cuthbert J, Gangopadhyay A, Elie L, Liu Z, Mcwatt D, Hock ED, Erdemir A, Engine Friction and Wear Performances with Polyalkylene Glycol Engine Oils, SAE Technical Paper 2016-01-2271.

Darestani Farahani, 2006, Mechanical and viscoelastic properties of natural rubber/reclaimed rubber blends, Polym Bull, 56, 495, 10.1007/s00289-006-0508-4

2011

Darling, 2011, Mining: ancient, modern and beyond, 3

2001

2004

Doll, 2011, Life-limiting wear of wind turbine bearings: root cause and solutions

Doll, 2012, Wear coatings and treatments, vol. 2

Dommarco, 2001, The use of ductile iron for wheel loader bucket tips, Wear, 249, 101, 10.1016/S0043-1648(01)00531-2

Donnet, 2004, Historical developments and new trends in tribological and solid lubricant coatings, Surf Coatings Technol, 180–181, 76, 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2003.10.022

Donnet, 2008

Durman, 1988, Progress in abrasion-resistant materials for use in comminution processes. Int, J Min. Process, 22, 381, 10.1016/0301-7516(88)90074-9

152005

Element Six, 2006, 1

Enomoto, 1998, New materials in automotive tribology, Tribol Lett, 5, 13, 10.1023/A:1019100531912

Erdakov, 2014, Increase of wear resistance of steel plates for crushing stations, J Frict Wear, 35, 739

Erdemir, 2005, Engineered tribological interfaces for improved boundary lubrication, Tribol Int, 38, 249, 10.1016/j.triboint.2004.08.008

Erdemir, 2006, Tribology of diamondlike carbon films: current status and future prospects. Topical review, J Phys D Appl Phys, 39, R311, 10.1088/0022-3727/39/18/R01

Erdemir, 2015, Energy consumption due to friction in motored vehicles and low-friction coatings to reduce it, 1

Erdemir, 2016, Carbon-based tribofilms from lubricating oils, Nature, 536, 67, 10.1038/nature18948

Errath, 2011, Electric power distribution, 683

Etsion, 2012, Surface texturing, vol. 2

Etsion, 2009, Improving fuel efficiency with laser surface textured piston rings, Tribol Int, 42, 542, 10.1016/j.triboint.2008.02.015

Farley, 2010, Performance evaluation of multilayer thin film coatings under mixed rolling-sliding contact conditions, Wear, 268, 269, 10.1016/j.wear.2009.08.001

Finnie, 1995, Some reflection on the past and future of erosion, Wear, 186–187, 1, 10.1016/0043-1648(95)07188-1

Flitney, 2012, Lip seals, vol. 1

Flintoff, 2011, Classification by screens and cyclones, 1481

FIMECC, 2014

Fuerstenau, 2002, The energy efficiency of ball milling in comminution, Int J Min. Process, 67, 161, 10.1016/S0301-7516(02)00039-X

Ge, 2015, Conductive grease synthesized using nanometer ATO as an additive, Friction, 3, 56, 10.1007/s40544-015-0073-7

Gerard, 2006, Application of thermal spraying in the automotive industry, Surf Coatings Technol, 201, 2028, 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2006.04.050

2007

Glaeser, 2012, Wear materials, vol. 2

Green, 2011

Gåhlin, 2001, ME-C: H coatings in motor vehicles, Wear, 249, 302, 10.1016/S0043-1648(01)00565-8

Han, 2012, Erosion resistance of bionic functional surfaces inspired from desert scorpions, Langmuir, 28, 2914, 10.1021/la203942r

Han, 2013, Active anti-erosion protection strategy in tamarisk (tamarix aphylla), Sci Rep, 1

Han, 2013, Erosion-resistant surfaces inspired by Tamarisk, J Bionic Eng, 10, 479

Han, 2017, The effect of the micro-structure on the scorpion surface for improving the anti-erosion performance, Surf Coatings Technol, 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2017.01.061

Halin, 372013, Ventilation requirement for “Electric” underground hard rock mines – a conceptual study, 215

