Global carbon sequestration in tidal, saline wetland soils

Global Biogeochemical Cycles - Tập 17 Số 4 - 2003
Gail L. Chmura1, Shimon C. Anisfeld2, Donald R. Cahoon3,4, James C. Lynch3,4
1Department of Geography and Centre for Climate and Global Change Research McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
2Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
3National Wetlands Research Center U.S. Geological Survey Lafayette Louisiana USA
4Now at U.S. Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, Maryland, USA.

Tóm tắt

Wetlands represent the largest component of the terrestrial biological carbon pool and thus play an important role in global carbon cycles. Most global carbon budgets, however, have focused on dry land ecosystems that extend over large areas and have not accounted for the many small, scattered carbon‐storing ecosystems such as tidal saline wetlands. We compiled data for 154 sites in mangroves and salt marshes from the western and eastern Atlantic and Pacific coasts, as well as the Indian Ocean, Mediterranean Ocean, and Gulf of Mexico. The set of sites spans a latitudinal range from 22.4°S in the Indian Ocean to 55.5°N in the northeastern Atlantic. The average soil carbon density of mangrove swamps (0.055 ± 0.004 g cm−3) is significantly higher than the salt marsh average (0.039 ± 0.003 g cm−3). Soil carbon density in mangrove swamps and Spartina patens marshes declines with increasing average annual temperature, probably due to increased decay rates at higher temperatures. In contrast, carbon sequestration rates were not significantly different between mangrove swamps and salt marshes. Variability in sediment accumulation rates within marshes is a major control of carbon sequestration rates masking any relationship with climatic parameters. Globally, these combined wetlands store at least 44.6 Tg C yr−1 and probably more, as detailed areal inventories are not available for salt marshes in China and South America. Much attention has been given to the role of freshwater wetlands, particularly northern peatlands, as carbon sinks. In contrast to peatlands, salt marshes and mangroves release negligible amounts of greenhouse gases and store more carbon per unit area.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

10.1038/348711a0

S. E. Allen 1974 Blackwell Sci. Malden Mass.

10.3354/meps056133

10.2307/1352980

Atjay G. L., 1979, The Global Carbon Cycle, 129

10.1029/91JD00610

10.1007/BF02187365

10.1006/ecss.2001.0852

10.2307/1352840

10.2307/1942126

10.1023/A:1009904816246

10.2307/1351905

10.1006/ecss.1996.0055

10.4319/lo.1996.41.3.0444

Callaway J. C., 1997, Sediment accretion rates from four coastal wetlands along the Gulf of Mexico, J. Coastal Res., 13, 181

10.1111/j.1744-7429.1998.tb00366.x

10.1007/BF00993000

Chmura G. L., 2003, Controls on salt marsh accretion: A test in salt marshes of Eastern Canada, Estuaries

Chmura G. L., 2001, Variation in surface sediment deposition on salt marshes in the Bay of Fundy, J. Coastal Res., 17, 221

Church J. A., 2001, Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis Contribution of Working Group I to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 639

10.1029/2000GB001346

10.2307/1351691

10.1006/ecss.1993.1062

10.1038/275532a0

DeLaune R. D., 1990, Soils and the Greenhouse Effect, 497

Dijkema K. S., 1987, Geography of salt marshes in Europe, Z. Geomorphol., 31, 489, 10.1127/zfg/31/1987/489

10.1007/978-3-642-79943-3_9

Field D. W., 1991, Coastal Wetlands of the United States

10.1016/0025-3227(93)90091-9

10.1111/j.1365-2389.1996.tb01388.x

10.2307/1941811

Hanson A. R. andL.Calkins Wetlands of the maritime provinces: Revised documentation for the wetlands inventory Tech. Rep. 267 Can. Wildlife Serv. Atl. Reg. Sackville N. B. Can. 1996.

Hatton R. S. Aspects of marsh accretion and geochemistry: Barataria Basin M.S. thesis Louisiana State Univ. Baton Rouge La. 1981.

Hensel P. F., 1999, Wetland vertical accretion and soil elevation change in the Rhone River Delta, France: The importance of riverine flooding, J. Coastal Res., 15, 668

Kearney M. S., 1991, Island land loss and marsh vertical accretion rate evidence for historical sea‐level changes in Chesapeake Bay, J. Coastal Res., 7, 403

G. Letourneau M. Jean 1996 Centre Saint‐Laurent Quebec

Lynch J. C. Sedimentation and nutrient accumulation in mangrove ecosystems of the Gulf of Mexico M.S. thesis Univ. of Southwestern Louisiana Lafayette La. 1989.

10.2307/1352658

H. W. Markewich 1998

10.1016/S0065-2687(08)60066-7

10.1046/j.0022-0477.2001.00602.x

W. J. Mitsch J. G. Gosselink 2000 John Wiley New York

10.1046/j.1365-2745.1998.00251.x

10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[2869:ROCWTR]2.0.CO;2

Naidoo G., 1980, Mangrove soils of the Beachwood area, Durban, J. S. Afr. Bot., 46, 293

O'Callaghan M., 1990, Saltmarshes: A highly specialized environment, Custos, 18, 58

E. P. Odum 1959 W. B. Saunders Philadelphia Pa.

10.1016/0272-7714(88)90019-4

Olson J. S. J. A.Watts andL. J.Allison Carbon in live vegetation of major world ecosystems ORNL‐5862 Oak Ridge Natl. Lab. Oak Ridge Tenn. 1983.

10.1006/ecss.1998.0363

10.1126/science.1057320

10.4319/lo.1990.35.6.1389

Ramaswamy V., 2001, Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis, Contribution of Working Group I to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 349

10.1006/ecss.1997.0236

10.2307/3236781

10.1672/0277-5212(2000)020[0605:PCSGGA]2.0.CO;2

Sahagian D. andJ.Melack Global wetland distribution and functional characterization: Trace gases and the hydrologic cycle IGBP Rep. 46 Intl. Geosphere Biosphere Programme Secretariat Stockholm 1988.

10.1029/94GB00993

10.1139/e83-145

Shaw J., 1990, Proceedings of Canadian Coastal Conference, Kingston, Ontario May 8–11, 1990, 291

10.1016/0016-7037(83)90028-5

10.1016/0302-3524(79)90114-2

M. D. Spaulding F. Blasco C. D. Field 1997 Int. Soc. for Mangrove Ecosyst. Okinawa Jpn.

10.1007/BF01873387

Turner E. G., 1976, Geographic variations in salt marsh macrophyte production: A review, Contrib. Mar. Sci., 20, 47

Watson R. T., 2000, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report

10.1034/j.1600-0889.2001.530501.x

10.1016/0037-0738(93)90016-X

Working Group on Sea Level Rise and Wetland Systems, 1997, Forecasting the fate of coastal wetlands, Eos Trans. AGU, 78, 257

Thông tin
Thông tin xuất bản

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

Tập 17 Số 4

Thông tin tác giả