Hawk, 2001, Tribology of earthmoving mining and minerals processing, vols. 1–2

1999

Herbst, 2004, A microscale look at tumbling mill scale-up using high fidelity simulation. Int, J Min Process, 74S, S299, 10.1016/j.minpro.2004.07.026

Hodouin, 2001, State of the art and challenges in mineral processing control - Review, Control Eng Pract, 9, 995, 10.1016/S0967-0661(01)00088-0

Holmberg, 2005, Tribological analysis of fracture conditions in thin surface coatings by 3D FEM modelling and stress simulations, Tribol Int, 38, 1035, 10.1016/j.triboint.2005.07.028

Holmberg, 2007, Tribological analysis of TiN and DLC coated contacts by 3D FEM modelling and stress simulation, Wear, 264, 877, 10.1016/j.wear.2006.12.084

Holmberg, 2009

Holmberg, 2012, Global energy consumption due to friction in passenger cars, Tribol Int, 47, 221, 10.1016/j.triboint.2011.11.022

Holmberg, 2012, Wear models, 1

Holmberg, 2013, Global energy consumption due to friction in paper machines, Tribol Int, 62, 58, 10.1016/j.triboint.2013.02.003

Holmberg, 2014, Global energy consumption due to friction in trucks and buses, Tribol Int, 78, 94, 10.1016/j.triboint.2014.05.004

Holmberg, 2014, Global impact of friction on energy use in transportation and industry

Holmberg, 2014, Computational modelling based wear resistance analysis of thick composite coatings, Tribol Int, 72, 13, 10.1016/j.triboint.2013.12.001

Holmberg, 2014, Wear resistance optimisation of composite coatings by computational microstructural modelling and simulation, Surf Coatings Technol, 247, 1, 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2014.02.019

Hooper, 2011, Compressed air, 705

Humphrey, 2011, Mechanical extraction, loading, and hauling, 903

Hämäläinen, 2013, Optimized crushing chamber, Results Min. Aggregates, 1, 16

Härkisaari, 2015, 77

IBRAM Brazilian Mining Assosiation. Privat communication based on information available on web at http://www.revistaminerios.com.br/Edicoes/269/Outubro_2013.aspx, 19.10.2015.

IEA, 2007, Tracking industrial energy efficiency and CO2 emissions

IEA International Energy Agency, 2013

IEA, 2013

IEA International Energy Agency ”Key World Energy Statistics 2015”, 2016 [Online] Available: https://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/KeyWorld_Statistics_2015.pdf, 22.1.2016.

2003

Ishida, 1192009, Effect of micro dimples on frictional properties in boundary lubrication condition

Ioannides, 1989, Dirty lubricants – reduced bearing life, Ball Bear J Special, 22

Ioannides, 2012, Lubrication of rolling element bearings, vol. 2

Jacobson, 2012, Coatings and surface treatments: interactions with lubricants, vol. 2

Jahanmir, 2012, Wear and lubrication of ceramics, vol. 2

Jansen, 2008, The development of energy-optimized conveyor belts, World Min – Surf Undergr, 60, 83

Johansson, 2012, A surface engineering approach to reduction of frictional losses of heavy duty diesel engines (PhD Thesis). Dept

Jones, 2011, Low angle scouring erosion behaviour of elastomeric materials, Wear, 271, 1411, 10.1016/j.wear.2010.12.057

Jungedal, 9112012

Kalin, 2012, Mechanisms and improvements in the friction and wear behaviour using MoS2 nanotubes as potential oil additives, Wear, 280–281, 36, 10.1016/j.wear.2012.01.011

Kalin, 2013, Nanoparticles as novel lubricating additives in a green, physically based lubrication technology for DLC coatings, Wear, 303, 480, 10.1016/j.wear.2013.03.009

Kano, 2006, DLC coating technology applied to sliding parts of automotive engine, New Diam Front Carbon Technol, 16, 201

Kartal, 2010, Influence of process duration on structure and chemistry of borided low carbon steel, Surf Coatings Technol, 205, 1578, 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2010.08.050

Kawatra, 2011, Fundamental principles of floatation, 1517

Keikkala, 2007, Estimation of the potential for greenhouse gas emission in North-East Russia: a comparison of energy use in mining, mineral processing and residential heathing in Kiruna and Kirovsk-Apatity, Energy Policy, 35, 1452, 10.1016/j.enpol.2006.01.023

Kivikytö-Reponen, 2009, The correlation of material characteristics and wear in a laboratory scale cone crusher, Wear, 267, 568, 10.1016/j.wear.2008.12.055

Klingerman, 2005, Improving tribological performance of piston rings by partial surface texturing, Trans ASME, J Tribol, 127, 632, 10.1115/1.1866171

Komonen, 1998

Komonen, 1998

Komonen, 2003, vol. 12, 31

Komonen, 2009, Introduction to operations and maintenance (O&M) management, 236

Kotzalas, 2012, Rolling contact fatigue wear, vol. 2

Kovalchenko, 2004, The effect of laser texturing of steel surface and speed-load parameters on lubrication regime transition from boundary to hydrodynamic, Tribol Trans, 47, 299, 10.1080/05698190490440902

Kunttu, 2010

Lai, 2012, Face seals, vol. 2

Lampe, 2003, Plasma surface engineering in automotive industry – trends and future perspectives, Surf Coatings Technol, 174–175, 1, 10.1016/S0257-8972(03)00473-0

Leduc, 2009

Legendre, 2014, Assessing the energy efficiency of jaw crusher, Energy, 74, 119, 10.1016/j.energy.2014.04.036

2009, 379

Levchenko, 2013, Manufacturing technology for cast inserts of new wear resistant alloys for combined mill linings, Metallurgist, 56, 10.1007/s11015-013-9646-8

Li, 2013, Superlubricity achieved with mixtures of acids and glycerol, Langmuir, 29, 271, 10.1021/la3046115

Li, 2001, Experimental investigation on the breakage of hard rock by the PDC cutters with combined action modes, Tunn Undergr Space Technol, 16, 107, 10.1016/S0886-7798(01)00036-0

Lichter, 2007, The use of computational fluid dynamics and discrete element modeling to understand the effect of cell size and inflow rate on flotation bank retention time distribution and mechanism performance, 473

Lindroos, 2015, Wear behavior and work hardening of high strength steels in high stress abrasion, Wear, 322–323, 32, 10.1016/j.wear.2014.10.018

Lindqvist, 2005

Linsler, 2015, Influence of subsurface microstructure on the running-in of an AlSi alloy, Wear, 332–333, 926, 10.1016/j.wear.2015.02.044

Liu, 2005, Enhancement on the transverse fracture strength of functional graded structure cemented carbides, J Mater Sci, 40, 5525, 10.1007/s10853-005-4515-x

LKAB, 2013

Llewellyn, 2004, Scouring erosion resistance of metallic materials used in slurry pump service, Wear, 256, 592, 10.1016/j.wear.2003.10.002

2015

MAC Mining Association of Canada, 2005

MAC Mining Association of Canada, 2005

Martin, 2008

Martin, 92009, Green tribology: lubricant compliant superhard DLC coatings, 6

Martin, 2010, Gas-phase lubrication of a ta-C by glycerol and hydrogen peroxide: experimental and computer modelling, J Phys Chem, C114, 5003, 10.1021/jp909940j

McCarthy, 2011, Hard-rock equipment selection and sizing, 1143

McCarthy, 2011, Dewatering underground operations, 765

McLellan, 2013, The minerals-energy nexus: past, present and future, 619

Meng, 1995, Wear models and predictive equations: their form and content, Wear, 181–183, 443, 10.1016/0043-1648(95)90158-2

Merlo, 2003, The contribution of surface engineering to the product performance in the automotive industry, Surf Coatings Technol, 174–175, 21, 10.1016/S0257-8972(03)00371-2

Metso Wear lining and sheeting, 452016

Metso Showroom, 3042013

Minami, 2009, Ionic liquids in tribology, Molecules, 14, 2286, 10.3390/molecules14062286

Mining Journal online, 342014

2002

Mosher, 2011, Crushing, milling, and grinding, 1461

Mukka, 2002, Mine ventilation at Kiruna, Min Eng, 10, 2

Nelson, 2011, Evaluation of mining methods and systems, 341

NMA National Mining Assosiation, The economic contributions of US mining (2011). A report prepared by the NMA National Mining Assosiation, Washington, USA, September 2013.

Nordell, 1999, A new era in overland conveyor belt design, E&Mj, April, 40

Nordgren, 2015, Trends in the P/M hard metal industry, Int J Refract Metals Hard Mater, 48, 31, 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2014.07.007

Norgate, 2010, Energy and greenhouse gas impact of mining and mineral processing operations, J Clean Prod, 18, 266, 10.1016/j.jclepro.2009.09.020

NRC, 2006, Tires and passenger vehicle fuel economy – informing consumers, improving performance

Ojala, 2014, Effects of composition and microstructure on the abrasive wear performance of quenched wear resistant steels, Wear, 317, 225, 10.1016/j.wear.2014.06.003

Oksanen, 2015, Comparison of laboratory rolling-sliding wear tests with in-service wear of nodular cast iron rollers against wire ropes, Wear, 340–341, 73, 10.1016/j.wear.2015.07.006

Osara, 2001, Three-body impact wear study on conventional and new PM/+ HIPed wear resistant materials, Wear, 250–251, 785, 10.1016/S0043-1648(01)00717-7

Ovarock, 2008

2015, 479

Parent, 2013, Wear of hydrotransport lines in Athabasca oil sand, Wear, 301, 477, 10.1016/j.wear.2013.01.039

Parreira, 2012, Simulation of an open pit mine to study autonomous haulage trucks

Peppers, 2011, Dewatering surface mines, 743

Plinninger, 2002, 1

Podgornik, 2005, Tribological reactions between oil additives and DLC coatings for automotive applications, Surf Coatings Technol, 200, 1982, 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2005.08.014

Powell, 2011, DEM modelling of liner evolution and its influence on grinding rate in ball mills, Miner Eng, 24, 341, 10.1016/j.mineng.2010.12.012

Qu, 2006, Ionic liquids with ammonium cations as lubricants or additives, Tribol Lett, 22, 207, 10.1007/s11249-006-9081-0

Qu, 2009, Ionic liquids as novel lubricants and additives for diesel engine applications, Tribol Lett, 35, 181, 10.1007/s11249-009-9447-1

Qu, 2009, Tribological characteristics of aluminium alloys sliding against steel lubricated by ammonium and imidazolium liquids, Wear, 267, 1226, 10.1016/j.wear.2008.12.038

Rabago, 2001, Energy and sustainable development in the mining and minerals industries, MMSD Min Min. Sustain Dev, 1

Randolph, 2011, Current trends in mining, 11

Ratia, 2013, High-Stress abrasion and impact-abrasion testing of wear resistant steels, Tribol Online, 8, 152, 10.2474/trol.8.152

Ratia, 2014, Effect of abrasive properties on the high-stress three-body abrasion of steels and hard metals, Finn J Tribol, 32, 3

Rattanasom, 2009, Comparison of the mechanical properties at similar hardness level of natural rubber filled with various reinforcing-fillers, Polym Test, 28, 8, 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2008.08.004

Reichl, 2016, World mining data - minerals production, vol. 31

Rendon, 2009, Abrasive wear resistance of some commercial abrasion resistant steels evaluated by laboratory test methods, Wear, 267, 2055, 10.1016/j.wear.2009.08.005

Richards, 2011, Hydraulic mining, 1049

Ronkainen, 2016, The influence of carbon based coatings and surface finish on the tribological performance in high-load contacts, Tribol Int, 96, 402, 10.1016/j.triboint.2015.04.019

Rostami, 2011, Mechanical rock breaking, 417

Rostami, 2011, Blasthole drilling, 435

Ryk, 2006, Testing piston rings with partial laser surface texturing for friction reduction, Wear, 261, 792, 10.1016/j.wear.2006.01.031

Sare IR,Mardel, 2001, Wear-resistant metallic and elastomeric materials in the mining and mineral processing industries – an overview, Wear, 250, 1, 10.1016/S0043-1648(01)00622-6

Scharf, 2012, Metals, vol. 2

Scherge, 2015, The running-in corridor of lubricated metal-metal contacts, Wear, 342–343, 60, 10.1016/j.wear.2015.08.014

Scherge, 2003, Wear measurement using radionuclide-technique (RNT), Wear, 254, 801, 10.1016/S0043-1648(03)00230-8

Scherge, 2003, Fundamental wear mechanisms of metals, Wear, 255, 395, 10.1016/S0043-1648(03)00273-4

Scott, 2006, Mining industry, vol. 1

Sethuramiah, 2003

Shakhvorostov, 2007, Microstructure of tribologically induced nanolayers produced at ultra-low wear rates, Wear, 263, 1259, 10.1016/j.wear.2007.01.127

Siitonen, 2942009

Smith, 1994, The McCoy truck study, large vs small, mechanical vs electrical, E&MJ, 24

Somers, 2013, A review of ion liquid lubricants, Lubricants, 1, 3, 10.3390/lubricants1010003

Stachowiack, 2005

Taylor, 2015, Mill liners, 125

The top ten deepest mines in the world, 292016

Tiley, 2011, Hoisting systems, 1295

Tolonen, 2015, Maintenance and plant services/Kunnossapito ja tehdaspalvelu (In Finnish), 365

Toor, 2013, Designing liners for performance not life, Miner Eng, 43–44, 22, 10.1016/j.mineng.2012.07.004

2006, Handbook of lubrication and tribology, vol. 1

2012, Handbook of lubrication and tribology, vol. 2

Tromans, 2008, Mineral comminution: energy efficiency considerations, Miner Eng, 21, 613, 10.1016/j.mineng.2007.12.003

Tung, 2004, Automotive tribology overview of current advances and challenges for the future, Tribol Int, 37, 517, 10.1016/j.triboint.2004.01.013

UN United Nations, 2015

US DOE, 2002

US DOE, 2007

Utley, 2011, In-pit crushing, 941

Van Voorst, 2000, Polyglycols as base fluids for environmentally-friendly lubricants, J Synthetic Lubr, 16, 313, 10.1002/jsl.3000160404

Vergne de la, 2008

Vuorinen, 2016, Erosive and abrasive wear performance of carbide free bainitic steels – comparison of field and laboratory experiments, Tribol Int, 98, 108, 10.1016/j.triboint.2016.02.015

Walker, 2013, Comparison of some laboratory wear tests and field wear in slurry pumps, Wear, 302, 1026, 10.1016/j.wear.2012.11.053

Wang, 2010, Surface texture design for different circumstances, p.97

Wang, 2016, Comparison of three-body impact wear behaviours for quenching-partitioning-tempering and quenching-tempering 20Si2Ni3 steels, Wear, 362–363, 121, 10.1016/j.wear.2016.05.026

Wicakasana, 2011, Nardono, Determining rolling resistance coefficient on Hauling road using dump-truck in open coal mine

Wills, 2006

Woodman, 2002, Tyre selection, use and operational issues to maximise tyre life, Otraco Int, 1

Yahyaei, 2015, Relining efficiency and liner design for improved plant performance, Miner Eng, 83, 64, 10.1016/j.mineng.2015.08.016

Yue, 2014, A study of microstructure and performance of cast Fe–8Cr–2B alloy, Mater Werkst, 45, 912, 10.1002/mawe.201400252

Zhang YB, A new type of energy conserved hydrodynamic journal bearing. Patent: CN201410563019.7 (2014).

Zhang, 2016, An energy conserved hydrodynamic journal bearing by the boundary slippage technology, Recent Pat Mech Eng, 9, 63, 10.2174/2212797609666160118234638

Zhao, 2013, Analysis of class 8 truck technologies for their fuel savings and economics, Transp Res Part D, 23, 55, 10.1016/j.trd.2013.04.004